IV*^^^ ../i^^ s>'' m% 1 ^^^"* (\ ■ ^. i=-V i*. :ii GRAND RAPIDS FLORA CATALOGUE OF THK Flowering Plants and Ferns GKOWTNG WITHOUT CULTIVATION IN THE VICINITY OF GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN. BT EMMA J. COLE. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. A. VAN DOBT, Book and Job Printer. 1901. c^/ INTRODUCTION. I have aimed to include in this publication all of the tiower- ing plants and higher cryptogams, so far as observed, which grow without cultivation within sixteen and one fourth townships, an area of 585 square miles. This territory includes the City of Grand Rapids as a center with its two tiers of surrounding town- ships. Students of Botany in the Grand Rapids High School, former teachers of the subject here, and several local collectors, have supplemented my own personal efforts in furnishing the informa- tion which it contains. This catalogue, like all pioneer work in this line, must necessar- ily prove incomplete. Even in so small a district as this, there will be some unobserved places worthy of careful investigation. It is hoped, however, that it will contribute something to the bet- ter knowledge of our flora. The work has been done with care as to local distribution, abundance, and constancy of the species mentioned. Attention has also been given to any habits, or morphological variations, in those plants which have their natural geographical limits in the State, and which come within, or near, the range of this district. Care has been taken that no plant should appear in the catalogue without being represented by a specimen in the herbarium re- ferred to, and with sufficient data to warrant its acceptance.* All notes or statements quoted from other sources have been carefully verified. *The few exceptions are speciHed. V iNTRonn iMox. This publication is intcmlt'd niiiinly to aswist high scliool stu- dents and local collectors in the study of jdant lile, by «lirccting their efforts and onlartfing tlicir resources. The herbariums representint; lliis section are esorc-ially line, each containing" I'roni the hiuidietl to twelve liiindred specimens. They ai-e in Grand Kapids unless otherwise s)iecit;ed. Hesides my own herbarium, the following have been consulted: The collections of Leon J. Cole; CharlcB W. Fallass, Petos- key, Mich.; Mrs. Mary B. Fallass; Hermann W. Hyser, Plaintield Village, Mich.; Burton E. Livingston; 8. Owen Livingston; W. Karle Mulliken; ?drs. Hattie M. liuiley Pieters, Washington, D. C; •Our llerl>ariinn." by Homer C. Sk(!els and Miss Jennie Shaddick; also the George D. Sones Collection, now the property of the Kent Scientific Institute. The following publications have been consulted: Michigan Flora, Dr. W.J. Bealand Prof. C. F. Wheeler, 1893; Catalogue of Flowering Plants of the Southern Peninsula of Mich- igan, N. Coleman, 1874; Michigan: — Its Resources, 18y2-'93. Most grateful acknowledgements are due to Prof. C. F. Wheeler of the Michigan Agricultural College, to whom all doubtful spe- cimens, as well as the entire collection of carices and jiotamogetons have been submitted. His kindly assistance and unabating inter- est have been great incentives in the preparation of this work. Dr. B. L. Robinson and his assistant, Mr. M. L. Fernald, of Harvard University, have given valuable suggestions. Mr. Luther S. Liv- ingston of New York City, has kindly read the proof throughout. Thanks are also due to the members of the Grand Rapids Botani- cal Club, especially to Miss Jennie Shaddick, Homer C. Skeels, W. Earle Mulliken, and S. Owen Livingston. Their united energies as collectors and students have made this publication possible. Homer C. Skeels prepared the accompanying map of the district. Miss Annah M. Clark, Mr. Luther S. Livingston, and Prof. Robert II. Wolcott of Nebraska University, have given data from their observations made prior to niv own work. Miss Ellen Dean, INTRODIKTION, Burton E. Livingston, C. W. Fallass, H. W. Hyser, and R. K. Mat- teson, have assisted me in various "ways. I am indebted to the courtesy of the following- gentlemen for assistance within the line of their official work: W. L. Moore, Chief of the United States Weather Bureau at Washington, D. C, and C. F. Schneider, of the Michigan Section of that Bureau, for meteorological data for the city of Grand Rapids and the Lower Peninsula of Michigan; to Dr. A. C. Lane, State Geologist; to Mr. Frank Leverett of the United States Geological Survey, and Mr. J. F. Nellist of this City, who have assisted Dr. Lane upon local geology. They, with many others, have kindly contributed notes or specimens which have assisted in the preparation of the work. It is a special pleasure to recall and acknowledge the help of the pupils of the Grand Rapids High School. CLIMATIC INFLUENCE x\ND DISTRIBUTION. The City of Grand Rapids, picturesquely situated in the Grand River Valley, on Grand River, has a latitude of 42.96° N., and a longitude of 85. GG^ W. The climate of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan is greatly mod- ified by the surrounding lakes. They render the temperature milder in the winter and more uniform in the summer. The central part of the district is about 32 miles east of Lake Michigan, and has the advantage of being on the milder side of the State. It is also in the center of the "-peach district." That this fruit can be grown here so successfully is regarded as due to climatic influences rather than to the nature of the soil. The western side of the State is, warmer than a corresponding latitude on the eastern side, owing to the southwesterly winds across Lake Michigan. The annual range of temperature for the City of Grand Rapids is 116°. The annual mean for a series of ten years is 46.9° . On an average, the first severe frost is about the last of September: the last, about the first of May. \'II INTRODri TIoX. The average rain-fall, iiichidin;^ that in ilie lonu ol snow, Irom 1870to 1899 was 30.55 inches, (irand Kiveral b'lilton Street Bridge is 8 feet above Lake ^Nlichiijan and 588 feet above tl»e sea. Tlie eastern bluffs measure at the Stand I'ipe 170 feet almve Lake Miehieran. Under these favorable climatic conditions we find treos and lesser plants, such as the tulip-tree, mulberry, papaw, pepperidge, Judas-tree, Kentucky coffee-tree, flowering dogwood, etc., which belong to Ohio, Central Illinois, and even further south, maintain- ing themselves in the Grand River Valley and the western part of the State. It is in the valley of Grand River that the northern and southern flora.s of the State overlap, as may be seen by the follow- ino- lists: NORTHERN .SPECIE.S. Acer spicatuni. Arctostaph3-los Uva-Ursi. Cai-ex pauciflora. tenuiflora. Clintonla borealis. Cornus CanadensLs. Epilobium lineans. Rriophorum gracile. viiKinatum. Erysimum cheiranthoides. Juncus Canadensis coarctatus. Lonicera oblongifoUa. Polj'gonum cilinode. Prunus pumila. Ro.sa blanda. Scirpus pauciflorus. Taxus Canadensis. SOUTHERN SI^ECIES. .\xclfpias vertJciUaia. .\simina triloba, mephilia hirsuta. Houtcloua raromosa. (\irya alba. amara. mlcrooarpa. • porcina. (.'aMSia Marylandica. Cercls Canadensis. Ohaerophyllum procumbens. ColUnsia verna. Cornus florid a. Coreopsis trlchosperma teuuiloba. Desmodlum lUlnoense. ?.f.-irvlan.1iciim. Eleocliarls olivacea. Eragrostis pectlnacea spectabilis. Erigenla bulbosa. Gyranocladus Canadensis. Hemicarpba subsquarrosa. Kuhnia eupatorioides. Liatris spicata. Llriodendron Tulipifera. Medeola Vlrginlana. Morus rubra. Nyssa sylvatica. Ptelea trlloliata. Silphium tereblnthinaceum. Solea concolor. Sporobolus cryptandrus, Svnthvris Houcrhtoniana. INTRODUCTION. . Vill Desmodium sessilifolium. Traciescaiuia Vivtjiuic a. Draba Caroliniana. Utricularla resupinata. Eleocharis murata. Zi/.ia cordata. GEOLOGY, TOPOGRAPHY. AKD SOU.. Geologists have demonstrated that the Lowei* Peninsula of Michigan is made up of layer upon layer of diti'erent kinds of rocks formed as sediment, or mud deposit, when Michigan was part of the great ocean. These rocks lie horizontally one upon the other, with Gratiot County as a center. They rest upon a foundation of Arcluiean rocks, and in the central part of the State they aie many thousand feet thick. The upper and less extensive rocks were formed during the Coal Period. The sedimentary rocks represent, with the greatest regularity of position, nearly all the known formations of this con- tinent, from the Cambrian, which is near the base of the rock series, to the latter part of the Carboniferous Period, whose rocks are well up towards the top of the series. Grand Rapids i.« situat- ed near the edge of the Subcarboniferous series. After an interval, when Michigan had become dry land and tliesi' strata had been cut by river valleys, came the Glacial Period, or Ice Age, when vast sheets of ice moved from the north slowlv south- ward as far as the vicinity of the Ohio River, They bore a great amount of debris — rock, gravel, sand, etc., from the largest boul- ders to the finest clay, and covered the entire peninsula with a thick deposit, called by geologists the glacial drift. In places the deposit is a commingled mass of rock-fragments of all sizes imbed- ded in the clay, while in others it consists largely of material which has been assorted by water, i. e., sand and gravel. Of the glacial, or surface, geology, Dr. A. C. Lane says: "The ice front formed three lobes, one of which, the Lake Michi- gan lobe, came up Lake Michigan; another, the Saginaw Bay lobe, came up Saginaw Bay; and a third, the Huron-Erie lobe, extended south-west from lakes Huron and Erie, covering the south- eastern part of the State. Between each two lobes there was an angle IX INTKODlN'I'IoN. j>ointing north luid draiiiiiiLj south, which c.irrifti :i\v:iy the wat<.'r from the nieltin<; ice, and at the same time depoKited vast })eds of sand and gravel. The line of the discharge of tlie sand and gravel between the Saginaw and Lake Jlioliigau l()l)eswas extended north- ward as the ice melt^Hl hack, and passeid fr«»in near Kalamazoo up to the City uf Grand ]la)»id8, r.nd ihciice north-east and north up hey end (Tray ling."' In the process of ineltiiig away, the ic(! front sctMiiM tf the reentrant angle was in the great ridges south-east of Gun Lake. "From this position the ice melted back until the point of the reentrant anerle between the ice lolx^s was at the Dias Hills, a few TNTRODUCTfOX. X miles south of Grand Rapids, and there a halt of some length oc- curred. The gravel tract between Dias Hills and Oun Lake was formed at that time. • "The ice then melted back sufficientlv to bring tlu' reentrant an- gle up to the bend of Grand River at Plainfield, and again halted. At that time the Lake Michigan lobe formed the ridges and hills that lie on the west side of Grand River from Rockford to Jeni- son, and its margin continued southward past Jamestown. The Saginaw lobe at the same time covered the region immediately east of Grand Rapids, its margin being in the eastern edge of the City; and it built up the rolling country around Reed's Lake, and its continuation in districts to the north and south. Meantime, the water found its escape southward over the site of Grand Rap- ids, and on through the gravelly lowland that leads past Carlisle to the Black Ash Swamp, and thence to the pine plains of west- ern Allegan County, where it entered Lake Chicago, a lake that then filled the south end of the Lake Michigan Basin and dis- charged south-west past Chicago to the Illinois and INLississippi Rivers. "In melting back from this position, the ice next made a stand near Cedar Springs, and built up the prominent ridges north-east of that village. From these ridges the margin of the Saginaw lobe passed east of south near Nagle Lake to Grand River beloAv Lowell and thence on past Alto, while the margin of the T^akc Michigan lobe passed south-west near Sparta and English ville and formed the western part of the great belt of rolling land west of Grand Rapids. "At length after several halts that need not be enumerated here, the Saginaw lobe had melted so far back that its front was on the slope toward Saginaw Bay. A lake then formed in front of it, known as Lake Saginaw, which discharged down Maple River to Grand River at Lyons and thence on past Grand Rapids into Lake Chicago. The channel divided near Jenison, one branch turning down the present river to enter Lake Chicago near Lamont, while XI INTHODUCTIUN. the other led south-west past lludsonvillc to enlcr the lake at Zee- land. Great gravelly deltas were fornud by e:icli Vjrnti'.-lj of the old outlet at the places where they entered the lake. Much of Al- lendale Township, Ottawa County, is in the (Icltii of the north branch, while Zeeland stands on the delta of the south branch. As these gravelly deposits are now 60 or 70 feet above I^ake Michigan, it is certain that the level of Lake Chicago was about that height above the present lake. Later it dropped to lower levels, and the outlet of Lake Saginaw along (Jrand River Valley became corre- spondingly deepened. •'The variations in the drift material gave rise to several classes of soil ranging from heavy clay through loamy clay, clayey loam, sand, and gravel, up to coarse cobble. It is usual, however, to find in gravelly places a surticient amount of fine earthy material to af- ford asuitable matrix for plant roots. "Perhaps the coarsest deposit within the Grand Rapids district is that in the old lake outlet. Between the City and Grandville the current ot water removed the line material to such a degree that the soil is very stony. In the western part of Grand Rapids and for some miles above the City large numbers of boulders were present in this outlet before the residents made use of them in building. The soil among the boulders was, however, not too coarse for plants to thrive. This same lake outlet carries also some of the most extensive swampy tracts in the district; the Zeeland Swamp south-west of Hudsonville, the Cedar Swamp west of Jenison, and the Burton Avenue Swamp south-vrest of South Grand Rapids, being illustrations. But this swampy condition is due to subse- quent plant growth in the part of the channel having exceptionally flat bottoms, rather than to any deposit made by the outlet. It is found that sand and gravel deposited by the lake outlet underlie all the swamps at a depth of only a few feet. "The strip of gravelly sand which extends from the bend of Grand River near Plainfield southward along the east side of Grand Riv- er throtigh Grand Ra]>ids and to Carlisle, being in the line of a INTRODUCTION. XII stream of water, carries but a small amount of clayey or tine mate- rial, and is less productive than the heavier soils on the borders of this old stream course. In the immediate vicinity of Grand Rap- ids it has the further disadvantage of being situated on the border of a deep valley into which the water drains rapidly after a rain. The lightness of the soil is shown in the character of the vegeta- tion, it being a strip of "oak openings" whose flora is described below. In this old stream course, the extensive Black Ash Swamp has been developed; but, as in the lake outlet, this is due to subse- quent plant growth, and sand may be found by probing to a depth of a few feet. "The grade of soil next finer than the gravelly sand of the old stream courses is the sand found on the bluffs of Grand and Thorn- apple Rivers above the bend at Plainfield and on the border of several small tributaries of Grand River, both above and below Grand Rapids. These sandy deposits have apparently in some cas- es been drifted by wind beyond the limits of the sti'eams that con- tributed them, being very irregular and patchy. "The greater part of the Grand Rapids district lies on uplands that were feebly or imperfectly acted upon by currents of water during the melting of the ice sheet. As a consequence, the soils contain a large amount of fine material together with the coarse stones of the drift. The proportion of fine material determines whether it is a heavy clay, a porous clay, or a loamy soil, and this proportion often varies greatly within the limits of a small field. In these uplands there are numerous basins formed by the irregu- lar heaping of the drift, aided perhaps by unequal settling of the drift material. These, because of imperfect drainage, usually con- tain either lakes or swamps. The basins are especially numerouK in Grand Rapids Township from Reed's Lake northwai'd, but are not rare in any part of the uplands of this district." The indurated rock formations which underlie the drift have furnished much of its material and are, therefore, of much import- ance in a studv of the soil. XIII INTRODrCTIoX. In tlic northern ]»;irt of the City, filoug Grand River, gubcarbonif- (M'ous limostone lies above the gypsum, and crops out in tlie bed <»f llie River. In the soutlieni part of the City and south-west to (^randvillc, the gypsiferous series of shales, hydraulic limestone anid variations in the altitude of the rock sur- face make it evident that the limestone is much eroded. In S!>ction 1 i>, Paris Township (near the '-brick school-house" on South Division Street) a ledge of this subcarboniferous lime- stone crops out and is traceable for a mile northward and again appears half a mile to the south. About a mile north-cast of the school-house, it lies 30 feet behnv the surface, then dips to the north 200 feet to the mile. Tlie fertility of some of the sandy soils of this district is thought to be due in some degree to the presence of gypsum fragments in them. The pulverized limestone also has, no doubt, contributed to the enrichment of this area, disseminated as it has been through the drill. Tllb: FLORA OF GRA^D RAPIDS AND VICINITY. In the western and southern part of the district, beech and ma- ple timber predominate, Avhile in the eastern, the oans are the chief forest trees. The lowlands are wooded with red maple, hackberry, elm, black ash, burr oak, swamp oak, sycamore, black willow, but- ternut, walnut, viburnums, dogwoods, etc. As this district is just within the southern limits of the pine region, white pine from sin- gle trees to groves of considerable extent is intermingled with the hard wood. The largest tracts were formerly about Mill Creek, in the eastern part of Alpine, in the center of Georgetown, and east of Fisher Station; but they have been cut for timber. All the sections previously mentioned, however, are more or less in- termingled and pass into one another. Since the district has become more thickly settled, it is undergo- ing r:-i]ii[;ieh of the swamp land is being INTRODUCTION, XIV drained, cleared, and utilized; forests are being deprived of their valuable timber, and uplands converted into farms. The wood- lands at present consist mostly of the "wood-lot" reserved by the farmer. From the standpoint of systematic botany, this district is unfor- tunate in having so little territory which is not capable of cultiva- tion. Some of the most interesting collecting grounds with their char- acteristic floras are worthy of mention. In the "oak openings" in and near the City, one is sure to discover the following plants: Androix)gon furcatus. scoparius. Anemone Hepatica. Aster laevls. " macropbyllus. Danthonia spicata. Carex Pennsj^lvanica. Ceanothus Americanus. Comandra umbeUata. Cornus candidissima. Desmodium nudiflorum. pauiculatum. Galium boreale. Hellanthus divaricatus. Krigia ainple^Icaulis. Lechea major. L.espedC7,a capitata. polystachya. Lupinus perenni-. Monarda li.-;tulosa. Paiiicum uepauneriitum. dichotoraum. Potentilla simplex. Pteris aquilina. Pyrola eUiptica. Paibus Canadensis. Sali:c humili.s. Sas.-safras officinale. Solidago nemoralls. Viburum pubescens. V'iria Americana. \'iola pedata. The Saddumjac. Swamt Hkiuon. This swamp lies about five miles east of the City. It was drain- ed and burned in 1895. Although the term Saddle-Bag Swamp is applied in this work only to the immediate vicinity of the Twin Lakes, the term Saddle-Bag Swamp region is used to cover about 1000 acres, and includes seven small lakes which the draining has lowered: Bailey, Carmody, Frawley, Swamp, Twin Lakes, and Webster. These lakes were formerly surrounded by open sphag- nous bogs which gradually passed into sphagnous swamp, over- grown with tamarack, black spruce, mountain holly, leather-leaf, and huckleberry brush. Here were fouud the following species: w INTRODIIfTTON. \mlr«)ino(1.T pollfoli.i. I'alla palusiiis. <.'alopogoii pulchellus. <\irfx tenella. tciiulUora. Cypripcdium acauk-. Droscra intoruioiila AmeiiiuiDa. rotumlifolia. GlyoLria jjallida. Haiii iiaria blophariglotti::. lij'perboroa. lacora. leiicopliai-a. Habciiaria psycode.s. Ledum Groenlandli-um. Monyanlhcs trllollata. MIcrostylls ophi'jglossoldcs. Phragmites communis. Po^onia ophioglossoidcs. PoteutlUa palustrls. Kibes rubruui. Salix Candida. myrtilloldcs. Sarraccnia purj^urca. Vacclnium macrocarpon. Oxvv-.occus. U is to be regretU'd tiuit the setic^es of this interesting region were Tiot bettor known before its devastation. Lami',i;i;tox Laki: Ri: rotunditolia. f 'yprlpt'diuin acaule. candldum. Orosera intermedia Americana, rotundifolia. Linaria Canadensis. Panicura flexile. Pogonia opliioglossoide.s. Polygala pauclfolia. Quercus prinoide.s. Ryncho.spora capillacea leviseta. Sarraccnia purpurea. Scirpus paucitiorus. .Scleria verlicillata. Solida.cio Ohioensis. Riddellii. .Spiraea tomentosa. .Sy II til y r i s Hon gh ton i an a. INTRODUCTION. XVI Kriophorum gracile. Triglocbin palustris. vaginatum. " niaritlma. Festuca tenella. Utricularia cornuta. Habenaria Hookeriana. • gibba. hyperborea. . intermedia. Hemicarplia subs()uarrosa. minor. Hypericum Ascyron. Viola lanceolata. Krigia Vlrginlca. •• saglttata. Crooked Lakh Region. This region lies one mile north-east from the Lamberton Lake region, and includes Perch Lake and Crooked Lake, the latter being now in two distinct parts. This region is surrounded by a narrow marsh, and beyond by hills of sand loam. Many of the species in the Lamberton Lake region are found here, those differing are: Asclepias verticillata. Nymph aea odorata. Carex Sartwellii. Physalis Virgiaiana vulgaris. Cyperus Engelmanni. Psilocarya scirpoides. speciosus. Rynchospora macrostachya. Eleocharis olivacea. Scirpus Smithii. Fuirena squarrosa pumila. Stachy.'* hyssoplfolia. The Reed's Lake Region. This region includes Reed's Lake and Fisk Lake. On the mar- gin of Reed's Lake in shallow water occur: Alisma Plantago. Pontederia cordata. Decodon verticlllatus. Saglttarla arifolia. Eleocharis mutata. • latifolla. " palustris rigens. " riglda. Equisetum limosum. Scirpus lacustris. Heteranthera graminea. " pungens. Nuphar ad vena. Sparganlum androcladuni. Nymphaea tuberosa. " eurycarpum. Peltandra undulata. "' simplex. Phragmltes communis. Typha latifolia. In deeper water, such as the following: Bldens Beckii, Potamogeton lonchite.s. Brasenia peltata. " lucens. Ceratophyllum demersum. •■ pectinatus. Elodea Canadensis. ■ perfoliatus>. Lemna trisulca. perfoliatus Riohardsonii. Myriophyllum spiratum. •• praelonerus. X \ 1 1 INTRODUCTION. PotanioKfton ampUfolius. foliosiis. Friesli. later.-.li-. Potamogeton puslllus. zosteraefoHus. IJanutirulus circinaius. Pink llii.i, Xoiih (»!' (.Cascade Springs is a precipitouw bin IV, 150 feet above the Thornapple River, composed chiefly of white sand. Here are found: Acerates viridiflora. Asclepias obtusifolia. Aster serlceus. Bouteloua racemosa. Cornus circlnata. Eratrrosiis pectlnacea spectabiHs. Juniperus Virginiana. Monarda punctata. Pent^tomon pubcscons. Polygonum tenue. Quercus Muhlenbcrgli. prinoides. Selaginella rupestris. Solidago rigida. rigidiuscula. Sporo bolus cryptandrus. Synthyris Iloughtoniana. Zizia cordata. Bt I{T<»\ AVKNUE SmAMI'. This swamp extends south-west from South Grand Rapids. At present it covers about 500 acres. Its width varies from one half to three fourths of a mile. The ])ortion south of Burton Avenue is a sphao^nous bog (called Orchid Swamp), sparingly overgrown with low willows, shrubby St. John's-wort, poison sumac, and occa- sional tamarack. This passes into a swampy region which origin- ally contained white pine, hemlock, and occasional arbor-vitae, but in which, at present, black ash, yellow birch, and poison sumac pre- dominate. This in turn is followed by a low swampy tract covered by a tangle of under-brush, mostly spice-bush; thence it passes in- to a white pine tract. The following syjecies have their homes here: Aplectrum tiyemale. Arethusa bulbosa. Calopogon pulcbellus. Carex limosa. pedunculaia. Clintonia borealis. Corydalis glauca. Cypripedium parviflorum. pubesrens. Cypripedium spectabile. Habenaria trideniata. Ledum Groenh.ndicum. Mltella nuda. Poa flexuosa. Kibes rubrum. Salix Candida. Viola blandapalustriformi.s. lan''pf>l.'ita. INTRODUCTION. XVIII Cedab Swamp. This swamp is in Georgetown and is very similar in the charac- ter of its flora to the preceding one. It extends about three miles in a semicircle, with a width of about one half mile, from Grand River toward Jenison. The Zeeland Swamp. This noted swamp commences about one mile west of Hiidson- ville, passes through the north-west corner of Jamestown, and thence through Zeeland to Black Lake. Much of this swamp is now under cultivation and forms some of the most fertile land in Ottawa County. The portion near Hudsonville is not unlike the two swamps previously described, and is mentioned in the Cata- logue as the "Hudsonville Swamp." The Mill Creek Woods. This region lies north-west from the West Michigan Fair Grounds, and consists of a series of wooded hills intersected by ravines and creeks. It is wooded chiefly with white pine, inter- spersed with oak, birch, maple, and an occasional tulip-tree. The forest is northern in its character. Here grow: Aspidium Boottii. Habenaria Hookeriana. Biirtonia tenella. hyperborea. Clintonia borealis. orbiculata. Cypripedium acaule. Lirioaendron TulljMfera. Equisetum iiratense. Lycopodium complanatum. .sciri)oide.s. Medeola Virginiana. sylvaticum. Monotropa Hj'popitj's. PLAixriELD Village Bluffs. North of Plainfield Village and near Grand River is found a range of bluifs, above which is a level plain. Back of this plain extends another range and then a level region. The first range forms an immediate background to the Village, and the first level is nearly 90 feet above Lake Michigan. The second range is about a mile distant, surmounted by a level about 190 feet above the Lake. The first bluff faces south and remains, for the most part, in its primitive condition. Its soil is of a dry ffrav- Xl\ INTRODUCTION. «'lly lo;iiii, :iii(l lure still liiii;crHa niosL int.'rrsl iiifj LCrmi)) of plants, a HkI of wliicli in Lc'ivrii below. Tlu- |>ortioii of this distiifl north- cast from iljo Village is kiiowii as "the prairie," and prior to Hct- tlement by tlio whiles, was utilized l)y the Indians for their eornHehls. Acerates viriaittora. Eragrostis pectlnacea spectablllh. Amorpha canescens. Kuhnia eupatorloldes. Asclei)ta.s obtu.rifolia. LInum sulcatum. Aster multltloius. Monarda punctata. Bouleloua raccmosa. Pfntstemou pubcscens. Coreopsi.s lanceolata. Quercus Muhlcnbergll. Dfsmodlum lUinoense. Solidago rlRlda. s<>.ssi!ilolluni. The richest part of tlu; ilistrict lies, however, within the north- ern arch of Grand River and north of a line drawn from Grandville eiist to the River. There arc only about forty plants indigenous to the district covered by this work, which do not occur here. Second to this are the collecting grounds about the lakes in Plain- Held and Cannon. Weeds form a conspicuous part of the flora of any comparative- ly well settled district, and especially is this true about a large city. Our flora contains about twenty-three native species which may be considered weeds and seventy which are introduced, chiefly from Fairope. Of plants generally called poisonous, we have four — the sting- ing nettle, wood nettle, poison ivy, and poison sumac. It is hoped thatall collectors will use the utmostcare in protecting and preserving those plants which are becoming scarce within the hyllum tenellum. Onorpordon Acanthlum. Oxyba])hus hirsutus. Panicum cornmutatum. Pentstemon laevigaius. Psilocarya scripoidcf;. Solidago teuulfolla. Verbena slrlcla. Viola pedata bicolor. I. II. III. IV. V. VI. SUMMARY OF SPECIES ENUMERATED IN THE CATALOGUE. Plants native to the Grand Rapids Flora, i J 1 1 * Plants introduced into the Grand Rapids Flora, . , 1 7fi Plants not discovei-cd in the district hut found just outside its limits, 3 Total number of plants, 1290 Plants introduced from the Old World, 152 Plants introduced from other sources, 2i Of the introduced plants enumerated above, there are 27 that are spontaneous hnt not considered established. XXI INTIiODIU ri<»N. PLAN OF THE CATALOGUE. 'J'lio names of the species supposed to be indigenous to the New World are printed in heavy faced type. The names of the plants supposed to be introduced from the Old World are printed in SMALL CAPITALS. The uouieiiclature folloAved, in the m.'iin, is that of the Index Kewensis. The names used in the sixth edition of Gray's Manual, when they differ essentially from the names in the Kew Index, are given in parentheses. The nomenclature of the Illustrated Flora, by Britton and Brown, has been added in italics when it differed from that given in the Kew Index; but where this change is simp- ly a "gender ending" of a specific name, it has been omitted. In reference to the occurrence of a plant in its proper habitat the terms, common, frequent, infrequent, occasional, local, and rare, are used to express relative abundance. The Ifist two need some explanation. Local, plentiful at the station, but the stations few; rare, not more th.'in four stations, and the plants few at each. Plant.'; a\ ithout a catalogue riumber are supposed not to be estab- lished. ^-^ The dates of the flowering of plants are given as aids in collect- ing. They were obtained from my notes on six successive years' observations averag«'d with dates ta'Kcn from the herbariums men- tioned. The term Cily, in the Catalogue, alwjiys refers to the City of Grrand Rapids — Grand Rapids, in every cHse, applies to the town- ship. Thi^ township name is used alone; as, Ad^, etc. If a village has the same name as the township, it is so specified; as, Ada Vil- lage. In all cases I have endeavored to givepropercredit by initials or name to the discoverer of a new y^lant or a new station for an in- frequent, local, or rare one. When no name appears, the plant has come under my own personal observation, and is contained in my herbarium. *Three are inserted wMrh pro-tv ne.ar the hnrdev of the di<;trict. INTRODUCTION. _ XXII In all cases when the diameters of trees are given, the measure- ments were made three feet above the ground. The following localities need special mention: The Fish Pond, on Hogadone Road near Butterworth Avenue; the Plaster Cave, near the Eagle Plaster Mills; Feakin's Marsh, north of Plaster Creek on Buchanan Street, South Grand Rapids. Emma J. Cole, January, 191)1. (rrand HapidH. Michigan. Hy a leattt-ss wood An old alder >it<>oil. Its cone-tufted branches f;ray and cohl. Till the breath of sjn-in^ Did over them Hing Soft lirown catkins j)o\vder«'d witli uold. The young sisters neat. ("lose at their feet. Sat tnodest. unheeded, and small. While tossing his head. A gay catkin said. "I am noticed and ])rized l)y all. ' Alas, for his pride! Tis soon cast aside - I'oor and plain in the dust he hiiles: While cone sister grew. And unceasingly true. Through the long changing year abides. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. Throughout the Catalogue the following initials rei'or to notes and herbariums. (F.) C. W. Fallass. (B. E. L.) B. E. Livingston. (S. O. L.) S. O. Livingston. (M. & C.) AV. E. Mulliken and L. J. Cole. (0. H.) H. C. Skeels and Miss J. Shaddick. (S.) G. D. Sones. M. A. C. Michigan Agricultural College. L^. of M. LTniversitv of Michigan. PTERIDOPHYTA. SPORE-BEARING PLANTS. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE. Adder's-Tongue Family. BOTRYCIilUM Swartz. Moonwort. 1. B. ternatum Swartz. Moist soil; scarce. Aug.-Nov. Mill Creek woods (O.H.); near Caledonia Village. 2. B. Virginianum Swartz. Rich woods; frequent. June-July. 2 FLORA OF CRANn IlAl'lDS. FILICES. Fkkn Family. ADIANTUM L. .Maidkxiimu. :3. A. pedatum L. Common in rich moist wo<)'0iu'ral i':iv. ASPIDIUM Swart/.. Shikld Imchn. Uryopterls Adans. 4. A. acrostichoides Swartz. Christmas Fern. Moist woods and hillsides; common. Jtily-Aug. The evergreen fronds are used for decorative purposes. 5. A. Boottii Tmkerm. In alder thickets; rare. July-Aug. Mill Creek woods (O.II.). (1. A. cristatum Swartz. Swamps and boggy marshes; infrequent. July-Aug. Farm of J. R. Wade, Sec. 29, Caledonia; Sec. 28, Vergennes; Sees. 1 4 and 25, Jamestown. 7. A. Goidianum Hook. Beech and maple woods; occasional. July-Aug. Sec. 14, Jamestown; Fisher Station; banks of Grand River at Soldiers' Home woods, West Bridge St. Ferry, Boynton's Landing. 8. A. marj:jinale Swartz. Rich woods and hillsides; frequent. Aug.-Sept. The evergreen fronds are used by florists. 9. A. Noveboracense Swartz. Moist woods and thickets; occasional. .luly-Aug. Banks of the Thornapple River; Fisher Station; Walker; Alpine; Sec. 14, Jamestown; S. B. Smith's woods, Sec. 14, Grand Rapids. 10. A. spinulosum Swartz. Rich woods; common. Aug.-So]it. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 6 IL A. spinulosum intermedium D.C. Eaton. Growing with the species; common. Aug.-Sept. 12. A. Thelypteris Swartz. Swamps and low grounds; common. July-Aug. ASPLENIUM L. Splkenwort. 13. A. angustifolium Michx. Rich moist woods; occasional. July-Aug. Sec. 14, Jamestown; Byron Center; Sec. 25, Byron; clay ravines. Sec. 5, Georgetown; woods south of Reed's Lake; Walker; Soldiers' Home; West Bridge St. Ferry. 14. A. FiIix=foemina Bernh. Common in rich moist woods and shaded ravines. July-Aug. Exceedingly variable. l."). A. thelypteroides Michx. jL (icrDstlchoides Swartz. Beech and maple woods; local. July-Sopt. Woods of S. S. Towner, Byron Center; Sec. 14, Jamestown. CYSTOPTERIS Bernh. Bladder Fern. 10. C. bulbifera Bernh. Shady banks along streams; frequent. July. 17. C. fragilis Bernh. Frequent on mounds in wet woods. June-July. ONOCLEA L. 18. O. sensibilis L. Sensitive Fei-u. Moist soil; common. Sept.-Nov. 19. O. Struthiopteris llolfm. Rich moist woods; infrequent. Aug.-Oct. Sec. 14, Jamestown; Hudsonville; banks of Grand River at Grandville, West Bridge St. Feri-y, Plainfield Village. A stately fern. 4 FLORA OF GRAND KAl'IDS. OSMUNDA I.. Fi.owKKiN.; Fkun. 'JU. O. cinnamomea 1.. (iiniamon I'cin. \\'v\ jil.U'c's; I'Diniuoii. .M i(l-M;i\ -.Iiiiic. 21. O. Claytoniana L. Coininon in swamps. Mid-May-.hiiu'. 2'-'. O. regalis I^. Flowcviiitx Fern. !S\v;ini])s; common. ]Mi- transition stai^cs hotwcen rcrtik- and sterile fronds are t'recjuent. PHEGOPTERIS Fee. Ueech Ferx. 23. P. hexagonoptera Fee. In beech woods; occasional. July-Aug. John Ball Park, City; West Bridge St. Ferry; Farm of M. J. Schench, Cascade Gravel Road, Sec. 5, Cascade; Byron Center. PTERIS L. Brake or Bracken. 24. P. aquilina L. Common Brake. Copses; common. Ang.-Se])t. WOODWARDIA Smith. Chain-Fern. 25. W. Virginica Smith. Swamps; especially common in and about huckleberry swamps. July-Aug. Saddle-Bag Swamp region; Lamberton Lake region; Bronner Lake; Vergennes; Ada. EQUISETACEAE. IIoksktam. Family. EQUI5ETUM L. 1Ior.setail. Scouring Rush. 2G. E. arvense L. Common Horsetail. Moist gravelly or sandy soil; especially common along railroad embankments. Mid- April- May. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 5 27. E. hyeinale L. Scouring-Rush. Shave-Grass. Wet banks; common. .Juno. 28. E. lacvigatum A. IJi-aun. Moist soil; rare. .June. Wallen's Tannery, City (O.H.). 2!t. E. limosum L. E. fnrhiflh L. In shallow water; common. .Tune. 30. E. palustre L. Cold s))rin,<>y l)ogs in Cedar Swamp (Weatherwax Part). Kare. .luly. 3L E. pratense Kiirli. Moist sandy woods; rare. Mill Creek woods (O.H.); Stafford Lake; Farm of Chas. Bark- ley, Sec. 15, Ada. It has never hcen I'oniid in I'rnit here. 32. E. robustum A. Biaun. In wet places; infrequent. .June-July. East end of Reed's Lake; Pine Island Lake; Plainfield Village; woods near the Glue Factory. 33. E. scirpoides Michx. Mill Creek woods (O.II.). Rare. June. Xear its southern limits. 34. E. sylvaticum L. Moist sandy woods and thickets; local. April-May. Mill Creek woods; Farm of Chas. Barkley, Sec. 15, Ada; Farm of Mr. Gormley, Sec. 2, Walker; East St. Pinery. It fruits sparingly. Xear its southern limits. () FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. 35. E. variegatum Schleicher. Moist soil; rare. June-July. Wallen's Tannery, City; G. R. & I. Ry., near Burton Ave. (O.II.); Silver Lake. LYCOPODIACEAE. Club-Moss Famu.y. LYCOPODIUM L. C^lub Moss. 3G. L. clavatum L. Common Club-Moss. In dry woods; scarce. June. Banks of Buck Creek, near Grandville; clay ravines, Sec. 5 Georjjetown. 37. L. complanatum L. Ground-Pine. In woods and thickets with pine; infrequent. July. Mill Creek woods; Upper River Road; bluffs along Scotch Creek. 38. L. lucidulum Michx. Cold moist woods; occasional. Aug.-Sept. Burton Ave. Swamp; clay ravines, Sec. 5, Georgetown; Sec. 29, Vergennes; Sec. 2/3, Jamestown. 30. L. obscurum L. In moist woods; occasional. July-Sept. East St. Pinery; Burton Ave. Swamp; Cedar Swamp. SELAGINELLACEAE. SELAQINELLA IVnuv. 40. S. apus Spring. Wet shaded places; frequent. June-July. Pine Island Lake; Lamberton Lake; Campau Lake; Burton Ave. Swamp; Wood Lake, etc. 41. S. rupestris Spring. Drv sterile soil on Pine Hill; rare. Auij.-Oct. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 7 SPERMATOPHYTA. SEED-BEARING PLANTS. O YMNO SPERM AE. CONIFERAE. Pink Family. JUN1PERU5 L. .Ittniper. 42. J. communis L. Common Juniper. On the bluffs of Plaster Creek, near the Paris Town Hall. May. 43. J. Virginiana L. Red Cedar. Savin. Sterile bluffs. May. Frequent alonor the Thornapple River and its tributaries. LARIX Touvn. Larch. 44. L. Americana Michx. American or Black Larch. Tamarack. L. laricina (Du Koi) Koch. In cold swamps, and about lake margins; often forming tracts of many acres in extent. Last of April-Mid-May. PICEA Link. Spruce. 4"). P. nigra Link. Black Spruce. P. Maricma (Mill.) B.S.P. A small tree growing in sphagnous swamps; not abundant. May. Spruce Lake; Mud Lake, Plaintield; formerly abundant in the Saddle-Bag Swamp region, now limited to the margins of Ciirmody and Frnwley Lakes. PINUS Tourn. Pine. 40. P. Strobus L. White Pine. In light soil and in swamps; frequent. June. Formerly there were tracts of considerable size in the eastern part of Alpine, central Georgetown, and east of Fisher Station. What remains is intermingled with hard wood trees. A valuable lumber tree. 8 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. TAXUS 'rumn. Vkw. 47. T, Canadensis \\'illt'ci('s. Aug.-Sept. «il. p. Illinoensis Moronu,-. Muddy banks of Kouge l^ivor at Plainiicld Villatrc. Aug. 02. P. lateralis Morong. Abundant in Heed's Lake along theN.W. shore from JNlanhattan Beach to Lakeside CIul) House, growing in dee]) water (M. & C). July. 63. P. lonchites Tuckerm. (1*. iluitans lloth.) Lake borders and sIoav streams; not infrequent. July-Aug. Abundant in Reed's Lake; Sacldle-Bag Swamp region; C4rand River; Thornapple River. 64. P. lucens L. Abundant in Reed's Lake. -iVug. 65. P. natans L. In shallow or deep water in lakes, ponds, and slow streams; common. July-Aug. 66. P. pectinatus J^. Thornap[>le River; GrandRiver; Reed's Lake; abundant. July- Aug. 67. P. perfoliatus L. AV)undant in Reed's Lake and in Grand River. July-Aug. 68. P. perfoliatus Richardsonii A. Bennett. (P. ])erfoliatus lanceolatus Robbins.) Found growing in abundance with tiie species. July-Aug. 6V». P. praelongus Wulf. Abundant in Reed's Lake, and in Little Bostwick Lake. Aug.-Sej)t. 70. P. pusillus L. Abundant in Reed's Lake along the N. W. shore from Manhattan Beach to Lakeside Club House. Found growing with P. hiteralis. Julv-Aug. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 11 71. P. Zizii Roth. Campau Lake. Aug.-Sept. 72. P- zosteraefolius Schum. Abundant in Reed's Lake and in Grand River. July-Aug. SCHEUCHZERIA L. 73. S. palustris I^. Sphagnous bogs at Mud Lake, Plaintield; Miller's Lake. Rare. M id -May- J line . TRiQLOCHiN L. Arrow-grass. 74. T. maritima L. Marl marshes and brackish places; occasional. Mid- June- July. Marshes about Lamberton Lake; Mud Lake, Plainfield; Feakin's marsh. 75. T. palustris L. Marl marshes. July. Abundant about Lamberton Lake; edges of marsh about the Salt Spring; Campau Lake; Pine Island Lake; Clear Lake. ALiSMACEAE. Water-Plantain Family. ALISMA L. Water-Plantain. 70. A. Plantago L. .1. PlcDitago-aquatlra \j. In shallow water and mud; common. July-Aug. SAQiTTARIA L. Arrow-head. 77. S. arifolia Nutt. Mud and shallow water. July-Aug. W. and S. shores of Reed's Lake (M. &C.); Grand River at Fulton St. Bridge, City. IL* FLOIJA OF (JKAM) JIAI'IDS. 7y. S. cristata Kiii;clin. In shalldw w.-itcr al.m^ tlio "|iiciiir ifrouiKls" of Pine Island Laki'. Kaiv. (II. \V. Ilyser). Aug. Tlio second time its oi-rnrrcnoc lias Locn noted in the State. Tit. S. graminea Mielix. Plentiful in mud or shallow water on tlie W. shore of Heed's Lake (()Al.\. July-Aujx. 80. S. latifolia Willd. (S. variabilis T'hujthn.) In shallow water; eonimon. July-Aug. All the intermediate forms from broad leaves to narrow lobed leaves are found growing together. 81. S. rigida Pursh. (S. heterophylla Pursh.) In mud and water on the W. shore of Reed's Lake. Aug. HYDROCHARIDACEAE. Fno(;'s-iu r Family. ELODEA Miehx. Phllntrla Raf. 82. E. Canadensis JMichx. Water-weed, Lake borders and slow streams; common. July-Aug, VALLISNERIA L. Tape-grass. Eel-grass. 83. V. spiralis L. In quiet water; common in Grand River and its larger tributaries. July-Aug. GRAAIINEAE. (4rass Fam.ly. AG ROPY RON Gaertn. 84. A. caninum R. & S. Awned Wheat-Grass. Frequent in oak openings. July-Aug. 85. A. glaucum R. 86. A. repens Beauv. Couch-,Quitch-,Quick-,or Quack-GraBH. Fields and waste places; common and exceedingly variable. Mid-June-.Tuly. 87. A. violaceum Vasey. Along the M. C. Ry. and G. R. . M. sylvatica 'I'orr. &, Gray. In moist woods and along streams. Aug.-Scpt. Cedar Swamp, neai- the Blendon Road; Rouge River, near Plain- tiold Village. I.jU. M. Willdenovii Trin. M. teuuiflora (Willd.) B. S. P. Soldiers' Home woods. Rare. Sept. 0RYZ0PSI5 Miehx. Mouxt^un Rice. 1.51. O. asperifoHa Mielix. Common in licli woods. May. l.")2. O. Canadensis Torr. (). JHjicea (Michx.) B. S. P. Sterile soil; infrequent. May. Bluffs along Scotch Creek, Sec. 20, Plainfield; hills west of the Lower Swing Bridge (R.E.Matteson). l.")3. O, melanocarpa Muhl. Rich woods; rare. .July. Soldiers" l[f)me woods; east line of Sec. 17, Wright (II. C.Smith). PAN I CUM L. Pank'-Grass. 1)4. P. boreale Nasli. ^loist soil. Summer. Along Hogadone Road; marshes along the G. R, & I. Ry.; Scotch Lake. This is the second station reported in the State. 1.55. P. capillare L. Old-witch Grass. A common weed in dry soil. July-Sept. CATALOGUE OP PLANTS. 21 lot). P. clandestinum L. Moist woods and thickets; rare. June-July. Plaster Creek at Madison Ave.; Glue Factory woods; Cascade Sprino-s. 157. P. commutatum Schultes. Dry woods and thickets. July-Aug. Mill Creek woods (O.H.). The only station reported in the State. 158, P. Crus-galli L. Barnyard-Grass. In rich soil of cultivated or waste ground; common and variable. Aug. -Sept. 15!). P. Crus-galli iiisimdim Torr. P. Walteri Pursh. Banks of Grand River, near the Lower Swing Bridge (O.H.), Aug-Sept. 160. P. depauperatum Muhl, Sterile soil; variable and common. June-Sept. 161. P. dichotomum L. Dry woods and copses; common and variable. June-July. 162. P. flexile (Gattinger) Scribn. Wet marly soil. Aug. Abundant in the Lamberton Lake region (M.&C). 163. P. GLABRUM Gaud. Syntherii^ma linearis (Krock.) Nash. Common in sterile soil. July-Aug. 164. P. latifolium Walt. P. Porter kinum Nash. Edges of woods; common. Mid- June- July, 165. P. MiLiACEUM L. Millet. Waste places. July-Sept, At the corner of Jefferson Ave. and Burton Ave., City (O.H.). ■22 FLORA OF GIUAxXl) liAI'lDS. 100. P. nitidum \/.\m. Dry soil. June. Soutli (iiaixl Kapiils; Upper River Road. 107. P. pubescens Laiti. Dry soil; i'r('*|m'nt. June. South Grand Rapids; Hogadone Road; Cannon. 168. P. SANGUINALE L. Common Crab- or Finger-Grass. Sifntherisnui s S. Millet. Hiiiiiiaiian (ir.isH. Kscai)ecl cultivation. Jiily-Sej)t. 186. S. viRinis Beauv. Green Foxtail. Bottle-Grass. Fields and waste places; common. July-Sept. SPARTJNA Schreb. Cord or Mar.sii Grass. 1ST. S. cynosuroides Willd. Fresh-water Cord-Cirass. Frequent in wet places. Aug.-Sept. SPOROBOLUS R. Br. Duoi'-skkd Grass. Rush-Grass. 188. S. cryptandrus Gray. In dry sand at Pine Hill; scarce. Aug. -Sept. 18^'. S. neglectus Nash. Sterile soil. Aug. -Sept. Especially common along dry sandy roadsides. 190. S. vaginaeflorus (Torr.) AVood. Dry sterile soil. Aug. -Sept. Cascade Springs along the Ada Road; along the "cart road," north of Lamberton Lake. Abundant at these stations. STIPA L. Fkatiikr-Grass. I'.M. S. avenacea L. Fkatiikr-Grass. Oak openings; abundant. May-Juiu;. 1!»2. S. spartea Trin. Porcupine Grass. Dry soil along the D. G. TT. & M. Ry. June-July. ZIZANIA L. Watkr or Indian Rice. 103. Z. aquatica L. Indian Rice. Water Oats. Common in sliallow water of Grand River. Last of July-Aug. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 2d CYPERACEAE. Sedge Family. CAREX L. Sedge. 194. C. Albursina Sheldon. (C. laxiflora latifolia J?oo^^.) In rich woods, pi-efers beech and maple; common. May-June. 195. C. alopecoidea Tuckerm. In woods about the Glue Factory; rare. Mid-.Tune-Mid-July. 196. C. aquatilis Wahl. In water along creek and lake borders. June- July. Stafford Lake; abundant in the marshes about Lamberton Lake. 197. C. arctata Boott. Frequent in moist rich woods. June-July. Sees. 14 and 25, Jamestown; Mr. Gormley's woods, Sec. 2, Walker; Alpine, etc. 198. C. aurea Xutt. In moist marly soil; scarce. June-Mid-July. Pine Island Lake; ]Mud Lake, Wright; Larkins' Lake. 199. C. bromoides Schkuhr. Common in low woods. .lune. 200. C. canescens L. Frequent on the borders of sphagnous swamps. Mid-May-June. 201. C. canescens vulgaris Bailey. C. hn nines ct" us (jvncUinr Britton. Found with the species; common. Mid-May-June. 202. C. Careyana Torr. Rich moist woods; local. Mid-May-Mid-June. Soldiers' Home Woods (Prof. C.F. Wheeler); woods south of Reed's Lake (M.&C); woods near Bronner Lake. 203. C. cephaloidea Dewey. Dry fields and copses; scarce. Mid- June-July. Soldiers' Home woods; Farm of V. Harrington, Sec. 2, Walker. 20 FLORA OF (JRAN'I) IIAIMI).-;. 204. C. cephalophora Miihl. Ill (liy shadcMl places; coinnioii. .lune-.Tuly. 20"). C. communis Bailey. C. pcdici'llata (Dewey) Britton. Frequent on rich shaded ])anks. May-Mid-.June. •JUG. C. communis Wheeleri Bailey. C. pedicellata Wheeleri (Bailey) Britton. S. B. Smith's woods, Sec. 14, Grand Rapids. May-Mid-June. 207. C. comosa Boott. (C. Pseudo-Cyperus Americana Ilochst.) Frequent on lake margins. June-July, 208. C. conoidea Schkuhr. In wet ground along Silver Creek, near Oakdalc Station (Prof. C. F.Wheeler); scarce. May-June. In the M. A. C. Herbarium. L'Uit. C. crinita Lam. A common sedge in marshes. June-July. 210. C. Davisii Schwein. & Torr. In rich shaded soil along the bank of Grand Kiver between the Glue Factory and the Salt Spring (F.). Last of May-June. Rare in i!»[icli. 211. C. Deweyana Schwein. Frequent in dry woods. June. 2 12. C. digitalis Willd. In oak woods; frequent. June-Mid-July. 218. C. digitalis copulata Bailey. In moist beech and maple woods; infrequent. June-Mid-July. Woods of J. H.Edison and V. Harrington, Sec. 2, Walker; woods of J. Hinebeek, Sec. 12, AI)»ine. 214. C. filiformis L. Marshy ground; infrequent. June. Reed's Lake: Crooked Lake; l^amberton Lake. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 27 21.-). C. flava L. Common ill marshes. June-July. The variety graniwis Bailey is included in the species. 216. C. formosa Dewey. Soldiers' Home woods (Prof. C.F.Wheeler), May, 1895. In the M. K. C. Herbarium. A rare sedge in Mich. 217. C. fuscaAll. In boggy ground; local. Last of May-June. Abundant about Lamberton Lake and its marshes; Feakin's Marsh; Stafford Lake. 218. C. gracillima Schwein. In moist shaded soil; frequent. Last of May- June. 219. C. granulans Muhl. Not infrequent in grassy meadows and wet places. June. 220. C. granularis Haleana Porter. Cgramdaris iShrweri Britton. Frequent in low, clayey ground. June-July. 221. C. Qrayii Carey. C. Asa-Graj/i Bailey. Frequent in alluvial soil. Mid-June-Aug. Along Grand River at the Soldiers' Home, Plainfield Village, Ada Village; Fisher Station; the Outlet. 222. C. grisea Wahl, In moist shaded soil; infrequent. Mid-May-June, Soldiers' Home woods. 223. C. Hitchcockiana Dewey, Frequent in woods and thickets. Mid-June-Mid-July. 224. C. hystricina Muhl. Common in swamps and low meadows, June-July, The spikes are sometimes compound at the base, 22.5, C. interior Bailey, Wet soil; common, May-June. 28 FLORA OF CRAXl) IIAI'IDS. 'iJG. C. intumescens Kudge. In wet woods; (.'oniinoii. .luno-.luly. •J-27. C. lanuginosa Michx. (C. filiformis latifolia Boeckl.) Bogs and low ground; c-omni(tii. Mid-Muy-June. 228. C. laxiflora T.ani. In boccli and niapU' woods; common and exceedingly variable. May-.Iiuic. 229. C. laxiflora patulifolia Carey. Common in moist beech and maple woods. May-June. 230. C, laxiflora striatula Carey. C laxljiord blainhi (Dewey) 13oott. In moist woo\v gi-<»uinl; r;iri'. Si'j>t.-0(.*t . C'rookcHl Liikc; Soft Wiiter Liike; Pl;iiiiiieKl Village. ^i'Jo. C. strigosas L. Frequent on low Ljround. Aug. -Oct. DULICKIUM L. C. Riehara. li'JG. D. spathaceum Pers. Jj. nnnidinaceiDii (L.) Brittou. ^larshos and lake borders; common. July-Oct. ELEOCHARIS K. Br. Si>iKK-Rrsn. 297. E. acicularis K. Br. S])ike-Rush. In wet places; common. July-Sept. 293. E. acuminata (Muhl.) Nees. (E. compressa ISallicant.) In wet places. July- Aug. • Silver Lake; Bostwick Lake; Stafford Lake; Bronner Lake; Lower Swing Bridge; near Kinney Station. 29i>. E. Engelmanni detonsa Gray. In wet sand about Soft Water Lake. Sept. -Oct. This Variety described by M. L. Fernald ia "Proceedings of American Academy of Arts and Sciences." Vol. XXXIV. No. 19.— April. 1809. 300. E. intermedia Schultes. In wet soil. July-Sept. Pine Island Lake; Larkins' Lake; Stafford Lake; West Omens Lake; Plainfield Village; Lamberton Lake region. Abundant at these stations. 301. E. mutata (L.) R. ttS. (E. quadrangulata Ji. Jlr.) Abimdant in shallow water at the east end of Reed's Lake. July-Aug. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 35 302. E. obtusa Schultes. In wet soil, July-Aug. Crooked Lake; Vergennes. ' Described by M. L. Fernald in '-Proceedings of American Academy of Arts and Sciences." Vol. XXXIV. No. 19.— April. 18y9. 303. E. olivacea Torr. Abundant in wet mud on the shores of Stafford Lake and Crooked Lake. Aug. -Sept. Rare in the State. These are the most westerly stations known for this species in the State. 304. E. ovata Heuseri Ueclitritz. In wet sand. Sept.-Oct. Silver Lake; Soft Water Lake. Described by M. L. Fernald in "Proceedings of American Academy of Arts and Sciences." Vol. XXXIV. No. 19.— April, 1899. 305. E. palustris R. Br. Common in marshes and in shallow water. July-Sept. 306. E. palustris glaucescens Gray. Frequent in wet meadows and marshes. July-Aug. Pickerel Lake,Plaintield;the Outlet; Frawley Lake; Carapau Lake. 307. E. palustris vigens Bailey. Abundant in shallow water at Reed's Lake. July-Aug. 3U8. E. rostellata Torr. In marly marshes. July-Sept. Salt Spring marsh; Lower Swing Bridge; Lamberton Lake. 30!». E. tenuis Schultes. In wet soil. July. Lamberton Lake; Fisk Lake; Vergennes; Silver Lake. ERIOPHORUM L. Cotton-Grass. 310. E. gracile Koch. Sphagnous bogs: rare. Mid-May-Alid-June. Button Lake; Bronner Lake. 36 FLORA OF GRAND RAI'IDS. 311. E. polystachyon L. Spliagiioiis s\vaiii|ts; frecnu'iit and wi-ll ilistribuled. Micl-May- J mil'. S\-2. E. vaginatum L. S]iliai;nous bogs; rare. Mid-May-Mid-Juno. Hound Lake; Bronner Lake. 313. E. Virginicum L. iSphagnous swamps; occasional. July-Aug. Saddle-Bag Swamp region; Orchid Swamp; Spruce Lake; Campau Lake, etc. 314. E. Virginicum album Gray. Wet soil along Plaster Creek (F.). July-Aug. FIMBRISTYLIS Vabl. 315. F. autumnalis U.&S. Moist soil of lake borders. Aug. -Sept.. Abundant at the following stations: Pine Island Lake; N. W. shore of Crooked Lake; Silver Lake; Bostwick Lake; Lamber- ton Lake. 310. F. capillaris Gray. /Steuop/n/lli/a capilhiris (L.) Britton. In dry sand; abundant but local. July-Aug. Campau Lake at Whitney ville Creek; S. shore of Bostwick Lake; Little Bostwick Lake. FUIRENA Rottb. I^iijtiet.i.a-Gkass. 317. F. squarrosa pumila Torr. In mud along the N. W. shore of Crooked Lake; rare. July-Sept. HEMICARPHANees. 318. H. subsquarrosa Nees. H. micrantha (Vahl.) Britton. Wet sandy lake margins; infrequent. July-Oct. Bostwick Lake; Silver Lake; Soft Water Lake. Plentiful at these stations. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. Si PSILOCARYA Ton-. Bald-bush. 319. P. scirpoides Torr. Abundant in mud on the margin of Crooked Lake. Aug.-Sept. The only station known in the State. RYNCHOSPORA Vahl. Beak-Rush. 320. R. alba Vahl. Sphagnous bogs; frequent. Mid- July- Aug. Miller's Lake; Frawley Lake; Carmody Lake; Gold Lake; Bronner Lake, etc. 321. R. capillacea Torr. In marly soil; local. .July- Aug. Campau Lake; Clear Lake; along a spring brooklet on the Farm of L.N. Wade, Sees. 31 and 32, Plaintield. 322. R. capillacea leviseta Hill. In wet marly soil; local. July-Aug. Lamberton Lake (M.&C); Button Lake; Campau Lake. 323. R. glomerata Vahl. In wet marly meadows; occasional. July-Aug. Oak Hill Farm, Sec. 32, Vergennes; Gold Lake; Campau Lake; Soft Water Lake; Little Bostwick Lake; Farm of J. W. Ames, Sec. 4, Ada; Crooked Lake. 324. R. macrostachya Torr. Jl. comic ulatcf macrostachya (Torr.) Britton. In wet soil at Crooked Lake; rare. July-Aug. This species has been reported from only one other station in the State. SCIRPUS L. Bui.Krsii or Club-Rush. 325. S. atrovirens Muhl. Common in swamps. July-Aug. The inflorescence is exceedingly variable. 38 FL(;HA OF (JllANU KAl'lDS. il'JG. S. cypcriniis Eriophorum (Miclix.) Uriitini. ( l^i-io|ilii)riiiM cyiHTimmi laxum Wi(f!<. tC Coult.) Ci)iiininii III s\v;ini|)S. .Viili:.-S('|iI. 3L>7. S, debilis riirsh. Ahmidanl in moist sand alonu' ll.c N. shore of Wost Omens i-akt'. Aii_Lr.-!^<'l'l. Ivarc ill tiic Stiite — tlic tiiinl station rcporlt'*]. 32S. S. lacustris L. Ureal Bulrush. In shallow water of marshes and lakes; common. .luly-Aiig. 3'J'J. S. liiieatus jMiehx. (b>rioj»horum lineatum I'x ntli.d' Jlook.) In wet meadows; fre(iuent. .lune-.Iuly. Well dislrihiited t Iiron^iioiit our district. 330. S. microcarpus l'r<'sl. (S. Kvlvatieus digyuus Boccld.) In swampy places; rre(iiient. .hine-.Iuly. 3;U. S. Oineyi (J ray. Ahundiiiit in the marsh about the Salt S{»rin<^. July-Aug. Jleported from only one other station in the State. 332. S. paucii'forus Li^htf. (Kleoiliaris paueiflora Link.) Abundant in the marshy borders of LaTiiberton Lake; FeuncBS Lake; Campau Lake; Stafford Lak(\ ,Jniie-Sept. 333. S. pungens \'ahl. A'. A)ti('r!<-. S. foetidus Aliilt. Common in swuiiipsjuul wet ground. Ajjril. Inflorescence with doiiblf spathes is occasional, LEMNACEAE. Dickwkki) Family. LEMNA Ti. DiTKWKKi). Dick's-mkat. 343. L. minor L. Coninioii ill still water. 344. L. polyrrhiza L. (Spirodela polyrrhiza iSchlcui.) In lakes, pools, and shallow water; abundant. 345. L. trisulca L. Frequent in ponds and lakes. WOLFFIA ITorkel. 340. W. Brasiliensis Weddcll. Floating on stagnant water in Mud Lake, Jamestown. 347. W. Columbiana Karst. Floating just beneath the surface of the water in a stagnant pool, south of Steele's Corners. XYRIDACEAE. Ykliow-eyed-grass Family. XYRIS L. Vki,i.()w-eyki) Gkass, 348. X. flexuosa Muhl. Abundant iji moist soil on the shore of Little Bostwick Lake. July-Aug. ERIOCAULEAE. Ph-kwout Family. ER[OCAULON L. 349. E. septangulare With. In mud or shallow water; abundant but local. July-Aug. Pine Island Lake; Mud Lake, Plainfleld; Bostwick Lake; Little Bostwick Lake. Infrequent in the State, CATALOGUE OP PLANTS. 41 COMMELINACEAE. Spidekwort Family. TRADESCANTIA L. Spiderwort. 350. T. Virginica L. Common Spiderwort. Dry sandy soil; common. Jmie-Sept. PONTEDERIACEAE. Pkkerel-weed Family. HETERANTHERA R. & P. Mud-Plantain. 35L li, graminea Valil. //. duhia (Jacq.) MacM. Lakes and still streams; common. July-Oct. PONTEDERIA L. Pickerel-weed. 352. P. cordata L. Borders of lakes and slow streams; common. July- Aug. JUNCACEAE. Rush FaMiLY. JUNCUS L. Rush. Bog-Rush. 353. J. acuminatus Michx. In wet places; infrequent. July. Pickerel Lake; Pine Island Lake; West Omens Lake. 354. J. articulatus L. Moist ground; rare. July. Margin of Gold Lake; Round Lake. Rare in the State. 355. J. Balticus Willd. Sandy shores of Silver Lake. June. Common on the shores of the Great Lakes; rare in the interior. 356. J. brachycephalus (Engelm.) Buch. Wet sandy places; frequent. Aug. Stafford Lake; Bostwick Lake; Silver Lake; Spruce Lake; Farm of L. N. Wade, Sees. 31 and 32, Plainfield. 42 FLORA OF GRAND RAI'IDS. 357. J. bufonius L. ^V('t shores and low |ilaccs; imt iiiicoiimiuii. .Inly. STiS. J. Canadensis .1. (Jay. Coniim)n in uuirHJicK. Aii^. The variety l<>n\v t^roiind; c'oninion. .Inly. 3()1. J. mar^inatus KoHtk. In jnoiwt soil; rare. Aug. (4rand Rapids (I^rof.C^K. Wheeler). In M. A. C. nerl)arinni -destroyed l>y lire in 1890. 302. J. nodosiis L. Wet i)hvces; common. July. 3(i;i. J. nodosus mejijacephalus Torr. »/. Torroji (.'o\ilie. There is a small patch I»y the roadside between Sectn. f) and 0, Alpine, on the Farm of K. iMiller. Rare. Aug. 304. J. pelocarpus E. Meyer. Shores of lakes in moist sand; ahundanl but local. Aug. -Sept. Pine Island Lake; Bostwick Lake; Silver Lake; Little BoHtwick Lake. 305. J. tenuis Willd. Common along paths and roadsides, variable. July-Aug. LUZULA DC. Wood-Rush. Jinicoidcs Adans. 300. L. campestris DC. Dry woods; ire(pient. May. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 43 367. L. vernalis DC. J. pUosiim (L.) Kuiitze. Woods; common. Mid-Ajn-il-May. LiLIACEAE. Lilt Family. ALETRIS L. CoMc-RooT. Star-grass. 308. A. farjnosa L. Moist sandy soil; rare. July. Along the D. G. II. & M. Ry., east of the City; roadside east of Campau Lake. ALLIUM L. OxiON. Garlic. 369. A. Canadense L. Wild Garlic. Common in low woods. Mid-May-Mid-June. 3Y0. A. tricoccum Ait. Wild Leek. Common in rich woods. July. ASPARAGUS L. Asparagus. 37 L A. OFFiciXALis L. Garden Asparagus. Escaped from gardens; occasional. June. CLINTONIA Raf. 372. C. borealis Raf. Cold woods or sphagnous swamps; occasional. Mid-May- June. Burton Ave. Swamp (Charles Wise); Mill Creek woods (O.Il.); Cedar Swamp; Sec. 25, Jamestown; Sees. 30 and 31, Byron. Blossoms and fruits sparingly here. ERYTHRONIUAl L. Dog's-tooth Violet. 373. E. aibidum Nutt. White Dog's-tooth Violet. Rich woods; scarce. Mid- April-Mid-May. Near the Indian Mounds (B.E.L.); woods near the Glue Facto- ry (R.E.Matteson); Mill Creek woods (S.O.L.); woods of H. L. Dickerson, west line of Sec. 12, Tallmadge (Roy Tucker). 44 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. 374. E. Americanum Kit. Yellow AiMt'rV-toiimic. Muist thickets; common. jNIitl-Ainil-Mid-May. HEMEROCALUS L. Dav-Lii.y. 375. H. FUl.v.v Tj. CoTiunoii Day-Lily. Escaped from ganlciur, occasional. July-Ang:. LILIUM L. Lily. 37G. L. Philadelphicum L. Wild Orangc-ied Lily, Dry woods and thickets; infrequent. Mid-June-Mid-July. Mill Creek woods (Charles Falls); D. G. II. & M. Ry., east of City; G. R. & I. Ry., south of Burton Ave. (O.II.); Crooked Lake (Harry Brandau). 377. L. superbum L. Turk's-cap Lily. In Bwaraps and meadows; occasional. July. MAIANTHEMUM Wigg. Unifolmm Adans. 378. M. Canadense Dcsf. Common in moist woods. June. MEDEOLA L. Indian Cucumber-root. 379. M. Virginiana L. Moist woods and copses; infrequent. June. Pine Island Lake; Mill Creek woods; Burton Ave. Swamp; Mud Lake, Wright; Vergennes; Cedar Swamp; Scotch Creek, Well distributed, but not abundant at any station. MUSCARI Mill. Grape-Hyacinth. 380. M. botryoides (L.) Mill. Near dwellings; occasional. May. Escaped from a garden to the roadside, south of the Swing Bridge, near the River Road, where it is abundant. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 45 POLYGONATUM Adans. Solomon's Seal. 38L P. biflorum Ell. Smaller Solomon's Seal. Open woods; common. May. 382. P. giganteum Dietrich. Great Solomon's Seal. P. conamdatinn (K.&S.) Dietrich. In wet woods or in dry ground; frequent. Mid-May-Mid- June. SMILACINA Desf. False Solomon's Seal. Vagnera Adans. 383. S. racemosa Desf. False Spikenard. Common in moist woods and thickets. Mid-May-Mid-June. 384. S. stellata Desf. Common in moist shaded ground. May. 385. S. trifolia Desf. Sphagnous swamps. Mid-May-Mid- June. In Cedar Swamp under tamaracks. SMILAX L. Greenbrier. 38G. S. ecirrhata Watson. Woods; infrequent. June. Woods near the Glue Factory; along Plaster Creek (F.). 387. S. herbacea L. Carrion-Flower. In moist woods and thickets; not uncommon. June. The variety pulverulenta Gray is included in the species. 388. S. hispida Muhl. Common in moist thickets. June. Oiir only species of woody endogen. S. rotundifolia L. Common Greenbrier. Horse-brier. Woods and thickets. June. This species is found in Blendon Township, and it probably oc- curs in this district. 46 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. TOFIELDIA IIirIm. False Asi'iiokkl. 389. T. glutinosa (Miihx.) Pcis. Sphagnous swami)s; frccnu'ut. July. TRILLIUM L. Wakk IVhjin. BiiniinooT. T. cernuum L. Woods oil the S. E. sliore ui' Camp Lake, Sees. 7 and 18, Algoma (S.O.L.). May. This species may be looked for in this district. 390. T. erectum L. Frequent in moist woods and thickets. May. 391. T. grandiflorum Salisb. Rich woods; common. May. Exceedingly variable, and apt to sport. Forms are found with the parts of the flower in fours, or even double. 392. T, nivale Riddell. Dwarf White Trillium. In moist woods; rare. April. North bank of Plaster Creek between the M. C. Ry. and G. R. & I. Ry. (L. S. Livingt;ton), 1882 to '80; Farm of Mr. Wilde, Sec. 20, Wright (Miss Mina Wilde). Miss Annah M. Clark re- ports this species as having been frequent about the City in the seventies. UVULARIA L. Bellwort. 393. U. grandiflora Smith. Rich damp woods; common. May. ZYQADENUS Michx. 394. Z. elegans Pursh. Moist soil in Feakin's Marsh (B.E.L.); rare. Last of July-Aug. AMARYLLIDACEAE. Amaryllis Family. HYPOXiS L. Star-grass. 395. H. erecta L. IT. hirstita (L.) Coville. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 47 Common in moist grassy places. Last of May-June. DIOSCOREACEAE. Yam Family. DIOSCOREA L. Yam. 396. D. vHlosa L. Wild Yam-root. Frequent in moist thickets. June. IRIDACEAE. Iris Family. IRIS L. WiLP Flower-de-Luce. 397. I. versicolor L. Larger Blue Flag. Wet places; common. June. SISYRINCHIUM L. Blue-eyed Grass. 398. S. angustifolium Mill. Common in meadows and grassy places. Last of May-June. ORCHIDACEAE. Orchid Family. APLECTRUM Nutt. Putty-root. Adam-and-Eve. 399. A. hyemale Nutt. A. spicatian (Walt.) B.S.P. Rich woods; infrequent. Last of May. Woods near West Bridge St. Ferry; along Buck Creek, near Grandville (M.&C); East St. Pinery; Burton Ave. Swamp; Jamestown; Vergennes; Tubbs' woods, Sec. 22, Grand Rapids (O.H.). ARETHUSA L. 400. A. bulbosa L. In the sphagnum of Orchid Swamp; rare. Mid-May-Mid- June. L. S. Livingston and Prof. R. H. Wolcott report this species as having been rather abundant in this swamp in the eighties. In 1898 seven plants were found (O.H.). 48 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. CALOPOGON U. Br. Limodortnn L. 4U1. C. pulchellus R. Br. X. tubtrosuni L. Sphagnous bogs; frequent. June-July. Lamberton Lake region; Stafford Lake; Miller's Lake; Spruce Lake; Cainpau Lake; Mutl Lake, Wright; Bronner Lake; Mud Lake, Plaiutield; Orchid Swamp. CORALLORHIZA R. Br. Coral-root. 402. C. innata R. Br. C. Corallorhiza (L.) Karst. Moist rich woods; rare. July. Farm of D. Blanding, Sec. 29, Vergennes; Sec. 18, Vergennes. 403. C. multiflora Nutt. In rich moist woods; infrequent. Mid-July- Aug. Woods along the Thornapple River; Mill Creek woods; Saddle- Bag Swamp region; East St. Pinery; Carrier Creek; Hogadone Creek; along the Walker Road, near West Leonard St. Only a few plants at any station. CYPRIPEDIUM L. Moccasin-flower. 404. C. acaule Ait. Stemless Lady's Slipper. In sphagnous swamps or dry woods; scarce. May. Spruce Lake; Mill Creek woods; Bronner Lake; East St. Pinery; Hogadone Creek; Mud Lake, Plainfield; abundant in the Sad- dle-Bag Swamp region until 1895. 405. C. candidum Willd. Small White Lady's Slipper. Bogs and marshes. May. Button Lake; abundant in the marsh on the south-west side of Lamberton Lake until 1895; two plants were found in Orchid Swamp in 1885 (L.S.Livingston). One flower has been found with two slippers, one within the other (O.H.). Stems with two flowers are rare. CATALOGUE OP PLANTS. 49 406. C. parviflorum Salisb. Smaller Yellow Lady's Slipper. Swamps; formerly frequent, but becoming scarce. May. Cascade Springs; along Plaster Creek at Kalamazoo Ave,; Sad- dle-Bag Swamp region; Burton Ave. Swamp; Mill Creek woods, and elsewhere. 40V. C. pubescens Willd. Larger Yellow Lady's Slipper. C. Jiirsatnni Mill. Woods; formerly frequent, becoming scarce. May. Burton Ave. Swamp; Cascade Springs; Mr. Gormley's woods, Sec. 2, Walker; Mill Creek woods; Cedar Swamp; Lamberton Lake region; G, R. & L Ry., south of South Grand Rapids; Mud Lake, Wright. 408. C. spectabile Salisb. Showy Lady's Slipper. C. reginat Walt. In swamps; formerly common, becoming scarce. June. Burton Ave. Swamp (O.H.); along Plaster Creek at Kalatnazoo Ave. (LloydFord); Cedar Swamp; Lamberton Lake region; the "big ravine" near Harris' Landing; Mud Lake, Wright; Mud Lake, Jamestown; Mill Ci'eek woods. This species and the two preceding, are covered with glandular hairs, and by contact sometimes produce an irritation quite sim- ilar in its effects to that of ivy poisoning. GOODYERA R. Br. Rattlesnake-Plantain. Peramhim Salisb. 409. Q. pubescens R. Br. In moist rich woods; frequent. Aug. Mill Creek woods; Saddle-Bag Swamp region; Burton Ave. Swamp; East St. Pinery; Reed's Lake region; Vergennes. HABENARIA Willd. Rein-Orchis. 410. H. blephariglottis Torr. White Fringed-Orchis. • Sphagnous bogs; rare. Mid-July-Aug. Spruce Lake. This species was destroyed in the main part of the 50 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. Saddlc-Bag Swamp region in 18'J5. A few plaiits still ri-niuin at C';u-ni()cly Lake (Miss Agnes Kelly). 411. H. bracteata R, Br. In moist or dry woods; common. May. 412. H. ciiiaris K. Br. Yellow Fringed-Orchis. Sphagnous swamps or meadows; rare. July-Mid-Aug. Orchid Swamp and Button Lake, 1885 (L.S.Livingston); Dia- mond St. Swamp, City (O.IL); Cascade Springs (C.F.IIolt); near Lamberton Creek (R.E.Matteson); Burton Ave. Swamp, 1899 (C.W.Fox); Farm of O.O.Adams, Sec. 19, Vergennes. This species seems to have disappeared from all the stations except the last two mentioned. 413. H. dilatata (Pursh) Hook. In bogs and wet woods; rare. June. Stafford Lake; Clear Lake. 414. H. Hookeriana Gray. Rich woods with conifers intermingled; scarce. June-July. Mill Creek Woods; Lamberton Lake; Hogadone Creek; Weat Bridge St. Ferry (O.IL); Vergennes. 415. H. hyperborea R. Rr. Bogs and wet woods; rare. June. Mill Creek woods; Lamberton Lake (O.H.); Burton Ave. Swamp (B.E.L.); Saddle-Bag Swamp (S.O.L.). 410. H. lacera R. Br, Ragged Fringed-Orchis. In sphagnous swamps; rare. July. Miller's Lake. The station at Saddle-Bag Swamp was destroyed by fire in 1895 (S.O.L.). 417. H. leucophaea Gray. Sphagnous swamps; rare. July. In 1892 it was collected by Miss Broome in Diamond St. Swamp, City (Mrs. Ilattic M.Bailey Pieters). The station at Saddle-Bag Swamp was destroyed in 1895 (O.H.). CATALOGUE OP PLANTS. 51 418. H. orbiculata Torr. Deep rich woods intermingled with pine. Mid-June-July. Mill Creek woods; woods near West Bridge St. Ferry (O.H.); East St. Pinery (Miss Mary Dickerson); woods along the Thorn- apple Kiver, Well distributed, but not abundant at any station. 419. H. psy codes Gray. In meadows, swamps, and wet woods; formerly frequent, be- coming occasional. July-Aug. 420. H. tridentata Hook. H. clavellata (Michx.) Spreng. On the bank of a spring brook in Burton Ave. Swamp (O.H.). Rare. July. 421. H. virescens Spreng. ■ IT. flava (L.) Gray. In moist soil; scarce. July. Diamond St. Swamp, City (O.H.); near Fisher Station (R.E. Matteson); Burton Ave. Swamp (M.&C); south branch of Lamberton Creek, near Mud Lake, Grand Rapids (S,0,L,). LIPARIS L, C. Richard. Leptorchis Thouars. 422. L. Loeselii L. C, Richard. Twayblade. In wet soil; rare. June. A few plants occur along the shore of Campau Lake, MICROSTYLIS Nutt. Addkr's-Mouth. Achroanthes Raf. 423. M. ophioglossoides Nutt. A. loiifolia (Michx.) Raf. Sphagnous bogs; rare. Two plants were found at Saddle-Bag Swamp, Aug. 12, 1893 (O.H.); this station was destroyed in 1895. 52 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. ORCHIS L. 424. 0. spectabilis L. Showy OichiB. Kicli woods and ravines. Mid-May-M id-June. Tubb's woods, IScc. 2ii, Grand Kaj)ids (O.ll.); ^\r. Gormlcy's woods, Sec. 2, Walker; East St. Pinery; south branch of ].ara- berton Creek, south of llic Kna])}) Koad (INI iss Minnie Dressier). Rare in the State. POQONIA Juss. 425. P. ophioglossoides (L.) Ker. Sphagnous bogs; infrequent. July. Morgan Lake; Button Lake; Spruce Lake; Miller's Lake; ThonipFon's Lake; Mud Lake, Plriinfiold; Mud Lake, Wright. White flowered forms have been found at Saddle-Bag Swamp. 426. P. verticillata Nutt, This rare species was collected in a ravine in the north addi- tion to John Ball Park, City, by Miss Lucy S. Norton, June 6, 1893. Although this region has since been searched many times even by Miss Norton herself, it has never been rediscovered. Prof. C F. Wheeler, in speaking of the incident says: "It some- times happens that this species disappears for two or three sea- sons and then reappears on the same spot." Miss Norton report- ed several plants at this station. The specimens collected are in the herbarium of Mrs. Hattie M. Bailey Pieters. SPiRANTHES L. C. Richard. Ladies' Tkessks. Gyrostachys Pers. 421. S. cernua L. C. Richard. Wet meadows; frequent. Aug.-Sept. 428. S. gracilis Beck. On a dry bank, west of the D. G. H. & M. Ry. Junction (R.E. Matteson), Aug., 1893. Rare. S. Romanzoffiana Cham. In wet ground near Pratt Lake, Lowell. Aug.-Sept. It probably occurs in our district. A northern plant. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 53 DICOTYLEDONES. SAURURACEAE. Lizard's-tail Family. SAURURUS L. Lizard's-tail. 429. S. cernuus L. In swamps and shallow water along streams; common. July-Aug. JUGLANDACEAE. Walnut Family. CARYA Nutt. Hickory. Hicoria Raf . 430. C. aiba Nutt. Shell-bark or Shag-bark Hickory. H. ovata (Mill.) Britton. Uplands, on clayey soil; common. Mid-May-first of June. A valuable timber tree producing the nuts of the market. 431. C. amara Nutt. Bittei*-nut or Swamp Hickory. //. minima (Marsh.) Britton. Not uncommon in moist soil. Mid-May -first of June. 432. C. microcarpa Nutt. Found growing with C\ alhcr, frequent. Mid-May-first of June. 433. C. porcina Nutt. Pig-nut or Broom Hickory. H. glabra (Mill.) Britton. Uplands or moist woods; occasional. Mid-May-first of June. Reed's Lake; Glue Factory woods; West Bridge St.; Plainfield Village; abundant in the northern part of Ada. The bark is closer and smoother than C. m^icrocarpa, husk tardily dehiscent, nut pear-shaped or oblong, lenticels oblong. JUQLANS L. W^ALNUT. 434. J. cinerea L. Butternut. Low woods and uplands; frequent. Mid-May-first of June. 435. J. nigra L. Black Walnut. Low woods and uplands; frequent. Mid-May-first of June, 54 FLORA OF GTlAND RAPinS. MYRICACEAE. Swkkt-Galk Famh.v. MYRICA 1.. Bayhkrry. Wax-Myktle. CoDijitonia Banks. 436. M. asplenifolia L. Sweet Fern, O. percgrina (L.) Coult. Moist sandy or gravelly soil; local. June. Along the roads north of East St. Pinery; roadside west of Buck Lake (Miss Lora A.Smith). SALICACEAE. Willow Family. POPULUS L. POI'LAR. ASPKN. 437. P. AL15A L. White Poplar. Abele. Escaped to roadsides; occasional. First of May. 438. P. balsamifera L. Balsam Poplar. Banks of streams; occasional. First of May. Rouge Kiver; Thornapple River; Carlton Creek; West Bridge St. Ferry. The trunk attains a diameter of 12 inches. P. balsamifera candicans Gray. Balm of Gilead. Occasional in cultivation. First of May. Much of what is called balm of Gilead in cultivation, is the species, P. dilatata Ait. Lombardy Poplar. A tree commonly planted for ornament. It occasionally spreads by sending up shoots from subterranean parts. 439. P. grandidentata Michx, Large-toothed Aspen. Woods and borders of marshes; common. April. 440. P. monilifera Ait. Cotton-wood. Necklace Poplar.. P. deltoides Marsh. Banks of streams and low ground; occasional. Mid-April-Mid- May. Mill Creek; Rouge River; Reed's Lake, and elsewhere. On the bank of the Thornapple River, near Cascade Springs, there is a tree which sprang up on a newly formed sand-bar in CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 55 1855, and now has a diameter of 3 feet. On an island in the same river, near the Cascade and Caledonia line, stands a tree a little over 60 years old, which was measured in 1897 by Carl Johnson, and found to have a circumference of 12 feet, 8 inches (C.F.Holt). 441. P. treinuloides Michx. American Aspen. Woods and marshes; common. April. SALIX L. Willow. Osiee. 442. S. ALBA viTJELLiNA Koch. White Willow. Originally from Europe. Mid-May. 443. S. amygdaloidcs Anders. Along streams and in marshes; frequent. Mid-May-Mid-June. There are trees about Reed's Lake which have a diameter of 18 inches. Pistillate and staminate flowers in the same catkin have been found on trees which grow in the marsh between Reed's Lake and Fisk Lake. 444. S. Candida Fluegge, Hoary Willow. Common in sphagnous bogs. Mid-April-Mid-May. 445. S. Candida x cordata Bebb. Low ground; occasional. Mid- April-Mid-May. Orchid Swamp; Plaster Creek; Mud Lake, Wright. 440. S. cordata Muhl. Heart-leaved Willow. In wet soil; common. Mid-April-Mid-May. Narrow leaved forms are common, 447. S. discolor Muhl. Glaucous Willow. Common in marshes. April. 448. S. glaucophylla Bebb. Along streams; occasional. Mid- April-Mid-May. East St. at Coldbrook Creek and at Silver Creek; Plaster Creek at Burton Ave, 449. S. humilis Marsh. Prairie Willow. Common in dry soil. April. 50 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. 150. S. longifolia Muhl. S.f.Ktuatilh Nutt. Wet places; common. Mid-May-Mid-June. 451. S. lucida Miihl. Shining Willow. Common along streams and in swamps; variable. Mid-May. 4r)'J. S. myrtilloides L. Myrtle Willow. Sphagnous bogs; frequent. Mid-May. 453. S. nigra Marsh. Black Willow. Common along streams and low shores. Mid-May. The trunks of trees about Reed's Lake often attain a diameter of 18 inches. 454. S. petiolaris Smith. Petioled Willow. Common in low ground. Mid-April-Mid-May. 455. S. PURPUREA L. Purple Willow. A native of Europe. Often cultivated as a basket willow. Mid- April-Mid-May. In 1887 this willow was planted on the west bank of Rouge River, just below the Plaintield Village Bridge. A fire destroyed a part of the patch, and since then, it has been allowed to grow without attention. It is a shrub 5-10 feet high; twigs flexible and purple; leaves oblanceolate, serrulate, somewhat glaucous beneath; aments appearing before the leaves; scales purple (II.W.Hyser). 45G. S. rostrata Richardson. S. Bebhiana Sarg, In moist or dry soil; common. Mid-April-Mid-May. Pistillate and staminate flowers in the same calkin are frequent, 457, S. sericea Marsh. Silky W^illow. Low ground; frequent. Mid-April. BETULACEAE. Birch Family. ALNUS Gaertn. Alder. 458. A. incana Willd. Speckled or Hoary Alder. Swamps and near streams; common. April. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 57 BETULA L. Birch. 469, B. lenta L. Cherry Birch. Sweet or Black Birch, In wet woods. May. Black Ash Swamp; Burton Ave. Swamp. 460. B. lutea Michx, f. Yellow or Gray Birch, In wet woods. May. Burton Ave. Swamp; Soldiers' Home woods. 461. B. papyrifera Marsh. Paper or Canoe Birch. White Birch, In rich woodlands; rare. May, There is one tree on the Farm of J. Sheldon, Sec, 2, Walker (CharlesMcCarty) ; on West Bridge St,, near the Ferry, there is one other. 462. B. pumila L. Low Birch. Swamp and low ground; common, Mid-May-June. CARPiNUS L, Hornbeam, Iron-wood, 463. C. Caroliniana Walt. American Hornbeam. Blue or Wat- er Beech, Along banks of streams; common. May, CORYLUS L, Hazel-nut. Filbert. 464. C, Americana Walt, Wild Hazel-nut. Common in thickets. Last of March-April, OSTRYA Scop, Hop-Hornbeam. Iron-wood. 465. O. Virginica Willd, American Hop-Hornbeam, Lever-wood, O. Virginiana (Mill,) Willd. Rich woods and ravines; frequent. Last of April-Mid-May. FAGACEAE. Beech Family. FAQUS L. Beech. 466. F. ferruginea Ait. American Beech, F. Americana Sweet. Often forming groves with hard maple. May. 58 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. QUERCUS L. Oak. 467. Q. alba L. White Oak. Uplands; common. May. 40tf. Q. bi::olor Willd. Swamp White Oak. Q. platiDioldts (Lam.) Sudw. Low ground; common. Mid-ilay. A large tree. 409. Q. coccinea Wang. Scarlet Oak. Sterile soil; not infrequent. Mid-May. 470. Q. macrocarpa Michx. Bur Oak. Over- or Mossy-cup Oak. Rich soil; frequent. Last of May. 471. Q. Muhlenbergii Engelm. Yellow Oak. Chestnut-Oak. Q. acuminata (Michx.) Sarg. Rich woods; occasional. Mid-May. 472. Q. prinoides Willd. Dwarf Chestnut-Oak. Dry sandy soil; infrequent. Mid-May. Hills about Lamberton Lake (O.IL); east bank of Grand River at Grand Island; abundant along the road, east of Plainfield Ave., one mile north of the Knapp Road. A shrub 2-4 feet high. 473. Q. rubra L. Red Oak. Sandy soil; common. Mid-May. A large tree, 474. 0. velutina Lam. (Q. tinctoria Bartram. Black Oak.) Uplands; common. Last of May, The acorns are exceedingly variable in all our species. ULMACEAE. Elm Family. CELTIS L. Nettle-tree. Hackberry. 475. C. occidentalis L. Hackberry. Sugarberry. Alluvial soil; frequent along Grand River. Mid-April. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 59 ULMUS L. Elm. 476. U. Americana L. White or American Elm. Common o.i rich soil or low ground. April. 477. U. fulva Michx. Slippery or Red Elm. Rich moist soil; frequent. April. 478. U. racemosa Thomas. Cork or Rock Elm. Hill-slopes and low ground along rivers; frequent. First of May. MORACEAE. Mulberry Family. CANNABIS L. Hemp. 479. C. SATiVA L. Hemp. Waste ground; frequent. Summer. A native of Europe and Asia. MUMULUS L. Hop. 480. H. Lupulus L. Common Hop. Banks of streams and railroad embankments; frequent. July. MACLURA Xutt. T(hL'ijli.>u, Raf. M. aurantiaca Nutt. Osage Orange. T. pomiferum Raf. It does not escape far from hedges, scarcely naturalized. First of June. MORUS L. Mulberry. 48 L M. rubra L. Red Mulberry. Alluvial soil; occasional. June. Along Grand River at Plainfield Village, Ada Village, West Bridge St. Ferry, Grand ville; Cascade Springs; Plaster Creek. Birds eagerly seek the fruit which is ripe in July. URTICACEAE. Nettle Family. BOEHMERIA Jacq. False Nettle. 482. B. cylindrica Willd. Moist shaded ground; common. July-Sept. 60 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. LAPORTEA (iaud. Woou-Nkttlk. Urtlaislnim Fubr. 483. L. Canadensis Gaud. U. dliHtricatiini (L.) Kuntze. Common in low woods. July-Sept. PILEA Lindl. KiciiwKKD. Clearweed. Adi'cea Raf, 484. P. pumila Gray, Richweed. Clearweed. Moist woodlands. Common. July-Sept. URTICA L. Nettle. 485. U. gracilis Ait. Common. July-Aug. SANTALACEAE. Sandalwood Family. COMANDRA Nutt. Bastard Toad-flax. 486. C. umbellata Nutt. Dry soil, fields, and copses; common. May-June. "Indifferently parasitic on roots." ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Birthwort Family. ASARUM L. AsARABACCA. Wild Ginger. 487. A. Canadense L. In rich moist woods and ravines; frequent. May. POLYQONACEAE. Buckwheat Family. FAQOPYRUM Gaertn. Buckwheat. 488. F. esculentum Moench. Buckwheat. jP. Fagopyrwm (L.) Karst. Persists in fields after cultivation. Aug. POLYGONELLA Michx. 489. P. articulata Meisn. In dry sand; infrequent. Aug.-Sept. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 61 Silver Lake; Bostwick Lake; Little Bostwick Lake. Abundant at these stations. It grows sparingly on the bluffs along the Upper River Road. POLYGONUM L. Kxotwked. 490. P. acre HBK. Water Smartweed. P. punctatuin Ell. Wet places; frequent. Aug.-Sept. 49L P. amphibium L. In shallow water; frequent and variable. June-Aug. 492. P. aviculare L. Knot-grass. Door-weed. Common. Aug. -Oct. 493. P. cilinode Michx. Copses; frequent. July-Sept. 494. P. CoNvoT.vuLus L. Black Bindweed. Common in waste or cultivated ground. July-Oct. 495. P. erectum L. Common. Aug.-Sept. 496. P. Hartwrightii Gray. In wet soil; infrequent. Aug.-Sept. Wood Lake; Crooked Lake; G. R. & I. Ry., south of Burton Ave.; Miller's Lake. 497. P. Hydropiper L. Common Smartweed or Water-Pepper. Low ground; common. Aug.-Sept. 498. P. hydropiperoides Michx. Mild Water-Pepper. Low places; common. Aug.-Sept. 499. P. incarnatum Ell. (P. lapathifolium incarnatum Wation.) In wet soil. Aug.-Sept. Grand River at Grand Island (O.H.); Plainfield Village; Miller's Lake. 500. P. lapathifolium L. Frequent along river banks. July-Sept. 62 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIUS. 601. P. littorale Link. Freqiu III in \v;isU' places. Au<.:,-Sept. i'OniK'rlv iiicIu(lL'. Starwokt. Alui/ic L. 549. S. longifolia .Mulil. Long-leaved Stitchwort. Common in low grouiid. June-Jnly. 550. S. MEDIA Cyrill. Common Chickweed. Fields and gardens; common. This little plant may be found in flower every month of the year. Its stamens during the cold weather are generally reduced in number. NYMPHAEACEAE. Watkr Lily Family. BRASENIA Schreb. Watkr-Shield. 561. B. peltata Pursh. B. ijyirpurea (Michx.) Casp. In lakes; frequent. Aug. NUPHAR Sibth. & Smith. Yellow^ Fond-Lily. Spatter-Dock. Nymphaea L. 552. N. advena R. Br. In shallow muddy water of lakes; common. Summer. NYMPHAEA L. Water-Nymph. Water-Lily. Castalia Salisb. 653. N. odorata Ait. Sweet-scented Water-Lily. The rootstocks in Crooked Lake are not tuber bearing (O.H.). Summer. 554. N. tuberosa Paine. Tuber-bearing Water-Lily. In ponds and slow streams; frequent. Summer. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 69 CERATOPHYLLACEAE. IIornwokt Family. CERATOPHYLLUiV^ L. Horxwoht. 555. C. demersum L. Aquatic; common in lakes. It has not been found in fruit here. MAGNOLIACEAE. Magnolia Family. LIRIODENDRON L. Tilip-tree. 556. L. Tulipifera L. Moist woods; scarce. First of June. Mill Creek woods; Reed's Lake; Bcrger Creek; East St. Pinery; West Bridge St. Formerly frequent but clearing and draining have made tlio soil drier, so tliat tliere are tew young trees at present. ANONACEAE. Custard-Apple Family. ASIMINA Adans. North Americax Papaw. 557. A. triloba Dunal Common Papaw. In moist or dry soil; occasional. Mid-May. Frequent at the following stations: Grand River; Thornapple River; Plaster Creek; on the hills in Gaines and Jamestown. It has been found as far north as Ballards and this is jirobably its northern limits. It is a shrub 7-15 feet high, growing in clumps, and producing large, sweet, edible fruits which the frosts ripen. RANUNCULACEAE. Crowfoot Family. ACTAEA L. BaxefiErry. Cohosh. 558. A. alba Mill. White Baneberry. Rich moist woods; infrequent. May. 559. A. spicata rubra Ait. Red Baneberry. Found with the preceding species; frequent. May. 70 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. ANEMONE li. Ankmonk. W'ind-i i.owkr. otiu. A. acutiloba L:i\vs. ( I IcjKilic.i acutiloba Z>C.) Ilepdtlai acuta (Pursh) Dritloii. Frcquc-nt in beech :ine8 are found. uGl. A. cylindrica (Iray. Long-fruited Anemone. Dry sterile soil; frequent. Last of June-July. 502. A. Canadensis L. (A. Pennsylvanica i.) Low ground; common. June-Aug. 563. A. Hepatica L. (llepatica trilo])a Chaix. Liver-leaf.) Ihputlca IhpatliM (L.) Karst. Frequent in oak woods, April-Mid-May. 564. A. qiiinquefolia L. Wind-flower. Wood Anemone. Hillsides, moist woodlands, and boggy marshes; frequent. Last of April-May. A. nemorasa L. is the European species. 5G5. A, thalictroides L. Rue-Anemone. Sijndesrnon titaUctroides (L.) Hoffmg. In moist oak woods; infrequent. May. Abundant in the woods of Mrs. ]\Iaria Williams, Sec. 4, Paris; Vergennes; Alpine; Walker. A pretty sj)ring species with white flowers often tinged with pink. It is frequently mistaken for Isopyrum, from which it chiefly differs in its involucral leaves, tuberous roots, and umbellate flowers. 56G. A. Virginiana L. Light soil, fields, and copses; frequent. Last of June-July. Plants with larger flowers, petals white and obtuse are occasional. AQUILEGIA L. Columi!1ne. 567. A. Canadensis L. Wild Columbine. Open hillsides, ravines, and edges of low ground; frequent. Mid- May-June. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 71 CALTHA L. Maesii Marigold. 568. C. palustris L. Wet meadows and swamps; common. Mid-April-May. CLEMATIS L. Virgin 's-Boweb. 569. C. Virginiana L. Common Virgin's-Bower. Banks of streams, thickets, and along railroad embankments; common. July-Aug. COPTIS Salisb. Goldthread. 570. C. trifolia Salisb, Three-leaved Goldthread. Low cold woods; frequent, Mid-May. East St. Pinery; Cedar Swamp; Mud Lake, Wright; Burton Ave. Swamp; Hudsonville Swamp; Sec. 25, Jamestown; Pine Island Lake; Mill Creek woods. HYDRASTIS Ellis. Oraxge-root. Yellow Puccoon. 571. H. Canadensis L, Goldenseal, Rich moist woods; scarce. May. Only a few plants at any station, but well distributed, ISOPYRUM L. 572. I. biternatum Torr. & Gray. Abundant m beech and maple woods. Mid-April-May. It is often mistaken for Anemone quinquefolia from which it differs in its tuberous thickened, fibrous roots, alternate leaves, and few seeded fruit. NIGELLA L. N. Damascexa L. Fennel-flower, Spontaneous in gardens; rarely escapes. Summer. RANUNCULUS L. Crowfoot. Buttercup. 573. R. abortivus L. Small-flowered Crowfoot. Moist soil; common. May-June. 72 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. 574. R. ACRis L. Tall Crowfoot or Uuttorcup. In waste places. June. {Scattered along the railroads soutli of the City: C. & W. M. and L. S. & M. S. (K. E. :Mattt'S(>n); D. G. K. & W. Ry. at First Ave. (O.Ii); North Park Street Railway, near Sweet St., City. Recently introduced. 575. R. circinatus Sibth. Stiff Water-Crowfoot. JBatrachiuin divuricaturn (Schrank) Wimm. Frequent in shallow water. June-Oct. 57(i. R. fascicularis Muhl. Early Crowfoot. In dry sandy soil. Mid-April-May. Common east and soutli of the City. 577. R. multifidus Pursh. Yellow Water-Crowfoot. It. ihlpliinifolius Torr. In ponds and slow streams; becoming infrequent. Mid-April-May. Perennial by rooting from the nodes of floating stems after flowering. 578. R. multifidus terrestris Gray. Muddy banks of pools; rare. In May, 1891, plants were collected a little south of Plaster Creek, just west of Madison Ave. (Edward Raiguel). No herbarium specimen. 579. R. Pennsylvanicus L. f. Bristly Crowfoot. Marshes and wet places along streams; frequent. July-Aug. 580. R. recurvatus Poir. Hooked Crow^foot. Rich woods and ravines; frequent. May-June, 581. R. sceleratus L. Cursed Crowfoot. Swamps, ditches, and low ground; common and variable. Last of May- June. 582. R. septentrionalis Poir. Moist soil; frequent and variable. May-June. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 73 The early form is almost smooth, and blooms near the first of May. About two weeks later a taller, stouter, hairier form comes into flower; growing in wetter places, with larger flowers. THALICTRUM L. Meadow-Rue. 583. T. dioicum L. Early Meadow-Rue. Moist banks and ravines; common. Mid-April-Mid-May. 584. T. purpurascens L. Purplish Meadow-Rue. Common in wet meadows. Summer. BERBERIDACEAE. Barberry Family. BERBERIS L. Barberry. 585. B. vulgaris L. Common Barberry. Occasionally found near old gardens. Last of May-Mid-June. CAULOPHYLLUM Michx. Blue Cohosh. 580. C. thalictroides Michx. Pappoose-root. Moist rich soil, ravines, and woods; common. April-May. JEFFERSONIA Barton. Twix-leaf. SST. J. diphylla Pers. Rheumatism-root. Rich moist woods; rare. Mid-April. Reed's Lake woods (O.H.). In the seventies, it grew in the woods along Plaster Creek, south of Hall St. (Miss Annah M. Clark). PODOPHYLLUM L. May-Apple. Mandrake. 588. P. peltatum L. Common in rich soil. First of June. MENiSPERMACEAE. Mooxseed Family. MENISPERMUM L. Moonseed. 589. M. Canadense L. Moist woods and thickets; frequent. Mid- June. 74 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. LAURACEAE. LAiuKr. Famh.v. LINDERA 'I'liuiil*. Wn.i> Am-si-ick. Fkver-bush. lieiizoin Fabric. 590. L. Benzoin Blunie. Spiee-bush, Benjamin-biisli. A bushy slirub in low woods; frequent. Last of April. In Gaines this species grows on dry ridges and is the companion of the ].apaw. SASSAFRAS Nees. Sassafras. 591. S. officinale Noes. S. SiiHsafras (L.) Karst. Hillsides and woods in sandy soil; common. May. Usually a shrub or small tree, it occasionally reaches a diameter of 12 inches and 40 feet in height. A highly ornamental small tree. PAPAVERACEAE. Poppy Family. CHELIDONIUM L. Celandine. C. ma.ius L. Celandine. Spontaneous for fifteen years or more on the premises of Dr. Shafer, Lyon St., City (B.E.L.). June. PAPAVER L. Poppy. P. KiioKAs L. Field, Red or Corn Poppy. Persists from self-sown seeds for a few seasons in or near gar- dens. Summer. SANQUINARIA L. Blood-root. 592. S. Canadensis L. Common in moist rich soil. April, STYLOPHORUM Nutt. Celandine Poppy. 593. S. diphyllum Nutt. Moist beech and maple woods; infrequent. Mid-May-June. Jamestown; Byron; Alpine; Carlisle, and elsewhere. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 75 FUMARIACEAE. Fumitory Family. ADLUMIA Raf. Climbing Fumitory. 594. A. cirrhosa Raf. A. fungosa (Ait.) Greene. Reported from Grand Rapids previous to 1880 (Miss Mary H. Clark). In the U. of M. Herbarium. CORYDALIS Vent. Capnoides Adans. 595. C. glauca Pursh. Pale Corydalis. C: sempervirens (L.) Borck. Two jjlanta were found in Burton Ave. Swamp near the "old saw-mill" (M.&C), June 20, 1897. D[CENTRA Bcrnh. Dutchman's Breeches. liicuridla Adans. 590. D. Canadensis Walp. Squirrel Corn. Frequent in beech and maple woods. Mid-April-Mid-May. 597. D. Cucullaria Bernh. Dutchman's Breeches. Frequent in moist rich woods. Mid-April-Mid-May. CRUCIFERAE. Mustard Family. ALYSSUM L. 598. A. CALYCINUM L. A. alyssoides (L.) Gouan. Waste places and along streets; well established, common in the City. May-June. ARABIS L. Rock Cbess. 599. A. Canadensis L. Sickle-pod. In oak openings and on the edges of fields. Summer. The plants are well distributed but grow singly. 600. A. confinis Watson. A. hrachycarpa (Torr. & Gray) Britton. Dry hillsides; well distributed, but not common, June. 70 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. 001. A. dentata Torn & Gniy. Moist fihaded soil. May-June. Bank of C4raiul River at tlie Soldiers' Home (Prof.C.F.Wheeler); Indian iSlounds (S.E.Iviiapi)en). OOii. A. hirsuta Scop. Dry soil; rare. Summer. Near Lamberton Lake (0,11); River Road, south of Fenness Lake. 603. A. laevigata Poir. "Wooded hillside at the east end of Reed's Lake. Local. May- June. 604. A. lyrata L. Common in oak openings. May-July. 605. A. perfoliata Lam. Tower Mustard. A. (jldbra (L.) Bernh. In fields. June-July. Frequent and well distributed south of the City. BARBAREA. R. Br. Wixter Cress. B. stricta Andrz. This species has appeared in the vineyard of H. C. Smith, Sec. 8, Alpine, in 1899 and 1900. May. 606. B. vulgaris R. Br. Yellow Rocket, Common Winter Cress. B. Barbarea (L.) JVIacM. Becoming; frequent in wet j)laces. May-June, BRASSICA L. Mustard. 607. B. AL15A Boiss. White Mustard. Sinajyis alba L, Waste places; occasional. Summer. 608. B. CAMPESTRis L. Turnip. Persists in fields after cultivation. Summer. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 77 009, B. JUNCEA Cosson. Untilled ground; scarce. June- July. South Division St., at the D. G. R. & W. Ry. Crossing, City (O.H.), 1896. A weed recently introduced into this country. Native of Asia. CIO. B. NIGRA Koch. Black Mustard, A common weed. Summer, Gil. B. SiNAPisTRUM Boiss. English Charlock. B. arvensis (L.) B.S.P. A coarse troublesome weed in grain fields; increasing. Summer. Lower Swing Bridge; Jefferson Ave,, near Silver Creek, City; near the Soldiers' Home; Jenison. CAMELINA Crantz. False Flax. 612. C. SATiVA Crantz. Fields and roadsides; becoming frequent. Mid-May-June. CAPSELLA Medic. Shepherd's Purse. Bursa Weber. 613. C. BuRSA-PASTORLS Mcdic. A common weed. Summer. CARDAMINE L. Bitter Cress. 614. C. flexuosa (With.) Wood. Wet woods and shallow streams; frequent. May- June. This species and the two following take the place of C. hirsuta L. in the Michigan Flora of 1892. 015, C. parviflora L. In wet places. May, GIG. C. Pennsylvanica Mulil. In wet ground; frequent. May, 617. C. pratensis L. Cuckoo Flower. Moist meadows and lake borders; infrequent. May. » Reed's Lake; Fisk Lake; Orchid Swamp; Burton Ave. Swamp; Lambevton Lake reirion. 78 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. New i)lants are propagated by the dropjiiiig of the leaflets, or by the rooting of the leatletH whicli lie close to the ground. On the upper side of tlie base of the leaf, a little bud ai)pear8 which forms a stem; this sends out rootlets and a new plant is formed. CIS. C. purpurea (Torr.) IJritton. Pur])le C'resa. Wet woods; conuuon. Mid-April-Mid-May. Ciy. C. rhomboidea DC. Spring Cress. a bulhosa (Schreb.) li.S.P. Wet places; common. Mid-May. DENTARIA L. Tooth wort, Pkitku-root. 620. D. dtphylla Michx. Crinkle-root. liich wet soil; frequent. Mid-April-Mid-May. 621. D. laciniata Muhl. Moist wooded ground; common. Mid-April-Mid-May. The typical form has whorled leaves, and leaflets sharply tooth- ed. Growing with this are forms with alternate, rather long- petioled leaves; also forms with leaves opposite. DIPLOTAXiS DC. D. MURALis DC. Sand Rocket, Spontaneous on the premises of F. Skeels, corner of Jefferson Ave. and Burton Ave., City. (O.H.), Summer, Seeds were taken from here and sown in the Botanical Garden of M.A.C. It spread rapidly and was soon found throughout the Garden. DRABA L. Whitlow-Grass, 622. D. Caroiiniana Walt. Sandy fields; abimdant. April. Hillsides about Lamberton Lake; untilled ground north-east and south of the City. ERYSIMUM L, Treacle Mustard. E. asperum DC, Western Wall-flower, A few specimens have been collected in a meadow along South CATALOGUE OP PLANTS. 79 Division St., Sec. 19, Paris (Le Grande Albee), June, 1900. Adventive. 623. E. cheiranthoides L. Worm-seed Mustard. Along streams; occasional. Summer. Grand River at Grand Island, Ada Village; Rouge River at Plainlield Village. LEPIDIUM L. Pepperavoet. Peppergkass. 624. L. intermedium Gray. X. apeldlnm Willd. Common along roads. June-Oct. 625. L. Virginicum L. Wild Peppergrass. A common roadside weed. June-Oct. NASTURTIUM R. Br. Water-Cress. Raripa Scop. 626. N, Armoracia Fries. Horseradish. Escaped from gardens; frequent in wet places. May-June. 627. N. lacustre Gray. Lake Cress. 7?. Americana (Gray) Britton. Found growing near the Glue Factory; scarce. Summer. The lower leaflets drop off and take root. 628. N. OFFICINALE R. Br. True Water-Cress. B. Nasturtium (L.) Rusby. Frequent in brooks. Summer. 629. N. palustre DC. Marsh Cress. Common in wet places. Summer. 630. N. palustre hispidum Gray. E. hispida (Desv.) Britton. Same location as the preceding species; frequent. Summer. 631. N. STLVESTRE R. Br, Yellow Cress. Untilled ground. Mid- June- July. Well established in 1899 in the "tree nursery" of John Ball Park, City (Dr. Helen E. Brown). Probably recently introduced. 80 FLORA OF GRAND RAPTDS. RAPHANUS L. G31.'. R. rtAi'iiANisTriiM L. Willi Radish. .I<)iutor.K Mustard. 033. S. canesccns Xutt. Tansy Mustard. Sojthin plnnata (Walt.) IJritton. Untilled ground; local. May-June. Along the River Road at Berger Creek; Grandville Road at the C. tfe W. M. Ry. Crossing (R.K.i\[atte8on). S. Irio ]v. There are several large clumps in a meadow along South Divi- sion St., Sec. 19, Paris, June, 1900. Introduced from Europe. It has aijpeared in the United States in a few places along the Atlantic coast in ballast. 634, S. OFFICINALE Scop. Hedge Mustard. A common weed. June-Oct. CAPPARIDACEAE. Cai>er Family. CLEOME L. 635. C. integrifolia Torr & Gray. (J. serruhtta Pursli. Since 1895, it has maintained itself on dumi)ing-ground at the corner of Sherman St. and Union St., City (M. tfeC). Summer. Introduced from the West. POLANISIA Raf. 630. P. graveolens Raf, Dry gravelly l>luffs of Scotch Creek (H.W.Hyser). Rare. July, CATALOGUE OP PLANTS. 81 SARRACENIACEAE. Pitcher-Plant Family. SARRACENIA L. Side-saddlk Flower. 637. S. purpurea L. Side-Haddle Flower. Huntsman's Cup. In sphagnum. June. Abundant at Bronner Lake; Stafford Lake; Carmody Lake; Mud Lake, Plainfield; Mud Lake, Wright; Morgan Lake, and elsewhere. A curious and most interesting plant; its leaves are used to cap- ture insects; its flowers are particularly adapted to secure cross- fertilization by insects. DROSERACEAE. Sundew Family. DROSERA L. Sundew. 638. D. intermedia Americana DC. Sphagnous bogs; occasional. July. Round Lake (Allen Wolcott); Miller's Lake; Frawley Lake; Carmody Lake. 639. D. rotundifolia L. Round-leaved Sundew. Sphagnous bogs; frequent. July. The plants in this genus are insectivorous. CRASSULACEAE. Orpine Famiby. PENTHORUM L. Ditch Stone-crop. 640. P. sedoides L. In low wet places; common. Aug.-Sept. SEDUM L. Stone-crop. Orpine. 641. S. ACRE L. Mossy Stone-crop. Escaped from cultivation to roadsides near dwellings; occa- sional, June. 642. S. Telephium L. Live-for-ever. Garden Orpine. Sparingly escaped from gardens to roadsides. Aug.-Sept. 82 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. SAXIFRAGACEAE. Saxikragk Family. CHRYSOSPLENIUM F.. Golden SAxn-RAfiE. G43. C. Aniericanum Schwein. Ill citld springy places; infrequent. April-May. Plaster Creek near the Paris 'J'owii Hall: lludsciiivillo Swamp; Burton Ave. Swamp. HEUCHERA L. Alum-koot. C44. li. Americana L. Common Alum-root. Shaded ])anks and hillsides; nowhere abundant, but well dis- tributed. jVI id-June-Mid-July. MITELLA L. Mitbe-wokt. Bishop's-Cap. 645. M. diphylla L. Common in rich moist woods. May. 640. M. nuda L. In deep cold woods; local. May. Burton Ave. Swamp (Bernard Nichols); Cedar Swamp; Sec. 25, Jamestown; Hudsonville Swamp. PARNASSIA L. Grass of Parnassus. 647. P. Caroliniana Michx. In bogs and springy places; frequent. Aug. SAXIFRAQA L. SaxifbacxK. 648. S. Pennsylvanica L. Swamp Saxifrage. In swamps and on wet banks; common. May. GROSSULARIACEAE. Gooseberry Family. RIBES L. Currant. Goosederby. 649. R. aureum Pursh. Buffalo or Missouri Currant. Persistent near old gardens. May. 650. R. Cynosbati L, Gooseberry. In moist shaded places; common. May. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 83 65 L R. floridum L'Her. Wild Black Currant. Common in low ground. May. 652. R. oxyacanthoides L, Swamp Gooseberry. In wet woods; frcqnenl. May. 653. R. rubrum L. Ked Currant. Cold bogs and deep swamps, associated with tamaracks and ai-- bor-vitae; infrequent. May. Burton Ave. Swamp; Cedar Swamp; Sec. 25, Jamestown; Hitd- sonville Swamp; Sees. 30 and 31, Byron. The parent of our cultivated currant. It grows everywhere in this latitude. KAMAMELIDACEAE. Witch-Hazel Family. HAMAMELiS L. Witch-Hazel. 654. li. Virginiana L. Common on hillsides and in moist woods. Oct.. It closes the season of flowering plants. On warm dry days in October the inner coat of the seed-pod bursts with a quick, sharp report and the seeds are often thrown several feet, thus engaging in a lively fusilado. PLATANACEAE. Plank-trke Family. PLATANUS L. Sycamore. Bitttoxwooo. 655. P. occidentalis L. Frequent along streams. May. "The largest tree of the Atlantic forests." — Sargent. ROSACEAE. P.osK Fam.i.v. AQRIMONIA L. Agkimonv. 656. A. hirsuta (Muhl.) Bicknell. (A. Eupatoria L.) Frequent in woods and thickets. July-Aug. 657. A. mollis (Torr. & Gray) Britton. Found growing with the preceding. .July-Se)>t. 84 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. 658. A. parviflora Solatul. Small-flowered Agrimony, In moist or«iry soil; occasional. July-Sept. FRAGARIA L. STUAwni:uKY. 659. F. Americana (J'orter) Hrition. (F. vesca Americana Porter.) Moist woods. May. Soldiers' Home woods; Gillon's woods. Sec. 25, Byron; near Fisher Station; Caledonia Village. Abundant northward in the State. 660. F. Virginiana Duchesne. Copses and meadows; abundant. May, The variety Illinoensis Gray is included in the species. QEUM L. Avens. 661. Q. album Gniel. G. (Janadense Jacq. Moist soil; common. Mid-May-.July. 662. Q, rivale L. Water or Purple Avens. Not uncommon in wet soil. May. 663. Q. strictum Ait. Common in moist meadows. .July-Mid-Aug. 664. Q. triflorum Pursh. (r. (■llliit.iin> Pursh. Sterile soil. May 15-30. In the summer of 1900 several small patches were discov- ered, scattered along a "wood-road," on the east side of the S. E. ^ of the N. W. i of Sec. 15, Cascade. Mrs. Keziah Livingston, a pioneer settler, reports this species as having been abundant in 1842 on dry gravelly soil, south of Burton Ave., between East St. and South Division St., and as having gradually disappeared after settlements began. But af- terwards no trace of it was found by botanists until 1897 when Miss .Tennie Livingston found a patch containing about one hun- CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 85 dred plants, on the bluffs of Plaster Creek, east of Madison Ave. This was destroyed in the autumn of 1898 when the land was cleared and cultivated. It has been reported only from two other localities in the State. 665. Q. Virginianum L. Common in moist soil. Summer. NEILLIA D. Don. Nine-bark. Opulaster Medic. 666. N. opulifolia Benth. & Hook. A shrub; common along streams. June. Its recurved branches, clusters of white flowers, and reddish seed-pods render it ornamental. POTENTILLA L. Cinque-foil. Five-finger. 667. P. argentea L. Silvery Cinque-foil. A weed forming large patches to the exclusion of grass on light soil; common. Summer. 668. P. arguta Pursh. Light soil. June. A stiff plant, growing in small patches, but well distributed, flowers white. P. fruticosa L. Shrubby Cinque-foil. Common on swamp borders and in low meadows. Summer. 670. P. Norvegica L. P. Monspeliensis L. Common in damp soil of fields. July -Oct. 67 L P. palustris Scop. Marsh Five-Finger. Comarmn jyolustre L. In swamps and sphagnous bogs; well distributed, but nowhere abundant. July-Aug. 672. P. simplex Michx, (P. Canadensis L.) Common in fields. Mav-July. rtt) FLORA OF GRAxN'D KAPIDS. ROSA 1.. K'osK. (•7o. R. bianda Ait. Occasional nuitli nud «';tst of the C'ity, Mid-iMay- June. it growfci on liigii cl.iy l:in77. R. HUBitiiNosA L. ;Sweeti>rier. Roadsides and thickets; freijuent. June-July. RUBUS L. TiK.v.MHi.K. t»78. R. Canadensis L. Dewberry. Low Blackberry. Common and troublesome in dry sandy soil. June. Fruit large and juicy. o7{*, R. hispidus L. Running Swamp Blackberry. Abundant on the margins of swamps. June. 680. R. neglectus Peck. Intermediate between J?, occidentalis and ^. strigosxis, and oft- en grows with them; infrequent. June. Abundant in woods, west of Bowen Station along the D. G. R. & W. Ry.; Farm of H. C. Smith, Sec. 8, Alpine; north of Round Lake (Prof. R. H. Wolcott); Kalamazoo Ave. at Burton Ave. (M.ifeC); Soldiers' Home. 681. R. occidentalis L. Black Raspberry. Thimbleberry. Common on uplands. June. It oft-en extends into the edges of marshes and grows with CATALOGUE OP PLANTS. 87 R. striffostcs. The white berried variety is spontaneous on and about Oak Hill Farm, Sec. 32, Vergennes, where the birds have scattered the seeds from the garden. 682. R. setosus Bigel. In damp or marshy ground; not infrequent. June. 683. R. strigosus Michx. Wild Red Raspberry, In thickets and low ground; common and variable. June. 684. R. triflorus Richards. Dwarf Raspberry. H. Americanus (Pers.) Britton. Not uncommon in moist rich woods. May. 685. R. villosus Ait. Common or High Blackberry. In woods and thickets; common. Mid- June-Mid- July. The blackberry of the markets. SPIRAEA L. Meadow-Swekt. 686. S. lobata Jacq. Queen of the Prairie. Ulmaria rubra Hill. Marshes; rare. July. M. C. Ry. and G. R. &, I. Ry., south of Burton Ave.; Feakin's Marsh (O.H.). A perennial herb with panicles of feathery, rose- colored flowers, often seen in cultivation. 687. S. salicifolia L. Common Meadow-Sweet. A common shrubby plant in marshes. July-Aug. 688. S. tomentosa L. Hardback. Steeple-Bush. A low shrub on the edges of marshes and lakes; infrequent. July-Aug. Abundant about Soft Water Lake; Silver Lake; Campau Lake; Laraway Lake. WALDSTEINIA Willd. 689. W. fragarioides Tratt. Barren Strawberry. Moist beech and maple woods. May. This species came under the personal observation of the writei 88 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. in 1890 and 'i»l, but unfortunately no Rj)CcimenH wero preserved, and the stations wore not notey Dr. Wright is in the U.of M. Herbarium. L. usiTATissiMUM L. Comuion Flax. Untilled ground. ,July-Aug. Spontaneous about the West Michigan Fair Grounds; along the C. & W. M. Ry., south of City (O.H.); Court St., City; along the G. R. & I. Ry. (S.O.L.). 771. L. Virginianum L. In moist shaded ground; infrequent. June-July. Lambcrton Lake region; Crooked Lake region; Vergennes; John Ball Park, City; on the bank of a creek near the school-house on the LTpper River Road. RUTACEAE. Ruk Family. PTELEA L. 772. P. trifoiiata L. Hop-tree. Shrubby Trefoil. Common along streams. June. XANTHOXYLUM L. Prickly Ash. 773. X. Americanum Mill. Northern Prickly Ash. Abundant along streams and in low ground. May. SIMARUBACEAE. Ailanthus Family. AILANTHUS Desf. 774. A. GLANDULOSA Ucsf. Spontaneous about the City from seeds and suckers. Mid-June. POLYGALACEAE, Milkwort Family. POLYGALA L. Milkwort. 775. P. cruciata L. Diamond St. Swamp, City (O.K.), Aug. 12, 1894. Rare. 100 FLORA OP GRAND RAPIDS. 776. P. paucifolia Willd. Fringed Polygala. Moist soil uikUt tamaracks; local. May. Swamps north of Burton Ave., just east of the (». U. & I. Ry., City (B.E.L.); along the south branch of Lambertou C-reck (S.O.L.); Diamond St. Swamp, City (O.il.). A low plant with large rose-purple llowers. 7 7 7. P. poly gama Walt. ]^ight sandy soil; infrequent. -July. John Ball Park and vicinity (O.IL); in fields south of Ilall St. (M.tfcC); Vergennes; Avoods on the hillsides along the Upper River Road. This species bears subterranean flowers which fruit abundantly. 7 78. P. sanguinca L. I^. virldescens L. In moist soil; local. Aug.-Sept. Silver Creek at Hall St. and at East St.(0.1I.); south of Masonic Home; between Kalamazoo Ave. and Burton Ave. (M.ttC); Sec. '62, Vergennes; Campau Lake (Edward Campau). 779. P. Senega L. Seneca Snakeroot. Frequent in tufts on banks. Mid-AIay-Mid-June. Abundant in Orchid Swnimp; banks of Lamberton Creek at the Soldiers' Home; lndi;in Mill Creek. EUPHORBIACEAE. Siuu^jk Family. ACALYFHA L. Tiiuek-sekdkd Mercury. 780. A. Virginica L. Fields; variable and common. Aug.-Sept. EUPHORBIA L. Spruce. 781. E. commutata Engelm. Light soil along the banks of streams; infrequent. May-July. Along Plaster Creek at the Paris Town Hall (Lloyd Ford); at Madison Ave. (Miss Amy Conger); along Sand Creek in Alpine and in Wright (Roy Tucker); Grand River at Plainhcld Village. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 101 782. E. coroliata L. Commo^ in dry saiuly stoil. July-Aug. 783. E. Cyparissias L. Escaped from old i^ardens; frequent. May. 784. E. maculata L. Fields and roadsides; common, July-Oct. E. Feplvs L. 8i»oiitaneous about a hed^e on the premises of D. Skeels, Third Ave., City (O.K.). Aug.-Nov. Escaped from cultivation and becoming occasional in the State. 785. E. Preslii Guss. iJ. mitdus Lag. Infields and neglectLMl ground; common along railroad embank- ments. Aug.-Oct. ANACARDIACEAE. Cashew Family. RHUS L. Sumac. 78('>. R. copallina I.,. Dwarf Sumac. Frequent in light soil on pine land. Last of July-Mid-Aug. Eastern part of Alpine; about Jenison; Cascade Gravel Road; Caledonia; Cannon; Vergennes. 787. R. glabra L. Smooth Sumac. Dry soil; common and variable. Mid- July. A shrub equaling in size R. tijphina. 788. R. Toxicodendron L. Poison Ivy. Poison Oak. li. radicans L. Abundant in moist soil, June. Two forms of stems are common, one climbing by rootlets even to the tops of forest trees with stems several inches in diameter; the other low and trailing. 789. R. typhina L. Staghorn Sumac. 7t. Jiirtu (L.) Sudw. Dry hillsides; frequent. First of July. 102 FT.ORA OF OR AND RAPIDS. It is not uncoinnioii llKit the inlloivsci'iici- of this sj.ocies con- sistR of abortive flowers or oven chaii'^i's to h'aves. TOO. R, venenata Df. Poison Sumac or DoLCwood. A*. I '( /■///.'• L. Fr(M|n('nt in cohl swamps. .Innf. A shrul), hark grayish, leaves bright green, fruit wliite in a |iN raiuiil.il clusliT. ILICINEAE. iioi.i.v Famh.v. ILEX L. 11oi.lv. 791. I. verticillata CJray. Black Alder. Winterberry. Low ground. Last of June. Abundant on the edges of swamps where it is eonspicuousby its bright rod berries in early winter. NEMOPANTHUS Kaf. .Moixtaix Holly. J/irioi(/('s Dnmont. 792. N. fascicuiaris KaL /. mi/cro/K/ta (L.) Kritton. Edges of sphagnous swamps; frequent and well distributed. Mid-May. CELASTRACEAE. Stafk-tkee Family. CELASTRUS L. Staff-tree. SimuBuv Bitter-sweet, The fruit of this genus opens after frosts and discloses a criraaon, pulpy, ariled seed. 793, C, scandens L, Wax-work, Climbing Bitter-sweet. ■ Banks of streams and in moist soil; frequent, Mid-June. EUONYMUS L. Spindle-tree, 794, E. atropurpureus Jacq. Wahoo. Burning-Bush. Alluvial soil; infrequent. June, Grand River at West Bridge St. Ferry (:M.tfeC.); Plainfield CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 103 Village (ll.W.Hysor); Boynton's Landing; woods south of Keed's Lake (JMiss Grace Fyfe). This species was formerly frequent, but it has been dug up and sold for medicinal purposes; now it is chiefly found iu unfi'e- quented places. There are four light colored lines running the length of each intoriiodc of the previous year's growth, and along the lower ones of the present year's growth of which Prof. W. W. Rowlee of Cornell LTniversity says: "These lines are the l)eginniugs of cork wings, and arc unquestionably iden- tical in structure and function with lenticels." It is often culti- vated as an ornamental shrub. 793. E. obovatus Nutt. Kunning Strawberry Bush. Abundant in rich moist woods. ^Mid-May. STAPHYLEACEAE. Bi.adder-nut Family. STAPHYLEA L. Bi.AnDKR-xuT. 790. S. trifolia L. American 13Iadder-nut. Frequent along streams. May. Easily recognized in autumn by its inflated three-angled pods. ACERACEAE. Mxv^a- Family. ACER L. :\[aple. 797. A. Pennsj'Ivanicum T^. Striped Maple. Moist rich woods. ]^,Iid-M ay-Mid-.] une. Burton Ave. Swamp (O.ll.). No herbarium specimen. 798. A. rubrum L. lied or Swamp Maple. Ravines and edges of swamps; common. April. 799. A. saccharinum L. (A. dasycarpum JS'ArA. Silver Maple.) Low woods; common. April, It divides near its base into several trunks, becoming clump- like. "VTier's Maple, so frequently seen on lawns, is a deeply cut leaf foimi of this species. 104 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. 800. A. Saccharum Marsh, liock or Sugar Majilc. Abuiidant in ricli suil. i\Iay. It forms large groves, or is intermingled witli beech. 801. A. Saccharum nigrum Britton. lUack Mai)le. Growing with the species; frequent. JVLiy. It differs from the species in having darker bark; large, broad, shallow-lobcd leaver, pubescent beneath, the sides of which generally droop. 802. A. spicatum l^ani. Mountain Maple. (\ild moist woods with evergreens. ]Mid-May-]\Lid-.Iune. Cedar swamp (WeatherwaxPart); Sec. 25, Jamestown; Sees. .SO and 31, Byron. Abundant at these stations. Common in the northern part of the State, but rare as far south and inlaner. Acer L. 803. N. aceroides Moencli. A. Xuiiindc) L. Alluvial soil. Mid-April. Along Plaster Creek (B.E.L.); banks of Grand River. A small tree extensively planted now as a shade tree in and about the City. ^ BALSAAilNACEAE. JKWKr.-WKKi) Family. IMPATIENS L. Balsam. .JrwEL-WEED. 804. I. aurea Muhl. (I. pallida Nutt. Pale Touch-me-not.) In low woods and along streams, less frequent than the follow- ing species. July-Aug. 805. I. biflora Walt. (I. vulva Nnit. Touch-me-not.) Marshes and banks of streams; common. July-Aug. Corolla often pale yellow. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 105 RHAMNACEAE. Buckthorn Family. CEANOTHUSL. New .Jersey Tea. Red-root. 80G. C. Americanus L. New Jersey Tea, Frequent in oak openings. July. RHAMNUS L. Bucktiiorx. 807. R. alnifolia L'ller. Common in marshes and in low ground. Mid-May-June. VITACEAE. Vine Family. AMPELOPSIS Michx. Virginian Creeper. Pdrthenocissiis (L.) Planch. 808. A. quinquefolia Michx. Woods and thickets; common. July. It climbs by disks mostly. 809. A, quinquefolia vitacea Knerr. P. quinquefolia laciniata Planch. Woods and thickets; common. July. Climbs by tendrils as the grape-vine. VITIS L. Grape. 810. V. bicolor Le Conte. Winter Grape. Frequent on warm sandy hillsides. June. The young shoots and tendrils are generally red. sn. V. vulpina L. (V. riparia Michx.) Abundant along streams. June. The young shoots and tendrils are usually green. Fruit small, glaucous, and pleasant to the taste. TILIACEAE. Linden Family. TILIA L. Linden. Basswood. 812. T. Americana L. Basswood. Linden. Abundant in low rich ground. Mid-July. 106 FLORA OF r.RANn RAPIDS. MALVACEAE. Mam.ow Family. ABUTILON (TniTtii. Indian M allow. yi;]. A. Avit'icNNAi: (tium-Iii. Vclwt-Ieaf. .1. AhutlluH (L.) Kusby. IJanks ol streams ;uiraekish marshes. ISIid-Aug. In 1885 or '86 tliere Avere hundreds oi" plants in the marsh a})Out the Salt Spring (L.S.Livingston). There are only six clumps of ]dants remaining in I'JUO. It is not known to occur el.sewhere within our limits, liare in tlie State. 81.0. H.TuiommL. Bladder Kotmia. Escaped from cultivation. Summer. Salt Spring Marsh (B.E.L.); Ladrave St. at Burton Ave., City (O.ll.). Inei"easiiig in the State. MALVA L. jMai.low. 810, Al. MosciiATA L. Musk Alallow. Waysides, escaped from gardens; occasional. Last of June-Sept. 817. M. uoTUNDiFOLiA L. Common Mallow. Common in waste places. June-Oct. HYPERICACEAE. St. John's-wout Family. HYPERICUM L. St. John's-woet. 818. H. Ascyron L. (treat St. John's-wort. Rich alluvial soil. .July. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 107 Silver Creek at Jeffei-son Ave., City (Mrs. Hattie M. Bailey Pieters); roadside between Sees. 28 and 29, Vergennes; Sand Creek, west line of Sec. 22, Wright; marsh near Laniberton Lake, Sc-c. 8, Gnuid Rapids (S.). Stations remote and plants few. 819. H. Canadense L. Wet sandy soil; infrequent. July-Oct. Near Diamond St. Swamp, City (O.II.); Soft Water Lake; Crooked Lake; Silver Lake; Campau Lake. 820. H. Canadense majus Gray. Frequent in wet soil. July-Aug. 821. H. KahTiianum L. Kalm's St. John's-wort. Moist soil; occasional. July-Aug. Plaster Creek at Burton Ave. and Madison Ave.; Carlton Creek; Belmont; Wood Lake; Silver Lake; Lamberton Lake region; Crooked Lake region. 822. H. maculatum Walt, Banks and woods; common. July-Aug. 823. H. jnatiium L. Moist soil; common. .Tuly-Sept. 824. H. PERFORATUM L. Common St. John's-wort. Pastures and roadsides. July-Aug. A weed becoming too common; the acrid juice is troublesome to grazing animals. S25. Ei. prolificam L. Shrubby St. John's-wort. A low shrubby plant; common in moist ground. July-Sept. 826. H. Virginicum L. {Elodes campanulata Pursh. Marsh St. Triadenum Virginicum (L.) Raf. John's-wort.) Common in wet soil. Mid-July-Aug. CI ST ACE AE. RocK-ROSE Family. HELIANTHEMUM Pers. Rock-rose. 827. li. Canadense Michx. Frost-weed. Gravelly or sandy soil; frequent. Mid- June- July. lOS FLORA OF GRAND RAFIDS. LECHEA L. Pin w 1:1:1.. 828. L. major Miclix. /v. vi/losa Ell. Common in light soil. .luly-Sopt. In autumn a I'osetto of new root-l<;ivi's apj)cars which jjcrsists through the winter. VIOLACEAE. Violet Family. SOLEA Spreng. Grkicx Violet. CuheUwn Raf. 820. S. concolor Ging. Rich damp woods; scarce. Last of May. Reed's Lake (Eugene Pahner); woods of Mr. Lowes, Sec. IG, Grand Rapids (Miss Elsie Lowes); Soldiers' Home woods. It fruits sparingly here. Closed liowers are occasionally pro- duced at the summit of the stem in late summer and autumn. ViOLA L. Violet. Heakt's-kase. 830. V. bJanda Willd. Sweet White Violet. Bogs and low ground; common and variable. Last of April-May. 831. V. bianda palustriformis Gray. T1 hlanda amoena (Le Conte) B.S.P, Burton Ave. Swamp. May. 832. V. Canadensis L. Canada Violet. Abundant in beech and maple woods. Mid-May-Oet. 833. V. canina Muhlenbergii Gray. V. Lahradorica Schrank. Common in moist soil. Mid-April-]May. 834. V. lanceolata L. Lance-leaved Violet. Moist soil; local. Mid-May-Mid- June. Abundant on the shore of Soft Water Lake (Prof. R. H. Wol- cott); Laraberton Lake (S.O.L.); Burton Ave. Swamp (R. E. Matteson); roadside and ditches north of East St. Pinery. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 109 835. V. ovataNutt. Ovate-leaved Violet. Some fine specimens of this species grow in a sterile spot in the ^East St. Pinery (Prof. C. F. Wheeler). It blossoms a little earlier than V. soyittdta. 836. V. palniata L. Common Blue Violet. Frequent on dry shaded hillsides. May. Bluffs of Plaster Creek; hillsides about Burton Ave. Swamp. In dry soil the later leaves are variously lobed at the base, in wet soil they do not have this characteristic. 837. V. palmata cucullata Gray. Common and variable. Ma3^ The color of the corolla is purple, blue, white, or variegated as that of the preceding species. 838. V. pedataL. Bird-foot Violet. Sandy fields and hillsides; common. May. Forms with Avhite corollas are rare. The plant frequently blooms a second time in autumn. 839. V. pedata bicolor Pursh. Grows with the preceding species; infrequent. May. The two upper petals are of a deep velvety violet. Variations in coloring between this and the jJi'eceding are occasional. 840. V. pubescens Ait. Downy Yellow Violet. Common in moist rich soil. May. 841. V. rostrata Pursh. Long-spurred Violet. In moist shaded soil. May, Well distributed and rather frequent. 842. V. sagittata Ait. Arrow-leaved Violet. In moist soil; occasional. May. Silver Creek at East St.; East St, Pinery; Morgan Lake; west of Reed's Lake. The fruit is generally produced on long pedicels from closed fiowers which appear in mid-summer, 843. V. scabnuscula (Torr,& Gray) Schwein. Prefers beech and maple woods. May. 110 FLoiiA OF r.uAxn RArins. 844. V. striata Ail. I'alc Violet. FriHjiU'iil ill ric'ii iiioiKt. wotuls. ,M id-M.tv-^i iil-.lntic. This s]ici'i('S oflcii llowtTs a si-coiid tinic in .tutiinm. Cloned lliiuci'K aiT |iro(liicc!l ;il tlic s'.iiiiinit ol' liit; slciii. V. IKK oi.oii L. raiisy. liearl'K-eaiso. Straying moic or k-ss Iritin i^ardens and beccjininir d^'pr/aj/C'rate and Hinall llov.crcd. Summer. THYMELEACEAE. Mk/.khkim Family. DIRCA L. liioAiii !;::\\i)<)i). .Moosi:wood. 84."), D. palustris L. Low rich woods. Mid-April-First of May. Freciuciit in Cieorgetown; Saddle-]Jag Swaiii}* region; Soldiera' Home woods. LYTIiRACEAE. J.ooskstrh-k Family. DECODON J.F.dmel. Swamt Loosestrife. 84U. D. verticillatus Ell. Common around lakes with sultmerged or marsliy margins. Aug. ONAQRACEAE. Evknixg-Primuosk Family. CIRCAEA L. Knciiantkr's Nightshade. 847. C. alpina L. Cold woods growing on or near decaying logs; frequent. July- Aug. 848. C. Liitetiana L. Common in rich moist woods. .luly-Aug. EPILOBIUM L. Willow-herb. 849. E. adenocaulon Haussk. Common in wet soil. July-Aug. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. Ill 850. E. anguslifolium L. Great Willow-herb. Fire-weed. Cliamaenerion ungustifoUum (L.) Scop. •<^"ommon on newly cleared swamp-lands. July-Aug. 851. E. lineare Mnhl. Bogs and sphagnous marshes; infrequent. Aug.-Sept. Pine Island Lake; Cedar Swamp; Plaster Creek, west of South Division St.; Saddle-Bag Swamp region. Chiefly a northern plant. 852. E. palustre L. Moist soil; infrequent. Aug.-Sept. Cedar Swamp; Pine Island Lake. 853.. E. strictum Muhl. Bogs and sphagnous marshes; infrequent. Aug.-Sept. Cedar Swamp; Orchid Swamp (B.E.L.); Fisk Lake. QAURA L. 854. G. biennis L. Along Plaster Creek in an old field, east of South Division St. (O.ri.). Aug.-Oct. Rare in the State. LUDVVIGIA L. False Loosestrife. 855. L. palustris Ell. Water Purslane. Isnardia jjalustris L. Common in low ground, often growing in shallow M'ater. July-Aug. OENOTHERA L. Evening Primrose. 85G. OE. biennis L. Common Evening Primrose. Onagra hie/mis (L.) Scop. Fields and untilled ground; common. July-Sept. The flowers open suddenly. 857. OE. fruticosa L. Sundrops. Kneiffia fruticosa (L.) Raimann. Dry, gravelly or sandy banks; occasional. July. 112 FLORA OF r.RAND RAPIDS. Koadsiiles about East St. PIiktv; Vorgcniios; Silver Creek at East St.; Lamberton Lake region; D. (i. U.& M. Ry., east of the City. 858. OE. pumila L. Kntijiid jniti!li( (L.) SjClcli. Dry soil in Burton Ave. Swa)ii]t; rare. .July. HALORAGEAE. WATKU-Mn.ron. Family. MYRIOPHYLLUM L. Watkr-Milfoil. 850. M. heterophyllum Michx, It grows sparingly in still, shallow places in the Thornapple River. July-Aug. Rare in the State. 860. M. spicatuni L. In shallow water. July-Aug. Abuiitlant in Reed's Lake. 8(51. M. tenellum Bigel. It grows abundantly in sand, in shallow water on the margin of Little Bostwick Lake. Aug.-Sept. This is the first mention of its occurence in the State. 802. M. verticillatum L. , In shallow" w^ater. July-Aug. Abundant in the creek connecting Larkins' Lake and Tobey Lake. PROSERPINACA L. AIicum aid-weed. 863. P. paliistris L. Marshes and ditches. Aug.-Se])t. Common about Reed's Lake and Fisk Lake; Silver Lake, and elsewhere. ARALIACEAE. (tinskxg Family. ARALIA L, (tinsexc. Wild Sarsaparilla. 864. A. hispida Vent. Bristly Sarsaparilla. Wild Elder. In sphagnous swamjis; scarce. Mid-June-Mid-July. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 113 Along East Bridge St., near Twin Lakes; south-west side of the swamp about Spruce Lake. 865^ "A. nudicaulis L. Wikl Sarsaparilla. Banks and ravines in shaded places; common. May. 80G. A. cjuinquefoiia Decsne. & Planch. Ginseng. Pa) tax quinqtiefoliuin L. Rich moist woods. Last of June. Formerly common and well distributed. It has been nearly exterminated by digging the roots for profit. 867. A. racemosa L. Spikenard. Ravines and rich woods; frequent. Aug. 8G8. A. trifolia Decsne. & Planch. Ground-nut. Dwarf Ginseng. Panax trlfoUuta L. Frequent in thickets and rich woods. May. UMBELLIFERAE. Parsley Family. ANGELICA L. 809. A. atropurpurea L, A tall, coarse plant in marshes and along streams. Mid-June- July. BERULA Hoffm. B. angustifolia Koch. B. erecta (Huds.) Coville. Cold springy places. Aug. This species has been found at Fallassburg and may be looked for in this district. Infrequent in the State. CARUM L. Caraway. 870, C. Carti L. Caraway. Escaped from cultivation to roadsides; occasional. July. CHAEROPHYLLUM L. 871. C. procumbens Crantz. In moist shaded o-round; occasional. May. 114 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. Aluni,' Plaster Creek; haiikK of ( Jraiid River at the following stations: Ada Village (Miss liirdie lieiinett); Indian Mounds (O.ll.); Aiiiialulale Farm, See. 5, Wyoming (Parke McMullen). CICUTA L. Watkr Hkmlock. 872. C. bulbifera L. Common in s\vamj)s and shallow ditches. Aug. -{Sept. The bulblets are j»roduced to the exclusion of the flowers. 873. C. maculata L. Sjjotled Cowbane. Beaver-Poison. Swamps and low ground; common. .Iuly-Se])t. The root is very poisonous. CONIOSELJNUM. Hoffm. 874. C. Canadense Torr. & Gray. Hemlock-Parsley. (\ Chluense (L.) B.S.P. In cold marshes and swamps; infrequent. Sept. Mill Creek; Plaster Creek; Indian Mill Creek; Grand River; Burton Ave. Swamp. CONiUM L. Poison- llK^ri.ocK. 875. C. MACri.ATlM. L. Roadsides; infrequent. July-Aug. Xear the Plainfield Village Ferry; Upper Ada Road, west of the Village; near the mouth of Honey Creek, and scattered along the highway toward the Ada Ferry. Fruit extremely poisonous. CRYPTOTAENIA DC. Honewort. Derhujd Adans. 876. C. Canadensis DC. Common in low ground. Juno-.Iuly. DAUCUS L. Cakrot. 877. D. Carota L. In fields and waste places; becoming frequent. July-Aug. Rockford; south of the City; Kinney Station; Plainfield Village; Fountain St. Cemeterv, City; Vergennes; Englishville. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. ] 15 ERIQENIA Xutt. Harbin«er-of-Spring. 878.^ E. bulbosa Nutt. In low woods; common. Last of March-April. Our earliest spring flower, it appears even before the snow has left the shady nooks. FOENICULUM Adans. Fennel. 879. F. vuLGARE Gaertn. (F. ofticinale AN.) F". Foenicnhmi (L.) Karst. Escaped from gardens; rare. .Inly-Sept. Grandville (O.H.). HERACLEUM L. Coav-Parsxip. 880. H. lanatum Michx, Low ground; frequent. June. A stout plant with large leaves. It is well distributed, but no- where very abundant. HYDROCOTYLE L. Water Pennywort. 881. H. Americana L. Boggy ground, ditches, and creek margins; common. July-Aug. 882. H. umbellata L. Sandy shoi-es of lakes; local. Aug. N. E. shore of Fisk Lake (R.E.Matteson); "picnic grounds" at Pine Island Lake; Heft'ron Lake. OSMORRHIZA Raf. Sweet Cicely. Washingtonia Raf. 883. 0. brevistylis DC, W. Cloytoyu (Michx.) Britton. Common in rich moist woods.' May-June. 884. O. lonjfistylis DC. Grows with the preceding. May-June. 116 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. PASTINACA L. Tausnip. 885. P. SATIVA L. Waste places and (liim|»inL;-i,n<)iiii, Ada; Mill Crock woods (O.II.), (R.K.iMattcson). 903. C. umbellata Nutt. Pipsisncwa. Prince's Pine. Frequent in woods with occasional pine. July. PYROLA L. SillN-I.KAF. WlXTERGREEX. 904. P. elliptjca Niilt. Shin-leal'. Common in rich woods. July. 905. P. rotundifoHa L. Dry, oak woods with occasional }>ino; frequent. July. 900. P. rotundifoHa uHginosa Gray. In sphagnons bogs under tamaracks; rare, July. Mud Lake, Plainfield; :\[ud Lake, Wright. 90V. P. secunda L. In woods and thickets; common. June-i\Iid-.TuIy. MONOTROPACEAE. Indtan-Pipi: Family. MONOTROPA L. Indian Pipk. 908. M. Hypopitys L. Pine-sap. FaL-^e Beech-drops. Ilyjjojntys Ilypopitijx (L.) Small. In dry, oak woods with pine; rare. July-Aug. Mill Creek wo.ods in 1892 (O.H.), in 189G (S.O.L.); west line of Sec. 32, Vergennes; in East St. Pinery the flowers are cream-col- ored (Le Grande Albee). 909. M. uniflora L. Indian Pipe. Corpse-Plant. Damp woods; frequent. July. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 119 ERICACEAE. Heath Family. ANDROMEDA L. 910. A. polifolia L. Sphagnoua bogs; fre(piont. May. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS Adans. Bearberry. 911. A. Uva=ursi Spreng. Bearberry, In dry sandy soil; occasional. May. Oak Hill Cemetery, City; hills about Burton Ave. Swanip(O.H.); abundant on the E. shore of Silver Lake (H.W. Hyser); Sec. 33, Cannon; Upper River Road, near the school-house. CASSANDRA Don. Leather-Leaf. Ch(imfieda2>line Moench. 912. C. calyculata Don. In niarslies and swamps; common. Mid-April-Mid-May. Small swamps are frequently wholly overgrown by it. EPIQAEA L. TuAiLiNd Arf.utus. Ground Laurel. 913. E. repens L. Abundant in low woods intermingled with pine. April. Lobes of corolla varying from three to eight (S.O.L.). It sel- dom fruits in this locality. QAULTHERIA Kalm. Aromatic Wintergreex. 914. G. procumbens L. Creeping Wintergreen. Low woods and borders of swamps; common. July. LEDUM L. Labrador Tea. 91.5. L. Qroenlandicum OEder. (L. latifolium Ait.) Sphagnous swamps; rare. First of June. Burton Ave. Swamp (L. S. Livingston), 1885 to '86; Saddle-Bag Swamp (O.H.), 1893. No herbarium specimens have been pre- served. VACCINIACEAE. Huckleberry Family. CHIOQENES Salisb. Creeping Snowberry. 916. C. serpyllifolia Salisb. Creeping Snowberry. C. h!sp!(h(Ja (L.) Torr. & Gray. 120 PLORA OF DRAXn RAPIDS. Sjilia^iioiis H\v:iiii{>s; ran-. May. Found creeping over decayed logs in Cedar Swam)), near the Blendon Koacl. GAYLUSSACIA liJiK. 1Il( ici.khkuuy. 917. Q. resinosa'i\>rr. tt (iray. Hlaek Huckleberry. Crackleberry. Abundant in li^lit Koil, also found in swamps. Mid-May-Mid- ,Iune. VACCINIUM L. Bi,iKiJKHi;v. I>ii.iii:ki£y. Cuanbekuy. 9 18. V. Canadensc liicliards. Edges ol Kjtliagiious 8wanij)s; occasional. June. Carmody Lake; Hionner Lake; Sjtruce Lake. A low ^hrub, berries blue, with a bloom. One of the market berries of the northern lake regions. 919. V. corymbosum \j. Swamp-Blueberry. Sphagnous swamps; common and variable. Mid-May-first of .lune. The berry of our home markets. The variety amoenm/i Gray is a hairier form scarcely to be separated. 920. V. corymbosum atrococcum Gray. Black Blueberry. Sphagnous swamps. Mid-May-first of June. Ratlier abundant about Carmody Lake, found gi'owing with V. corytnboamn. 921. V. macrocarpon Ait. Large or American Cranberry. (Ai'i/coccHu inacrocarpiis (Ait.) Pers. In sphagnous bogs; frequent. June-July. The cranberry of the markets. 922. V. Oxycoccus L. Small Cranberry, Oxy coccus Oxycoccus (L.) MacM. Sphagnous bogs; infrequent. Mid-June-Mid-July. 923. V. Pennsylvanicum Lam. Dwarf Blueberry. Dry woods or hillsides; common. May. The lowest of the blueberries, and ripens its fruit about a month before the other s]»ecies in this locality. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 121 924. V. vacillans Soland. Low Blueberry. Dry woods and copses; infrequent. May. Edges of the Big Marsh; Pine Island Lake; near Belmont. PRIMULACEAE. Primkose Family. LYSIMACHJA L. Loosestrife. 925. L. NuMMULARiA L. Moneywort. In moist places; hecoming frequent. July-Aug. Reed's Lake (S.); Fisk Lake; west bank of Grand River, near the Plaster Cave (O.ll.); soutli of the Indian Mounds (M.&C); field south of the Standard Oil Works, Butterworth Ave., City (Mrs. Mary B. Fallass); ditches along the highway between Sees. 7, Walker and 12, Tallmadge (Roy Tucker). 92G. L. Quadrifolia L. Thickets and hillsides in oak woods; infrequent. Mid-June-July. John Ball Park, City; Sec. 32, Vergennes. 927. L. stricta Ait. Z. terr^^strls (L.) B.S.P. Edges of marshes; frequent. July. Plants with bulblets in the axils instead of flowers are occasional. 928. L. thyrsiflora L. Tufted Loosestrife. N'mimhKrgia thyrsijloro (L.) Duby. Swamps; frequent. ]\[id-June-July. SAMOLUS L. Water Pimperxel. Brook-weed. 929. S. Vakrandi Americanus Gray. S. JJorlbundiis IIBK. In springy places. Mid-June-Mid-July. In the marsh about the Salt Spring; Fisher Station; the Outlet; Plaster Creek. Abundant at these stations. STEIRONEMA Raf. 9.30. S. ciijatum R.af. Frequent in moist thickets. July-Aug. 122 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. 931. S. lanceolatum Gray. Edges of luarslies and in wet j)lac'es; frequent. .luIy-Aug. l)3L'. S. longifolium Gray. iS. quadriiionmi (Sims) lliti-li. In bogs and springy places; common. July. TRIENTALIS 1.. CmrKwi-ici) Wixtkkoreex. 933. T. Americana I'ursli. Star-flower. Frequent in deep moist woods. May. OLEACEAE. Omvk Family. F-RAXiNUS L. Ash. 934. F. Americana L. Wliite Ash. Common in rich upland woods. Mid-May. 935. F. Pennsylvanica Marsh. (F. pubescens Lam. Red Ash.) Low woods; well distributed, l)nt not abundant. Mid-May. 930. F. quadrangulata Mielix. Blue Ash. Reported as oeeasirtnal along the blulTs of Grand River by sev- eral lumbermen who were inteiested in timber in "early times." Xo herbarium specimen. 937. F, sambucifolia Lam. Black Ash. }\ It !(/!'<( Marsh. Swamps; common. ]\I id-May. 938. F. viridis Michx. f. Green Ash. 7^^. lanceolata Borck. A small tree on alluvial soil; occasional. Mid-May. Reed's Lake; along Grand River and its tributaries. SYRINQA L. 939. S. vuT.OARis L. Lilac. Persistent about pioneer dwellings and waysides. May. GENTIANACEAE. Gi^xiiAX Family. BARTONIA Muhl. 940. B. tenella Willd. Ji. Virgimca (L.) B.S.P. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 123 In sphagnum; rare. Aug. Mill Creek woods (O.H.), 1897; Carmody Lake (Miss Alice Kelly), 1900. FRASERA Walt. American Columbo. 941. F. Carolinensis Walt Frequent in oak openings; well distributed. Last of June-July. Scarce in the State. QENTIANA L. Gextiax. 942. Q. alba Muhl. Moist shaded hillsides in John Ball Park, City; rare. Sept. 943. Q. Andrewsii Griseb. Closed Gentian. Moist soil; frequent. Sept. Forms with white corollas are found at the City Settling Ba- sin (S.O.L.). 944. Q. crinita Froel. Fringed Gentian. Wet ground; less frequent than G. serrata. Sept. 945. Q. quinqueflora occidentalis Gray. Wet soil; rare, Sept. In and about John Ball Park, City. 946. G. serrata Gunner. Smaller Fringed Gentian. G. detonsa Rottb. In springy or marshy ground; frequent. Sept. MENYANTHES L. Buckbeax. 947. M. trifoliata L. Sphagnous bogs; frequent. May. APOCYNACEAE. Dogbane Family. APOCYNUM L. Dogbane. Indian Hemp. 948. A. androsaemifolium L. Spreading Dogbane. Fields and thickets; common. June-July. 949. A. cannabinum L. Indian Hemp, In wet soil; common and variable. July- Aug, 124 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. *.)"}U. A. hypericifolium Ait. Especially i'rcMjuciit on s:in»ly lake hordors. July-Au2. A. viridiflora Ell. In dry sandy soil; frequent. July. Broad leaved forms and narrow leaved forms grow together; the latter have been mistaken for yl. longifoUa, which has only been found on the shores of the Great Lakes. ASCLEPIAS L. Milkweet). Sit.kweed. 953. A. incarnata L. Swainp Milkweed. Common in low ground. .Tuly-Aug. 954. A. obtusifolia Michx. \n dry sandy soil. June-.July, Only a few plants at any station, but well distributed. Scarce in the State. 955. A. phytolaccoides Pursh. Poke Milkweed. A, ,y. (uljj^e's ol iiKirslu's; fomiiioii. Atii^. It forms masses of t.iiiglod, oraiii^c, ihivady vincH. Parasitic. Its seed is sii.l i(» gcniiiiiati' lully a moiitli later than other seeds, so tliat the [(lauls about it iii.iy have a Lcood start, V)e- I'ore it begins ]»reyini>: ajjon them. POLEAIONIACEAC. r.n.ox Family. PHLOX L. 9CG. P. divaricala L. Rieli woods and cojtses; connnon, ]\ray-Mid-June. Occasionally with white corollas. noT. P. pilosa T.. Frequent on drv sandy soil of oak o])cnings. June. 9G8. P. subulata L. (xround or Moss Pink. Dry banks and hillsides, especially along railroad cuts. !May. Frequent in and about the City. Corollas rarely white. Common in cultivation. HYDROPHYLLACEAE. Watkrleaf Family. KYDROPHYLLUM L. Watkrleaf. 9C9. H. appendiculatum Michx. Moist hillsides and rich woods; frequent. June. 970. H. Canadcnse L. Frequent in moist rich woods. Mid-June-Mid-July. 971. H. Virginicum L. Frecjuent in rich moist woods. Last of May-June. BORAQINACEAE. Borage Family. CYNOGLOSSUM L. IIouxd's-Toxgue. 972. C, officinale L. Common IIound's-Tongue. Waysides and waste places; frequent. Summer. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 127 ECiilNOSPERMUM Swartz. Sticksked. Lappula Moench. 973. E. Lappula Lehm. Roadsides and waste places; common. Summer. 974. E. VirginJcum Lehm. Beggar's Lice. Frequent in low woods. Summer, ECHIUM L. Viper's Bugloss. 97r). E. vuLGAEE L. Blue-weed. On dumping-ground near the Eagle Plaster Mills; scarce. Mid- June-July. LITKOSPERMUM L. Gromwell. Puccoox. 976. L. ARVENSE L. Wheat-Thief. Red-root. Corn Gromwell. Common in waste places. Summer. 977. L. canescens Lehm. Puccoon of the Indians. Common in sandy soil. May. 978. L. hirtum Lehm. L. Griielinl (Michx.) Hitch. Sandy fields and oak openings; frequent. Mid-May-July. 979. L. latifoiium Michx. Frequent on the edges of woods. Mid-May-June. MERTENSIA Roth. Lungwort. 980. M.Virginica DC. Virginian Cowslip. Lungwort, Blue Bells. Rich alluvial soil; scarce. May. Scattered along Plaster Creek from Kalamazoo Ave. to Grand River (R. E. Matteson); occasional along Grand River; Wm. Cook's woods, Sec. 36, Byron (S.). MYOSOTIS L. ScoRPiox-GRAss. Forget-me-not. M. PALUSTRIS L, Escaped from gardens. Summer. East St. between Wealthy Ave. and Sherman St., City (R. E. Matteson). 12S FLORA OF CIRANO P.AinDS. SYMPHYTUM L. Comi iucy. \^S\. S. oKiKiN AMO \j. ('oiiiinoii ("(iiiifrcy . Ksca})e(l from gardens, .luno-.Iuly. Hani premises of liiversiJe Farm, Ada; roadside along the west line of Sec. 22, Wright; near the Lower Swing Bridge. VERBENACEAE. Vkp.va.n FAMi..v. LIPPIA L. «J82. L. lanceolata Midix. l''i>^-l'niit. Alluvial soil; infrequent. .luIy-Aug. Along Grand River, south of the Eagle Plaster Mills (O.H.); Grandville; Plaintli'ld \'illage; Reed's Lake (M.&C). Rare in the State. VERBENA L. Vkiivain. 98;^. V. bracteosa Mic-hx. In uutilled soil in and about the City; well distributed, but no- where abundant. Summer. 9S-I. V. hastata L. Blue Vervain. ("inuniDii ill low ground. July-Seiit. An intermediate form, a hybiid between this and F". nrtlcaefoUa, is found; the spikes ai"e interrupted as in the latter; the flowers are j»ink or lavender. 98"). V. stricta Vent. Abundant in dumping-ground along Silver Creek, west of Jef- ferson Ave., City (M.&C), 189C. July-Aug. This is the only station mentioned in the State. 98G. V. urticaefolia L. White Vervain. Common in low ground. July-Sept. LABIATAE. Mint Family. BLEPHELIA Raf. 987. B. ciliata Raf. Frequent in light sandy soil. June. Well distributed and frequent in the eastern part of this dis- trict. Scarce in the State. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 129 988. B. hirsuta Beutli. Low woods and along streams; common. July. It reaches its northern limits in the Grand River Valley. CALAIMNTHA Moench. Calamint. Cliufypodium L. 989. C. Clinopodium Benth. Basil. C. vulyare L. In dry fields and thickets; frequent. July. COLLINSONIA L. Hoese-Balm. 990. C. Canadensis L. Stone-root. Rich-weed. In rich woods. Aug. Mr. Gillons' woods, Sec. '25, Byron; also along the highway between Sees. 30 and 31, Byron. HEDEOMA Pers. Pennyroyal. 991. li. pulegioides Pers. American Pennyroyal. Sandy fields; local. Aug. Along Carlton Creek; Berger Creek, near Hogadone Road; Burton Ave. and Buchanan St., South Grand Rapid8(0.H.). HYSSOPUS L. Hyssop. 992. H. OFFICINALIS L. Escaped from cultivation; rare. Summer. In the northern part of Paris (A.J.Pieters), 1897. LEONURUS L. Motherwort. 993. L. Cardiaca L. Common Motherwort. Common in waste ground. July-Sept. LOPHANTHUS Benth. Giant Hyssop. Agastache Clayt. 994. L. nepetoides Benth. Frequent in shaded alluvial soil. Aug. 995. L. scrophulariaefolius Benth. In springy places; local. Aug. \:\0 FLORA OF ORAXl) RAPIDS. Along till' 1). a. n. tt M. \i\. aUout two miU'H oiist t»f A«lu Vil- lage; Page C'lvck. LYCOPUS I.. Wati:i; I Iokkuoinu. •)••(). L. rubellus Mocndi. Low ground; tr('!)7. L. sinuatus Kll. X. Ann ricitniis Mulll. In njai-slics; (•(tinnKni. July-Se])t. 998. L. VIrginicus L. I>iigli'-wt'0(l. Common in moist soil. Mid-.July-Sopt. MARRUBIUM L. Hokeiioixd. 999. M. vl-i,(;ark L. Common Horehound. Escaped fiom cultivation; frequent. Summer. MENTHA L. Mint. 1000. M. Canadensis L. Wild Mint. Meadows and low ground; common. Last of July-Sept. lOOL M. PIPERITA L. Peppermint. Common in wet ground along creeks. Cultivated at present in the southern part of Byron for oil. Aug.-Sept. 1002. M. ROTUNDIFOLIA (L.) liuds. Abundant along the Alpine Gravel Road, opposite the Farm of Wm. C. Dowling, Sec. 13, Alpine, where it has maintained it- self for over 33 years. This is the only station known in the State. Its uses are those of peppermint and spearmint, and it has about the same kind of oil. 1003. M. viRiDis L. Spearmint. M. spicata L. Roadsides, escaped from cultivation; frequent. Aug.-Sept. MONARDA L. Horse-Mint. 1004. M. didyma L. Bee-Balm. Oswego Tea. July 3, 1893, a few plants were taken from a small patch, in CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 131 moist shaded gi-oand, along the highway between Sees. 2 and 3, Byron (F.). 1005. M. fistulosa L. Wild Bergamot. Light soil, edges of fields, and thickets; common. July-Aug. 1006. M. punctata L. Horse-Mint. In dry, sterile soil, especially hills and bluffs; frequent. Aug. Pine Hill; sand bluffs along Grand River; Rouge River; Hoga- done Creek; Crooked Lake; about the Lakes in central Can- non; Vergennos. NEPETA L. Cat-Mixt. 1007. N. C/ATARiA L. C'atnip. Common in waste places near dwellings. July-Sept. 1008. N. Glechoma Benth. Ground Ivy. Gill-over-the-Ground. Gleconia hederacea L. Escaped from cultivation; occasional. May-Aug. PHYSOSTEGIA Benth. False Dragon-head. 1009. P. Virginiana Benth. ' In wet ground; abundant and local. Aug. On both banks of Grand River, near the Lower Swing Bridge (B.E.L.). Forms with white coi'ollas grow with theothers(O.H.). PRUNELLA L. Self-heal. 1010. p. vulgaris L. Common Self-heal or Heal-all. Common in fields. July-Aug. PYCNANTHEMUM Michx. MorxxAix Mint. Basil. KoelUci. Moench. 1011. P. lanceolatum Pursh. K. Virgirdana (L.) MacM. Common in low ground. Aug. -Sept. SALVIA L. Sage. S. azurea grandiflora Benth. 'S'. PUcheri Torr. There are two clumps on Godfrey Ave., City, near the C. & W. 132 FLORA OF CIIAND RAPIUS. iM. Ry. (M.itC). .luly-Au^. I'robaMy iiitrodm-cd from tlu" S(Uitli-\\'cst. SCUTELLARIA 1.. Ski i.i.( ap. lOl'J. S. g:alericulata L. Wet soil; rdiniiioii. .hily-Au<^. 1U13. S. lateriflora L. Mad-doL? Skiillea]). Common ill low Lrroiuul. .luly-Aut^. STACHYS 1.. Hki>(;i>Nktti.e. 1U14. S. aspera Mifhx. In wet shaded ground; freciucnt. July-Aug. litl"). S. aspera glabra Gray. N. tciinlfolid Willd. Found growing with the ])receding; occasional. July-Aug. luiti. S. hyssopifolia Miflix. In moist ground. July. X. shore of Crooked Lake; Bostwick Lake; abundant about Lit- tle Bostwick Lake. Rare in the State. 1017. S, palustris L. Common in low shaded ground. July-Aug. TEUCRIUM L. Germandkr. 101b. T. Canadense L. American Germander. Wood Sage. Low woods and ihiekets; frequent. July-Aug. SOLANACEAE. Nightshadk Family. DATURA L. Jamestown-Weed. Thorn-Apple, 1019. D. Stkamonii'm L. Common Stramonium, or Thorn-Apple. Untilled ground; not abundant. July-Sept. Along the highway between Sees. 7 and 14, Walker(RoyTucker); roadside between Sees. 1 and 12, Alpine. 1020. D. Tatula L. Puri>le Thorn-Apple. A coai'se weed in rich soil; common. July-Sept, The seeds of both species are poisonous. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 13?. LYCIUM L. Matkimunv-Vink. 102L L. vui.OAHK Dimal. Occasionally escaped from gardens. Summer. Introduced by the pioneer settlers. PHYSALIS L. Gkouxp Ciikrry. 1022. P. heterophylla Xees. (P. Virginiana Mill.) In light soil; our most common species. Summer. 1023. P. heterophylla ambigua ((Tray) Rydberg. (P. Virginiana ambigua Gray.) Sandy soil. Summer. Frequent in fields south of Burton Ave. 1024. P. heterophylla nyctaginea (Dunal) Rydberg. In dry soil. Summer. Corner of Jefferson Ave. and Burton Ave., City (O.H.). 1025. P. Virginiana Mill. Diy sandy soil; common. .luly-Aug. This species has been called P. lanceolata Michx. which is not known to occur in Michigan. 1026. P. Virginiana vulgaris Rydberg. In sterile soil about Crooked Lake (O.H.). Summer, SOLANUM L. Nightshade. 1027. S. Carolinense L. Horse-Nettle. Dry soil. July-Sept. Along the G. R. & I. Ry., south of Fisher Station; edge of a little marsh on East St., near Plaster Creek (M.&C.);bank of Grand River at Wallin's Tannery, City; Soft Water Lake. Introduced from the South. 1028. S. Dulcamara L. Bittersweet. Roadsides, thickets, and swamps; common. Summer. Base of stem woody, a climbing or straggling plant, 3-10 feet high. White flowered forms grow with the purple, with leaves and stems very pubescent. 134 FLORA OF GRAND RAPIDS. lOiiO. S. nigrum I.. C'oiumon Nightsli.idi'. Moist 8kc(ikli'tH. PEDICULARIS L. Lousicvvokt. 1044. P. Canadensis L. Common l.ousewort. Wood Betony. Common in open, moist woodlands. May. 1045. P. lanceolata Michx. Sprini>KinvoKT. ] Of. I . U. cornuta Miclix. Ill wet sand; occasional. Mid-Juiu'-.Iuly. S. shore of Laraberton Lake (S.); Button Lake (Lotan Read); Saddle-Hatr Swamp (O.IT.); Little licstwick Lake; Clear Lake; -Mud Lake, PlainHeld. lOtiL'. U. gibba L. In shallow water on the borders of lakes; local, July-Aug. 8. E. shore ot Button Lake (M. it C); Mud Lake, Plainfield. Rare in the Stale. 10fi8. U. intermedia Ilayne. Li shallow water; scarce. June-Mid-Sept. Shore of Lamberton Lake, 1889(8.); Button Lake, 1897(M.&C.); arm of Lamberton Lake marsh, 1899 (8.O.L.); Mud Lake, Plain- field; edges of the pool in Orchid Swamp, 1895 (O.IL). Infre- quent in the State 1064. U. minor L. Smaller Bladderwort. In shallow water; rare. June-Mid-July. 8. shore of Lamberton Lake and the arm of Lamberton Lake marsh, where it it grows with U. intermedia (S.O.L.). Rare in the State. 106.T. U. resupinata B. I). Greene. Abundant in sand, in shallow water on the margin of Little Bostwick Lake. July-Aug. 106G. U. vulgaris L. Greater Bladderwort. Ponds and slow streams; common. .Tuly-Aug. OROBANCHACEAE. B room-rape Family. APHYLLON Mitch. Nakkp Broom-rape. Thdiesia Raf. 1067. A. unlflorum Gray. One-flowered Cancer-root. In oak openings; scarce. Mid-May. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 139 Diamond St. woods. City (S.O.L.); Plaster Creek bluff s(M.&C.); bluffs along the Upper River Road (Mrs. Mary B. Fallass); woods west of the D.G.II. & M. Ry. Junction (Charles McCarty). CONOPHOLIS Wallr. Squaw-root. Caxcer-root. 1068. C. Americana Wallr. Rich moist woodlands; occasional. May-June. Woods south of Reed's Lake; Mill Creek woods; Burton Ave. Swamp; woods of V. Harrington, Sec. 2, Walker; East St. Pinery; woods along the Thornapple River; woods of S. B. Smith, Sec. 14, Grand Rapids; woods of Mrs. Maria Williams, Sec. 4, Paris; north addition to John Ball Park, City. EPIPHEGUS Nutt. Beech-drops. Cancer-root. Ltpfainnhnn Raf. 1069. E. Virginuina Bart. Frequent in beech woods. Aug. -Sept. PHRYMACEAE Lopseed Family. PHRYMA L. LopsEED. 1070. P. Leptostachya L. In moist woods and thickets; frequent. .Tuly-Aug. PLANTAQINACEAE. Plantain Family. PLANTAQO L. Plantain. Ribwort. 1071. P. aristata Miehx. Dry gravelly soil; local. Summer. East of Madison Ave., near the D. G. R. & W. Ry. (M.&C); near the Soldiers' Home, on east side of the Comstock Riverside Addition plat. Introduced from the West. 1072. P. LANCEOLATA L, Ribgrass. English Plantain. Fields and waysides; common. Summer. 1073. P. major L. Common Plantain. Waysides and about dwellings. July-Sept. Less common than P. Rugeldi. 140 FLORA OF CiRAXn RAPIDS, 1074. P. Rugelii Dfivusuf. Fouml irri)win<_r \v itii /'. nmjnr ■.i\\>\ -•Itcii inist:ik<'ii for it. July- S,.,.t. RUBIACEAE. .Mai.i.ik Famm v. CEPHALANTHUS I.. Rrnox-m sn. Iu7"). C. occidentalis F. A lt»w slinil); i-uiuinoii :il)<)Mt swimips. .Iiily-Aug. GALIUM L. Ukiisikaw. Ci.kavkks. 10T<;. G. Aparine F. Clcsncrs. (Jf)ose-Gra88. l)i\ woods; comiiioii. i\Fiy. 1077. Q. asprellum ^Ficlix. l{(ni<;h Bedstraw. Swamps and boijij^y arouiuF, common. .luly-Oct. 1U7S. (i. boreale F. Nortlu'i-ti Fcdstraw. Coiiimoii. .1 iiiic .1 uly. 107!t. G. circaezans >Ficlix. N\'il. iMer Villa (L.) iMacM. Dry woods or banks; frequent. Last of May-June. LINNAEA L. Tavin-flower. 1089. L. borealis L. Plentiful under tamaracks on the east side of Mud Lake, Wright. .Tune. LONICERA L. Honeysuckle. Woodbine. 1090. L. ciiiata Muhl. Fly-Honeysuckle. Frequent in moist woods. May. 1091. L. glauca Hill. X. diolca L. Usually grows in wet ground; occasional. Mid-May-Mid- June. L. Bouglasii Hook. (X. glaucescem Rydberg), formerly in- cluded in L. glauca, is not so tall; the leaves are somewhat hairy beneath. It may be looked for in thickets and on hillsides in this locality. 1092. L. oblongifolia Hook. Swamp Fly-Honeysuckle. Cold swamps. June. Cedar Swamp (Wadsworth Part); plentiful about Mud Lake, Wright. (Miss Jessie Brown). 142 PT,ORA OF nRAND RAPIDS. SAMBUCUS L. Ki.i.KK. 1093. S. Canadensis L. ('(niuiion I'lhler. Fields ami roadsides; coinTiioii. .luly. "It follows settlements."' The berries witli red stems are pre- ferred to those with afreen stems for culinary purposes. 1094. S. racemosa L. ixcd-bcrried Elder. '**'. pnbeiiti Mii'hx. Common alonj; stump IcnceR on ])iii(' land, frequent in moist woods. May. SYMPHORICARPOS Juss. Sxowberry. The sj>eci(^s mentioned under this genus are indigenous in the northern part of the State. They were common in cultivation about the homes of the pioneer settlers, and are not infrequent now about old dwellings and roadsides. 109.3. S. occidentalis Tlook. Wolfberry, Flowers iu July, the fruit ri])ens and persists thi'ough autumn. 1090. S. racemosus Michx. Snowberry. Flowers in July, fruit ripe in autumn. S. pauciflorus Robbins is indigenous in Ionia Co., and may be looked for here on hillsides under ])iTH's. 1097. S. vulgaris Michx. Indian (^irrant. ('oral-berry, *V. St/iiiphoric((rj>o>i (L.) MacM. Flowers in July, the fruit persists after the leaves have fallen. TRIOSTEUM L. lIonsK-OK.VTiAN. Fkvkr-wort. 1098. T. perfoliatum 1.. Open woods and coj>ses. Miil-May-M id-June. Widely scattered, but well distributed. VIBURNUM L. Arrow-wood. Laurestinus. 1199. V. acerifolium L. Arrow-wood. Dockmackie. Dry wooded banks and hillsides; frequent. Mid-May-Mid-June. 1100. V. cassinoides L. Withe-rod. Sphagnous swamps; infrequent. First of June. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 14:* Big ALarsli; r\Ja(l L:iki% Phtiuficld; Mud Lake, Walker; Sec. L Tallmadge. 1101. V. Lentago L. Sweet Viburnmn. Sheep-berry. Low woods and iiiaishes; common. Mid-May- June. 1102. V. Opulus L. (.'rauberry-tree. Cold swainijs; occasional. May. Well distribuUMl, but 'scattered. 1103. V. pubescens Pursl). Dow^iy Arrow-Wood. Banks and hillsides; common. Mid-May-Mid-June. VALERIANACEAE. Vai.kkian Famh.v. VALERIANA L. Vai.kkian. 1104. V. sylvatica Banks. Sphagnoiis swamps; frequent. Mid-May-Mid-J line. VALERIANELLA I'oll. Corn Salad. La.mi5-Lettiti.:. 110"). V. chenopodifolia DC. There is a small patcii just noi'th of Plaster Creek, between the M.C.Ry. and the G.K. & I. Ry. (John Van Splunter), June, 1897. DIPSACEAE. Tkaski. Family. DIPSACUS L. Tkaskl. HOG. D. SYLVESTRis Mill. Wild Teasel. Untilled ground; rare. July-Aug. This species occurs on the Farm of George Slater along the highway on the north line of Sec. 15, Paris. A few plants have been growing at this station for some years (Robert Slater). CUCURBITACEAE. Gourd Family. ECHlNOCYSTiS Torr. & (Tray. Wild Balsam-apple. Mici'iinipeHs Raf, HOT. E. lobata Toir. &, Gray. Alluvial soil: common. .lulv-Aua'. 144 FLORA OF OR AND RATMDS. CAMPANl'l.ACHAn. (ami-am. .a Family. CAMPANULA L. I'.ii.i ki.ow icu. 1 Mis. C. Americana L. Tiill Fx'llll.iwci-. Fri'.|Uciit ill moist woodhuids. .Inly Aiiir. 1 H>!t. C. aparinoides I'lirsli. M.i'sh lu'IlHowcr. (ir.-issy iii:ii>li«'s and Ixi^^s; cuiMinMii. .Iiilv-Aug. 1 I lu. C. i; A I'lN. I i.oi i.i> L. W.dl .•staldishcd at Walliii',-. TMiiiK-i-y, (■ity(0.1l.). July-Aug. 1 1 I 1. C. rotundifolia L. llan-lMdl. C'oininon on sliadctl l»aiiks ans of lakes, and mart«hes; frequent. Mid-July- Mid-Scj.t. 1 1 I .'). L. spicata Lam. Ill dry, mostly sandy soil, or in meadows; frequent. July. 1110. L. syphilitica L. Great Lobelia. Wet ground; abundant. Mid-July- Mid-Sept. The color of the corolla varies from deep blue to white. SPECULARIA Heist. Venus' Looking-glass. J^egouzia Dtirand. 1117. S. perfoliata DG. Dry gravelly soil: infrequent. June-July. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 14;") D. G. H. & M. Ry., east of ihe City (Miss Broome); John Ball Park, City, (Mrs. Mary B. Fallass); Lambertou Lake re- gion; Sec. 29, Vergennes; hills along the G. R. & I. Ry., just west of the D. G. H. & M. Ry. Junction. COMPOSITAE. ( oMi-osiiK Family. ACHILLEA L. Yarrow. 1118. A. Millefolium L. Common Yarrow or Milfoil. Fields and roadsides; common. July-Oct. Forms with rose-colored rays are occasional. AMBROSIA L. Ragweed. 1119. A. artemisiaefolia L. Roman Wormwood. Ragweed. Common along highways. July-Oct. Introduced from the West. 1120. A. trifida L. (^reat Ragweed. Common in alluvial soil. July-Aug. 1121. A. trifida integrifolia Torr. tfe Gray. Frequent with the type. J uly-Aug. ANAPHALIS DC. Everlasting. 1122. A. margaritacea Benth. & Hook. Pearly Everlasting. In fields; rare. Aug. -Sept. South Grand Rapids (B.IC.L.); North College Ave. and Sweet St., City, (S.O.L.); along the road running north from the D. G. H. & M. Ry. Bridge, near Saddle-Bag Swamp (O.H.). ANTENNARIA Gaertn. Everlasting. A. plantaginea R. Br. is the earlier aud correct name for A. 2)lantagimfolia Hook. It has recently been divided into several species; the following from this locality have been identified by Mr. M.L. Fernald: 1123. A. Brainerdii Fernald. Clavev ground, near Reed's Lake. May. 1 111 KL01:A of URANl) ItAlMIJS. I !•_'». A. fallax (iiiciir. Li-ht s..il. .May. Woods aloiiy the I), (i. II. iV^^ -M. My. west ot' ihc .(unction; hillH nltoiii I'mrtnn Ave. Swanip. ll'J.'>. A. Farwellii (iic«'nc'. In .^^and or clay. .M;iv. Black Hills; I). (4. ll.it .M. Ky.; near West liridge St. Ferry; Fourth St.; PlainticM \'ill:io-c. IIim;. a. neodioica (irccnc. Sandy soil. May. Near Wost Bridirc St. Ferry (Mrs. .Mary I>. Fallass); lludson- villc; near l\ccd\s Lake. li'JT. A. neodioica attenuata Fcrnald. Coll('cteTii..\ L. .May-weed. Dog-Fennel. Along highways and waste plaee.s; common. .luly-Oct. It followed ])ioneer settlements, and was very abundant along roadsides and in waste places in this vicinity from 1850 to about iSton when ragweed became coninion. ARCTIUM L. r.iuoo.K. 1 l:S-J. A. Laim-.v L. Burdock. Coniinon in waste places. .hdv-Oct. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 147 1133. A. Lappa Mi>' us (iray. Common. July-Oct. ARTEMISIA L. Wormwood. 1134. A. Absinthium L. Common Wormwood. Sparingly escaped from gardens. Aug. 1135. A. biennis Willd. A roadside weed; spreading freely. Sept. Introduced from the West. 1136. A. caudata Michx. In sandy tields; common. Sept, -Oct. - . ASTER L. Starwort. Aster. 1137. A. azureus Lindl. In light sandy soil; fre(juent. Aug. -Sept. 1138. A. cordifolius L. Common in woods and thickets. Sept.-Oct. 1139. A. cordifolius polycephalus Porter. In low ground; frequent. Aug.-Oct. 1140. A. diffusus Ait. A. lateriflorus (L.) Brittoii. In dry or moist soil; common and variable. Sept.-Oct. 1141. A. divaricatus L. (A. corymbosus ^iV.) In thickets. Mid-.Tuly-Aug. South (4rand Rapids (F.). 1142. A. dumosus L. In sand; local. '£ Sept.-Oct. Crooked Lake; Bostwick Lake; Pine Island Lake. 1143. A. ericoides L. Dry sterile soil; infrequent. Sept.-Oct. North College Ave. and Sweet St., City (S.O.L.); Silver Lake; Bostwick Lake: Little Bostwick Lake. 14.S FL(^HA OF GRAND IIAPIDS. Mil. A. junceus Ail. Sphagnoiis s\v:uii|is; t'rccjuciit. .Inly Se|; Mul Lake, rialiiliild; Cani- ])aii Lake, and i'Isi-wIutc. 1 14">. A. laes is I.. Coiiimcii on lln- cdi^cs of oak woods. >[id-Aut;.-Oct. Il4(i. A. macrophyMus I>. ('oiiiinoii in oak oiK'ninu;^. Ang. Sept. 11J7. A. multiflorus Ait. Dry sandy soil; local. Si'pt.-Oct. Al)uiulaut abont I'lainHi'ld \'illaii'i'. 1148. A. Novae-Angliae I.. Frequent in moist Lironnd. S(^|>t. 1I4'J. A. pnniculatus Lam. Common in marshes and along streams. Sept. -Oct. K-Xceedingly variable. 11 ')0. A. puniceus L. Common in marshes. Se])t.-()ct. 1 l.)l. A. puniceus lucidulus Cray. Common in marshes. Sept. -Oct. 1152. A. sagittifolius Willd. Common in dry soil. Aug. -Oct. 115;i. A. salicifolius Ait. In moist soil; frequejit. Aug. Pine Island Lake; Lamberton Lake region; Lower Swing Bridge; Campau Lake; Reed's Lake; McCords. 11.54. A. sericeus Vent. In sterile soil. Aug. -Sept. Pine Hill; abundant in the woods of W. M. Snow, S.E. ^ of the N. W. \ of Sec. 1.5, Cascade. 1 1.5.5. A. Shortii Hook. Along the edges of woods in the south addition to John Ball Park. City. Rare. Sept.-Oct. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 149 1156. A. Tradescanti L. Low ground; frequent. Sept.-Oct. Cedar Smamp; Lamberton Lake; Burton Ave. Swamp; Campau Lake; Reed\s Lake, and elsewhere. 1157. A. umbellatus Mill. I^<)e/f,iit(/erif/ u/nde/laftt (MM.) Nees. Common in moist places. Aug.-Sept. 1158. A. undulatus L. Dr)'- ground; occasional. Sept.-Oct. Abundant in the southern part of Cannon; along the Cascade (Travel Road. 1159. A. vimineus l^am. Li low ground; occasional. Sept. -Oct. Lamberton Lake region; near Caledonia Village; Burton Ave. Swamp. BIDENS L. Bir-Marigoi.l.. 11 GO. B. Beckii Torr. Water Marigold. Abundant in the west end of Reed's Lake. Aug. 1161. B. cernua L. Smaller Bur-Marigold. Wet places; common. Sept.— Oct. 1162. B. chrysanthemoides Michx. Larger Bur-Marigold. JB. faevis(L.) B.S.P. Low ground; common. Aug.-Sept. 1163. B. connata Muhl. Swamp Beggar-ticks. Common in low gr( un 1. Aug.-Sept. 1164. B. connata comosa Gray. In low ground. i\.ug.-Sept. 1165. B. djscoidea (Torr. & Gray.) Britton. (Coreopsis discoidea To7'r. dt Gray.) In wet soil; frequent. July-Oct. 1166. B. frondosa L. Common Beggar-ticks. Stick-tight. Low ground and waste-places; common. Aug.-Sept. !.')() FLORA OF OR AND RAPIDS. CHRYSANTHEMUM L. Ox-kvk Daisy. llf'7. C. IIalsami'ia \j. Miiit-as1iires, iiieadows. and waste places: increasing. June-Oct. h has been estal)lished at Heed's Lake for 30 years or more. CICHORIUM L. Skcoiiy ok Chicory, 1 ItiO. C. Intvius L. Waysides and waste jdaces; locally abundant. July-Sept. Scattered ulong the Cascade Gravel Road; along Market St. and Elsworth Ave., City (S.O.L.); Caledonia Village (Mrs, Mary B, Fallass); Alpine Gravel Koad, near Platte's Corners. CNICUS L. (V)MMox or. Picjied Thistle. Car dim H L. 1170. C. altissimus discolor Gray. C. t//s6'o/o'/* (Muhl.) Nutt. Roadsides and meadows; occasional. Aug. -Sept. 1171. C. ARVENsis Hoft'm. Canada Thistle. In fields and waste places; becoming too frequent. July-Sept, 1172. C. i.AXCEOLATus Willd. Common Thistlc. Roadsides and fields; common. Aug. -Oct. 1173. C. muticus l*ursh. Swamp Thistle. Frequent in swamps. Aug —Sept. COREOPSIS L. TicKSKEJ). 1174. C. lanceolata L. Dry sandy soil; local. ]\Lid-June-M id-July. BluflFs at Plaintield Village; Belmont; Real's Road and Clyde Park, near Burton Ave. Swamp (M.tfeC); Plainfield, near the State Road in Cannon. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 151 1175. C. trichosperma tenuiloba Gray. Bidens trichoaperina tenuiloba (Gray) Britton. In marshes, often so abundant as to make them one mass of yel- low in Septcjiiber. Il7ti. C. tripteris L. Tall Coreopsis. Light soil in and about oak openings; occasional. Aug. Vergenncs; Cascade; Plainfield; Lamberton Lake region: Cale- donia; Cannon. 1177. C. verticillata L. Collected at Grand liapids several years ago by Prof. C. F. Wheeler. Specimen in the M.A.C. Herbarium — destroyed by fire in 1890. ECHINACEA Moeuch. Puhpi.k Conk-klowkb. lirauiierla Neck. 1178. E. purpurea Moench. The only plant ever found in this district was collected in a field near Butterworth Ave., Aug. IG, 1891, by Mrs. Delia Bailey Cobb. In the herbarium of Mrs. Hattie M. Bailey Pieters. Rare in the State. ECHINOPS L. E. sPHAEiiooKPHALUs L. Great Globe-thistle. Waste places; adventive. Aug.— Sept. Butterworth Ave., near John Ball Park, City, 1896 (O.H.); Park Ave., near the "big ditch," City (Mrs.E.L.Sones); Upper River Road, near the Midland Plaster and Cement Mill; Fish Pond. Only one or two plants at any of these stations. It has been reported from one other locality in the State. A European plant introduced into the United States some years ago as a "bee plant." ERECHTiTES Raf. Fikkweed. 1179. E. praealta Raf. (E. hieracifoha ^a/".) Especially common on new clearings. Aug.-Sept. 152 ri.(»KA l>K (JItAM) liAI'lDS. ERIGERON L. Fi kvhank. 118U. E. annuus Tcis. Daisy l'"li';il»:ino. Sw<'i;t Sc;il»i<)UH. Fields; ooniiiion. July-Oci. llHl. E. bellidifolius Muhl. ItdhiiTs l-*l;xntuiii. /•;. l,,>lrh,llus Mi.-hx. i''ii-!<>(.-< (Walt.) P.. S.I*. Fields; common. .Iiilv Oct. EUPATORIUM L. Tmokoikiiwokt. lib;'). E. ageratoidcs L. NViiite ?Snake-root. FrtHjiuMii in moist woods. Auiinal. Farm of ,1. K. Phillips. Sec. 19. Paris, where it has maintained CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 153 itself ior several yeurs; prolwbly introduced from the 8outh- West, through refuse from the Felt-Boot Factory(Allen Phillips). HELENIUM L. Snkkze-weed. 1!!>I. H. autiimnale L. Allvnial soil: frequent. Aug.-Sc])!.. HELIANTHUS L. Sunflower. H, annuus L. Common Sunflower. Escaped from cultivation and persistently self-seeding for sev- eral years. July-Sept. llv)i!. H. decapetalus L. Low woods; frequent. Mid-Aug—Sept. 1193. H. divaricatus L. Dry woods and banks: common. Aug.-Sejjt. Il'.i4. H. giganteus L. Low ground; common and variiiblc. Aug. -Sept. into. H. occidentalis Riddell. In and about oak openings; frequent and well distributed. Aug.- Sept. li9H. li. petsoiaris Nutt. UntiHed ground. ,)uly-Oct. Escaped from cultivation, and persistently self-seeding since 1893, on East Bridge St., near Ransom St., City; Farm of J. E.Phillips, Sec. r.), Paris; probably introduced through refuse from the Felt-Boot Factory. Native on the western prairies. 1197. ii. strumosus L. Woods and shaded ground; common. Mid-Aug.-Sept. 1198. Ii. tuberosus L. Jerusalem Artichoke. Escaped from cultivation and becoming frequent. Aug.-Sept. HIERACIUM L. Hawkavked. 1199. H. Canadense Michx. - Cominon in dry woods and thickets. Mid-July-Sept. l.')4 FLUUA ()V GKAXl) RAIMDS. 120U. H. Oronovil L. ll:iiiv Hawk weed. Dry soil in .I.,lin V,a\\ Paik, City (O.ll.). Rare. .fuly-Aup:. 12U1. H. lonjfipilum 'I'orr. I.(>ii<;-1)eardc'cl llawkwoud. Iji dry sandy sdil; si-an-c. M id-.I iily-Aiig. Aloni; the road runiiin*; midway thioiiiifli Sec. 6, Plaintield; Sec. :^, Georgetown; near Fiyher Station (R. E. Matteson); woods of VV. iM. Snow, S. E. } of tlie N. W. } of Sec. 15, Cascade. 12UL\ H. scabrum Michx. Coiniiicii ill dry woods. .Mid-.f idv-Sept. Ii;u;i H. venosum K. Rjitllcsnake-weed. In dry woods and thickets; frequent. June-July. Forms occur whii-h do not have purple veined root leaves. INULA L. Kl.KCAMHAXK. 1204. I. Hki.knium L. Elecampane, Occasional along roadsides where it has escaped from cultiva- tion. .July- Aug. It has nmintained itself fifty years or more on the N. W. ^ of Sec. 'SO, Vergennes. KRIGIA Schreb. Dwakk Dam.!:i.!o.\. A(i(}pof/on Neck. ]-20'). K. amplexicaulis Nutt. .4. Vlrr/i/iici/ffi (L.) Kuntze. Moist hillsides or banks on oak land; frequent. June. 120G. K. Virginica Willd. A. CaroUnianurn (Walt.) Biitton. Dry sandy soil in open, oak woods; frequent. June. KUHNIA I.. 1-2U7. K. eupatorioides L. Dry soil; locally abundant. .Mid-July-Aug, Plainfield Village; hillsides near the Eagle Plaster Mills; Ada Village; Plaster Creek; Lamlierton Lake region; Crooked Lake region. Infrequent in the State. CATALOGUE OP PLANTS. 155 LACTUCA L. Lkttuck. 1208. L. Canadensis L. Wild Lettuce. Common in rich soil. July-Sept. 1209. L. hirsuta Muhl. Dry soil; scarce. Mid-Juiie-Se[»t. Bluffs along Hogadone Road, near Hogadone Creek. 1210. L. leucophaea Gray. X. Hpii'dtd (Lam.) Hitch. Common in moist soil. Aug.-Sept. 1211. L. ScARioLA L. Prickly Lettuce. Waste places; frequent. Mid-July-Aug. It first appeared in this country on a dumping-ground of an At- lantic seaport. In three years it had reached Michigan, and in eight years, the Pacific coast. LEPACHYS Raf. liatihJda Uaf. 1212. L. pinnata Torr. &, Gray. Dry soil, especially along streams; occasional. Mid-July-Aug. Thornapple River; Rouge River; Grand River. Abundant at these stations. LIATRIS Schreb. Button^ Snakekoot. Blazixg-Stak. Larimirid Hill. 1213. L. cylindracea Michx. Sterile soil; well distributed, but scattered. Aug. 1214. L. scariosa Willd. Blazing-Star. Dry soil: common. Aug. 12i:). L. spicata Willd. Marshy ground; frequent. Aug. ONOPORDON L. Cotton or Scotch Thistle. 12 It). O. Acanthium L. Sterile soil of old fields; not abundant. June-Sept. Collected in the south part of the City in 1872 (Prof. C.F. Wheeler); fields at the corner of Lake Ave. and Packard St., i;)t; i-i,(>i:.\ ok (;i:.\m> iiaimds. City, 18!>G (Frank Wurzburfj:); tk-KLs at ihc eonior of George St. and East Fuller St., near Collejre Ave., City, 1896 {M.&C). It is not known to occur clscwlicre in the State. [>OLYMNIA I.. Li:.u-('ri'. I J 17. P. Canadensis I.. i,el. Almnilant in the Soldiers' Home woods; Hilton's Lake; alonp: the 1). (t. H. cfe M.Ky. between Ada N'illaire and l>owell; Cedar Swainii ( Weatlierwa.v Part). 1-216. P. Uvedaliri L. Rich moist woods in.lohn IJall Park, City. Aug. Its oeeurrencc in the State has only one previous mention. PRENANTHES Vaill. Katti.ksn-a:vE-root. Xnlxdns Cass. 1219. P. alba L. White Lettuce. Rattlesnake-root. Borders of rich woods. Au,2:.-Sept. Abundant and varialdf, often 6 feet high. 12:.'u. P. altissima L. FreqiuMir in moist, oak woods. Aug. 12-21. P. raceniosa Michx. In moist, open places along the D. (4. IL & M. Ry., oast of the City (B.Q.Hazlewood). Scarce. Aug.-Sept. RUDBECKIA L. Coxk-ki.owek. 122-2. R. hirta L. Black Eyed Susan. Dry soil; common. July-Aug. Occasionally the rays are reddish-brown. "Nativii oidy on the western prairies. Widely distributed in the East as a weed." 122;j. R. laciniata L. Frequent in springy places. Aug.-Sept. 1224. R. speciosa Wender, Meadows; frequent. Aug.-Sept. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 157 SENECIO L. (Ir.)LM).sj:l. 1225. S. atriplicifolius Hook. (Cacalia atriplicif olia i.) Jlesadenia atrijylicifolla (Ij.) Raf. Frequent on the margins of oak openings. Aug. 1220. S. aureus L. Golden Ragwort. Squaw-weed. Open .swamps; frequent and variable. Mid-May-Mid-June. 1227. S. aureus obovatus Torr. & Gray. Dry soil: common. Mid-May-Mid-June. SILPHIUM L. Rosix-WEKD. 122S. S. terebinthinaceum Jaeq. In oak openings; local. Aug.-Sept. D. G. II. & M. Ry. at East St.; bank of Grand River below the Lower Swing Bridge; north side of Fisk Lake (O.H.); Silver Creek at Jefferson Ave., City. Infrequent in the State, SOLIDAGO L. Goi.DENwtoi). 12-29. S. bicolor L. Dry banks; local. Sept. Ilogadone Creek region (O.H.). It is only known to occur at two other stations in the State. 1230. S. bicolor concolor Torr. & (iray. S. hi lip Ida Muhl. Dry woods and fields: frequent. Last of Aug.-Sept. 1231. S. caesia L. Common in rich woods. Aug.-Sept. 1282. S. caesia axillaris Gray. Found with the type. Aug.-Sept. 123;). S. Canadensis L. Common and variable. Sept. -Oct. 1234. S. juncea Ait. Not uncommon in op(M» jilaces. Mid-July-first of Aug. 1235. S. lanceolata L. Kuthi'iiild i]iain!nif, Cascade; Clear Lake; La]ii].'Ovt<)ii i.ake region. 1:^;>8. S. nemoralis Ail. Coninioii ill IiL,>-lit soil. Aiig.-Si-jit. 12:;n. S. Ohioensis Riddell. In marshes and spriiif^y places; inl'recjiuMit. Mid-Aug.-Sept, I). Cf. II. it M. Ily., east of City; Waiden Lake; Laniherton Lake; i>utton L.ake; See. 31, Plain field; Cam pan Lake, l-JAO. S. patula Mnhl. Common in swampy u'roujid. Amx- l->n. S. RidtJeliii Frank. In wet ground; occasional. Mid-Aug-t!^cpt. Crehid Swamp; along the railroads, south of Burton Ave.; below the Eagle Plaster Mill.s, along the L. S. «ib M. S. Ry.; South Di- vision St., near Plaster Creek; Carritjr Creek and North Union St., City; Lamberton l^ake; Stafford Lake. \2[-2. S. rigida L. Dry banks; occasional. Aug. Bluffs at Plainfield Village; along tlie bluffs of Rouge River; Pine Mill; Pine Island Lake; Vergennes; Grand Ra])ids. Infre- <]uent in the State. \-2-l'S. S. rigidiuscula (Torr. & Gray) JVuter. (S. sjteeiosa angnstala Gray,) In dry sandy soil; frequenl in <.>ak openings. Mid-July-Mid-Aug. The first golden-rod to flower. Its occurrence is known in but one other locality in ihe State. 1'24-t. S. rugosa :Mill. Moist soil; common. Last of Aug. -Sept. CATALOGUE OF PLANTS. 159 124.1. S. sero;.ina A\\. Borders of woods; I'rcqueiit. Last of .July- Aug. 124f>. S. serotJna gigantea Gray. Found with tlie typ«*. Last of .luly-Aue:. 1247. S. speciosa Nutt. Light soil, ill atid about oak openings: common, Sept. 1248. S. teniiifolia Puish. jbh(thar/i.iu Caroli ulana (L.) Greene. h\ sandy soil. Pine Island Lake at the "picnic grounds"; found also in Blendon. Kot abundant. Aug. 1249. S. uliginosa Xutt. In swamps; occasional. Aug. Button Lake; Clear i^akc. 12.50. S. ulmifolia Mnhl. Grows on the edges of the "sand-pit" in John Ball Park, City. Rare. Aug. -Sept. SONCML'S L. Sow-Thi^ti.k. 1251. S. Asi'KK Hill. Spiny-leaved Sow-Thistle. Waste places, in rich ground; frequent. July-Sept. 1252. S. oLER.vcKus L. Common Sow-Thistle. Fields and waste places; frequent. July-Sept. TANACETUM L. Tansy. 1253. T. vuniAUE L. Tansy. Escaped from cultivation; frequent near dwellings. July-Sept. TARAXACUM Hall. Dandelion. 1254. T. officinale Weber. Common Dandelion. T. Tarct^MGum (L.) Karst. Fields, everywhere. May-Oct. "Distributed as a weed in all civilized parts of the world." TRAGOPOGON L. Goat's-bread. 1255. T. PORraFor.ius L. Salsify. Vegetable Oyster. Escaped from cultivation to roadsides; becoming frequent. Sum- mer. hiil Fl.OltA OK (iKANl) J^AHIDS. iL'oO. T. I'UATKNsis L. (Joat's-bcanl. Alonii2, seeds from these plants were sent to the Botanical Garden of 1^1. A. C, where it still maintains itself. Besides this species, several others, inu|ueetionably introduced in the same manner, are found on the i'arm of Mr. Phillips; as. Cen- taur ea rirgata, J'Ji'i/nimvm. fisptrxnt, O'rindrJia squarrosa, Helranthu8 ptt.iolaris, and Sisymbrhmi Trio. To note the plants which a]i})ear and become established on the premises of those using the refuse from this Factory, would be of general interest and importance. Of late, considerable of the material used in the Factory has Iteen inii»orted from India, Persia, and Hussia. VERNONIA Schreb. Iijon-wkko. Il'oT. V. altissima Niitt. ' • (liifctntea (Walt.) Britton. In moist soil: frequent. Ang.-iMid-Sept. 12r,8. V. altissima grandiflora Gray. I '. />riimmondii. Shuttlw. River banks and low ground; frequent. Aug.-Mid-Sejn. 1259. V. glaucaL. Britton. On light soil along the roadside between West Bridge St. and Stafford Lake. Aug. XANTHIUM L. Gocklkhuk. Cloth jr. 1200. X. CanacSense .Mill. Common along river bnnks Hud in waste places. Aug. -Oct. O er the tangled slopes where the hazels spring. The witches cast charms, I am told. And the rays of sunshine must twist and cling Till stiffened by snow and cold. ■ Each little brown pod is the home of an elf Which peeps from its window in glee; While I stand bewitched in a spell myself. They leap i ut with a laugh at me. M. B. F. INDEX. Page. A>>ele ■ 54 Abutilon IOC Acacia, Tbree-tborned 92 Acalypha 100 Acer lO:! ACERACEAE 103 Acerates vn Achillea 145 Acnida 154 Acoi'u* 33 Actaea 69 Auam-and-Eve 47 Adder 's-Mouth 51 ADDER'S-TOXGUE FAMILY 1 Adder'y-Tongue. Yellow 44 Adiantum 2 Adlumia 75 Agrimonia 83 Agrimony 83 Agroin'ron li At^ostis 13 Allan thus 99 AILANTIIUS FAMILY 09 AIZOACEAE 66 Alder 50 Blact 102 Speckled or Hoary 50 Aletris 4a Alfalfa 80 Alisma 11 ALISMACEAE 11 Allium 43 Allspice, Wild 74 Alnus .50 Alopecurus 13 Althaea 106 Alum-root 82 Alvssum 75 Page. AMAR ANTACEAE 64 Amaranth 65 AMx-'s.RANTH FAMILY. 64 Amarantus 65 AMARYLLID ACEAE . . 46 AMARYLLIS FAMILY 46 Ambrosia 145 Amelanchier 88 Amorpha 93 Amijelopsls 105 Amphicarpa 93 ANACARDIACEAE .... 101 Anaphalis 145 Andromeda 119 I Andropogon 13 'Anemone 70 t Angelica 113 Annlo-ipfrmae 8 ANONACEAE 60 Antennaria 145 Anthemis 146 Apera 13 Aphyllon 138 Apios 93 Aplectrum 47 APOCYN ACEAE 123 Apocynum 123 Apple 89.60 American Crab . . 90 Cultivated GO May 73 Thorn 132 APPLE FAMILY 88 Aciuiietjia 70 Arabis 75 Araceae 39 Aralla 112 ARALIACEAE 112 Arbor Vitac » Page, Arbutus, Trailing 119 Arctium 140 Arctostaphylos 119 Arenaria 66 Arethusa 47 Arisaema 89 ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. 80 Arro\s--head U wood 142 Artemisia 147 Artichoke, Jerusalem.. 153 Arum, Arro-vr 39 Dragon 39 Water 39 ARUM FAMILY 39 Asarabacca 6() Asarura W ASCLEPIAD ACEAE .. 124 Asclepia.s 124 Ash 122 Mountain 89 Prickly 09 Asimina 69 Asparagus 43 Aspen 54 Asphodel, False 46 Aspidium 'i Asplenium 3 Asprella 14 Aster 147 Astragalus 93 Atriplex 63 Avena 14 Avens 84 Balm of Gilead 54 Bee 130 Horse 129 Balsam 104 apple. Wild 143 W2 LNhJ'.A'. -, I BALSAMINACEAK .... 104 Kaiifberry «5it Uai'barea Barberry BAKUliKllY FA\aLY 73 Bartonla 122 Basil ISl Basswood 1<»5 Baylicrry 54 Bean, Wild iio Bear berry 119 Beard-tongue lao Beavcr-Poisou 114 Bedsiraw 140 Boecb 57 Blue or Water 57 BEKOH KAM1I.,Y 57 Betcb-droyis 189 ral.se 118 Beggar's Lice lir Begg;.T.r-iick.s il'J Bellilower ill Hellwuri 40 Beiijauiiii-buj.li 74 IJERiiElClDACEAE .... 73 Berbcris 73 Rergamot. Wild 121 Bcrula 113 Be tony , Wood 13C Betula 57 BETULACEAE 56 Bideijs I4>t Bilberry im Bindweed 1^5 Black 61 Hedge 125 Birch 57 BIRCH FAMILY 56 Birthroot IG Bishop's Cap 8:i Bitter-nut 53 Bittersweet 133 Climbingor burubby... 1C2 BIRTHWORT FAMILY 60 Blackberry 86,87 Black Eyed Susan 156 Bladder-nui 103 BLADDER-XUT FAM- ILY 103 Bladderwort 138 KLADDERWOKT FAiM- ILY 133 Blazinp-.Star i.Vi I'agi Blephllia ii^ BUte. Strawberry 4 MYRICACEAE 54 Myriophyllum 112 Myrtle 124 Wax 54 NAIAD ACEAE 9 Naias 9 Nasturtium 79 Neckweed 137 Negundo 104 Neillia 85 Nemopanthus 102 Nepeta 131 Nettle 60 False 59 Hedge 132 Horse 133 Wood 60 NETTLE FAMILY 59 Nettle-tree 58 Nigella 71 Nightshade 133 Enchanter's 110 NIGHTSHADE FAMILY 132 Nimble Will 19 Nine-bark 85 Nonesuch 96 Nuphar .' 68 NYCTAGINACE AE .... 65 Nymphaea 68 Page. NYMPHAE ACEAE .... 68 Nyasa 117 Oak 58 Jerusalem 63 Poison 101 Oat 14 Oats, Water 24 OEnothera' Ill OLEACEAE 122 OLIVE FAMILY 122 ONAGRACEAE 110 Onion 43 Onoclea .. 3 Onopordon 155 OPHIOGLOSSACEAE . 1 Orache 63 Orange, Osage 59 Orange-root 71 ORCHIDACEAE ORCHID FAMILY . . Orchis Rein OROBANCH ACE AE . 47 47 52 49 138 Orpine 81 ORPINE FAMILY 81 Oryzopsis 20 Osier 55 Osmorrhiza 115 Osmunda 4 Ostrya 57 OX ALID ACEAE 98 Oxalis 98 Oxybaphus 65 Oyster, Vegetable 159 Painted-Cup, Scarlet .. 134 Panicum 20 Pansy 110 Papaver 74 PAP AVERAGE AE 74 Papaw 09 PAPILIONACEAE .... 93 Pappoose-root 73 Parnassia 82 PARSLEY FAMILY... 113 Parsley, Hemlock 114 Parsnip 116 Cow 115 Water 116 j Partridge-berry 141 ■ Pastinaca 116 1 Pea, Everlasting 94 Hoary 96 PEA FAMILY 93 Pea-nut. Hog 93 I Page. Peach 91 Pear 89 Pedicularis 136 Peltandra 39 Pennyro}'al 129 Pennywort, Water 115 Penthorum 81 Pentstemon 136 Peppergrass 79 Pepperidge 117 Peppermint 130 Pepper-root 78 Pepperwort 79 Periwinkle 124 Phalaris 22 Phegopteris 4 Phleum 22 Phlox 126 PHLOX FAMILY 126 Phragmites 23 Phryma 139 Physalis 133 PHRYM ACEAE 139 Physostegia 131 Phytolacca 65 PHYTOLACCACEAE.. 65 Picea 7 Pickerel- weed 41 PICKEREL- WEED FAMILY 41 Pigeon-berry 65 Pig-nut 53 Pig-weed 63 Winged 64 Pllea 60 Pimpernel, False 135 Water 121 Pimpinella lie Pine T Ground PINE FAMILY 7 Pine-sap 118 Pink 67 Ground or Moss .. 126 Maiden 67 Mullein 67 PINK FAMILY 66 Pinus 7 Pinweed 108 Pipe, Indian 118 PIPE WORT FjVMIL Y . . 40 Pipsissewa 118 PITCHER PLANT FAM- ILY 81 1^)8 INDEX. PLANE-TREE B'AMILY 83 Plain. Lead 93 PLANTAUINACEAE .. 139 Planlago 13« Plantain 13tf Mud 41 Rattlesnake .. 4U Robin's 152 Water 11 PLANTAIN FAMILY . . 13« PLATANACEAE 83 Platanus 83 Pleurisy-root 125 Pliim 90 PLUM FAMILY 90 Pua 23 Podopbyllum 73 Pogonia 52 Pokeweed 65 POKEWEED FAMILY 65 Polanisla 80 POLEMONI ACE AE .... 126 Polygala 9y POLYGALACEAE 99 POLYGON ACE AE 60 Polygonatum 45 Polygouella 60 Polygonum 01 Polymnia 156 POMACEAE.. 88 Pondweed 9 POND WEED FAMILY. 9 Poutederia 41 PONTEDEHIACEAE .. 41 Poplar W Poppy 74 Celandine 74 POPPY FAMILY 74 Populus . 54 PortulacaJ 66 POKTULAC ACE AE .... 66 Potamogeton 9 Potato-vine, Wild 125 Potentilla 85 Prenanthes 156 Primrose, Evening. . .. Ill PRIMROSE FAMILY.. 121 PRIMULACEAE 121 Princes Feather 62 Princes Pine 118 Proserplnaca 112 Prunella 131 Prunua 90 P<»llorarva 87 Page. Ptelea 99 Pttridophyta 1 Pteris 4 Puccoon 127 Yellow 71 Purse, Shepherd's 77 Pur.slane C6 Water Ill PURSLANE FAMILY. 66 Putty-root. 47 I'ycnanthemum 131 Pyrola 118 PYKOLACEAE 118 Pyrus 89 Queen of the Prairie ... 87 Quercus 58 Radish. Wild 80 Ra^oveed 145 Ragwort. Golden 157 Ramsted 135 RANUNCULACEAE ... 69 Ranunculus 71 Raphanus 80 Raspberry 86. 87 Rattle.snake-root 156 Rattlcsnake-wced 154 j Red-bud 93 j Red-root 105, 127 i Red-top ; 13 j False 23 I Reed 23 Bur 8 RHAMNACEAE 105 Rhamnus 105 Rheumatism-root 73 Rhus 101 Ilibes 82 Ribgrass 133 Ribwort 139 Rice, Indian 24 Mountain 20 Water 24 Rich-weed 60, 129 Robinia 96 Rocket, Sand 78 Yellow 76 Rock-rose 107 ROCK-ROSE FAAULY. 107 Rosa 86 ROSACEAE 83 Rose 83 ROSE FAMILY 83 Rosin-weed 157 RUBIACEAE 140 Page. Rubus 80 Rudbeckla 15S RUE FAMILY 00 Rue, Goat's 06 Meadow 78 Rumex 62 Rush 01 Bald 87 Beak 37 Bog 41 Club 37 Nut 30 Scouring 4 Soft 42 Spike 34 Twig 33 Wood 42 RUSH FAMILY 41 RUTACEAE 09 Rye, Wild 16 Ry nchospora 37 Sage 131 Wood 132 Sagittaria u St. John's- wort 106 ST. JOHNS-WORT FAMILY 106 SALICACEAE 54 Sallx 65 Salsify 159 Salsola 64 Salvia 181 SAURURACEAE 53 Sambucu.«i 142 Samolus 121 SANDALWOOD FAMI- LY 60 Sandwort 66 Sanguinaria 74 Sanicle 116 Sanicula 116 S ANTAL ACE AE ; . 60 Saponarla 67 Sarracenia 81 SARRACENIACEAE... 81 Sarsaparilla 112 Sassafras 74 Saururus 53 Saxifraga 82 SAXIFRAQACEAE ... 82 Saxifrage 82 Golden 82 SAXIFRAGE FAMILY 82 Scabious, Sweet 152 INDEX. 168 Page. Scheucbzeria U Scirpus 37 Scleranthus 67 Scleria 39 Scoke 65 Scrophularia 136 SCROPHULARIACEAE 134 Scutellaria 132 Seal, Golden 71 Sedge 25 SEDGE FAMILY 25 Sedum 81 Selaginella 6 SELAGINELLACEAE. 6 Self-heal 131 Senecio 157 Senna CI SENNA FAMILY 91 Service-berry 88 Setaria 24 Shad-bush 88 Sheep-berry 143 Shell-bark 53 Shin-leaf 118 Sickle-pod 75 Side-saddle Flower 81 Silene 67 Silkweed 124 Silphium 157 SIM ARUBACEAE 99 Sisymbrium 80 Sisyrinchium 47 Sium 116 Skullcap 132 Smartweed 61 Smilacina 45 Smilax 45 Snake-head 134 Snakeroot, Black 1 16 Button 155 Seneca 100 White 152 Sneeze-weed 153 Suowberry 142 Creeping ... 119 Soapwort 67 SOL AN ACE AE 132 Solanura 133 Solea 108 Solidago 157 Solomon's Seal 45 False .. 45 Sonchus 159 Sorrel 62 Page Sorrel, Wood 98 WOOD-SORREL FAMI- LY 98 Sour-Gum Tree 117 Sparganium 8 Spartina 24 Spearmint 130 Specularia 144 Speedwell 137 Sijermatophyta 7 Spice-bush 74 Spiderwort 41 SPIDERWORT FAMILY 41 Spikenard ii3 False 45 Spindle-tree 102 Spiraea 87 Spiranthes 53 Spleenwort 3 Sporobolus 21 Spring-Beauty 60 Spruce, black 7 Spurge 100 SPURGE FAMILY .... 100 S^uaw-root 13V» Squaw-weed 157 Squirrel Corn 75 Stachys 132 Staff-tree 102 STAFF-TREE FAMILY lai Staphylea 10;j STAPH YLEACEAE.... 103 Star-flower 122 Star-grass 46 Starwort 68, 147 Steeple-Bush 87 Steironeraa 121 Stellaria 68 Stickseed 127 Stick-tight 149 Stipa 24 Stitchwort, Long-leaved 68 Stone-crop 81 Ditch 81 Stone-root 129 Storksbill 97 Stramonium, Common. 132 Strawberry 84 Barren 87 Strawberry Bush 103 Stylophorum 74 Succory 150 Sugarberry 58 Sumac 101 Page. Sundew 81 SUNDEW FAMILY.... 81 Sundrops Ill Sunflower 153 Sweetbrier 86 Sweet Cicely 115 SWEET-GALE FAMILY 54 Sycamore 83 Symphoricarpos 142 Symphytum 128 Symplocarpus 40 Synthyris 136 Syringa 122 Tamarack 159 Tanacetum 159 Tansy .... 159 Taraxacum 159 Tare 97 Taxus 8 Tea, Labrador 119 i\ew Jersey 105 Oswego 130 Tear-thumb. Arrow- leaved 62 Teasel 143 TEASEL FAMILY .... 143 Tephrosia 96 Teucrium 1,^2 Thalictrum 73 Thimbleberry 86 Thistle 150 Great Globe 151 Russian 64 Scotch 155 Sow 159 Thorn-Apple 132 Thorn, White 88 Thorough wort 152 Thuya 8 THYMELEACEAE 110 Tickseed 150 Tiedemannia 116 Tilia 105 TILIACEAE 105 Timothy 22 Toad-flax 135 Bastard 60 Tobacco, Indian 144 Tofieldia 46 Tooth wort 78 Touch-me-not 104 Tradescantia 41 Tragopogon 159 170 INDEX. I'age. Ti-.-f<.il \n Shrubby W' Ti.-.k M Tricutalis V£l Trifolium 97 Trlglochin 11 Trillium 46 Trlostcum H2 Trumpet- Weed lo2 Tsuga 8 Tulip-tree 0!> Tupelo 117 Turnip 76 Indian 39 Turtle-head 134 Tway blade 51 Twin-tlower 141 Twin-leaf 73 Typha 9 TYPHACEAE 8 ULMACEAE 58 Ulmus 59 U.MBELLIFERAE 113 Urtica 60 URTICACEAE 59 Utricularia 1S8 Uvularla 46 V ACCIXI ACE AE 1 19 Vaccinium 1^0 Valerian 143 Valeriana 143 VALERIANACEAE ... 143 VALERIAN FAMILY . . 143 Valerianella 143 Vallisneria 12 Velvet-leaf 106 Verbascum 137 Verbena 128 VERBENACEAE 128 Page. Verbrslna KU Vernonia ItVJ V«'n>nicH 137 Vervain l-*< VERVAIN FAMILY ... 128 Vetch 97 Milk 03 Viburnum 142 Vlcia 97 Vlnca 124 VINE FAMILY 105 Viola 108 VIOLACEAE 108 Violet 108 Dog's-tooth 43 Green 108 VIOLET FAMILY 108 Virgin'.s- Bower 71 VITACEAE 105 Vitis 105 Wahoo 102 Wake Robin 46 Waldsleinia 87 Wall-fiower, Western.. 78 Walnut 53 WALNUT FAMILY ... . 53 Watcrlcaf 126 WATEKLEAF FAMILY' 120 WATER-LILY' FAMILY 63 Water-Milfoil 112 WATEK-MILFOIL FAMILY 112 Water-Nymph 68 Water-Pepper 61 WATER-PLANTAIN FAMILY 11 Water-Shield 68 Water-weed 12 AVax-work 102 PaKc. WUeat-Thief 127 Willow f*.'* WILLOW FAMILY .... 54 Wili.AV-herb 110 Wiiid-llower 70 Wiulerberry 102 Wiatergreen 118 Aromatic. 1)9 Chickweed 122 Creeping . 119 Spotted... 118 WINTERGREEN FAM- ILY 118 Wltch-IIaael b3 WITCH-HAZEL FAM- 83 ILY 83 Withe-rod 142 V.'olf berry 142 WolQla 40 Woodbine 141 WOOD-SORREL FAM- ILY 98 Woodwardia 4 Wormwood 147 Roman 145 Xanthium 160 Xanthoxylum 99 XYRIDACEAE 40 Xyris 40 YAM FAMILY 47 Yam-root, Wild 47 Yarrow 145 YELLW-EYED-GRASS FAMILY' 40 Yew, American 8 Zizania 24 Zizla 116 Zygadenus 46 QK 164 .064"""'^"'"'°""^"^""^^^ .„ Cole Emma Jane/Grand Rapids flora: a ca 3 5185 00131 4234 '^^r-w s^' y. (.^* jfe ^-^