I XX". Vy ,//v The BEST BUCKLES for ARCTICS ARB HADE BV THE WELD MFQ. CO., 41 Llocolo Street, * • Boston. fr. TABLE OF CONTENTS 392. BUYERS' DIRECTORY 52. RAIN COATS Matt have this CticaUc Trade Uirk •tamped ia inside of coat..... '\m-?^ 1 si 9 a Edited by HENRY C. PEARSON- Offices, No. 35 West 21st Street, NEW YORK. Vol xxxvn. no. i. OCTOBER 1, 1907. 35 CENTS. $3.00 Per Year. $3.50 Abroad. > a L . . O ^^5==i> BEST QUALITY OF RUBBERAr"* COTTON Massachusetts Chemical Co. ^1^^ WALPOLE, MASS., U. S. A. Operates Walpole Rubber Works, Walpole Varnish Works RUBBER MANUFACTURERS CAN SAVE MONEY BY USING OUR N.. 17 RUBBER FLUX N.. 48 It permits additional compounding and puts old stocks in a merchantable condition ^ Our Flux is used extensively by wire manufacturers for slicking and weather- proofing. ^ Write for prices and samples. ^ We are the largest manufacturers of Friction Tapes in the world. If interested write us about Friction Tape and Cloth. IT STICKS LAMPBLACKS ESPECIALLY FOR RUBBER MANUFACTURE SAMUEL CABOT, BOSTON. MASS, OqI ffl «u THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1907. MARK OF QUALmr ESTABLISHED 1854 SFECl&I. ATTEMTION 0I7EN TO EXFOBT BTJSnrESS. COBBESrOHDENCE AND IKQITIBrES SOLICITED. The Canadian Rubber Co. of Montreal MANUFACTURERS OF (.IWIITBIS ALL KINDS OF HIGH GRADE GENERAL RUBBER GOODS AND SOLE MAKERS OF THE Celebrated "CANADIAN" Rubbers We ape always open to correepond wltL experienced Robber men, both for Factory and Executive Work. Factory and Executive Oifices: InrenUons kindred to the Trade and Ideas for derelopment, Inrlted. MfklMTDFAl D fk Oo'' Derelopment Department fire* ITi \^ II 1 K ■_>«■_, f. V« these matters special attention. Canadian Sale* Branches: HALIFAX, N. S., MONTREAL. Qua., TORONTO, Onl., WINNIPEG, Man., RECINA, SASK., CALGARY, AKa.. VANCOUVER, B. C, VICTORIA, B. C. D. LORNE MoGIBBON, J. C. NICHOLSON, U. C. Min.T.ABKY, R. J. TOUNeE. S. LLOTD JONES, Tica-Prei, & Mana^np Direotor. Manager ICechanical Goods. Manager Footwear Dept. Sales Manager. Sect.-Treaa. B. LOEWENTHAL & COMPANY EW YORK, 136 Liberty St. BUY AND SELL «„„,„-,,„„__ mOAGO, .62 «h Avenue. .- -v -oB SCRAP RUBBER IN ANY QRADE IN ANY QUANTITY. William H. Scheel jMcrcbant Telephone Call 840 John Registered Cablegram Address. ••OBLIGATO,' New YorK 159 Maiden Lane and 37 Fletcher Street NEW YORK, NEW YORK, U. S. A. Rubber Makers' Necessities and Supplies for Producers of Surfacers, for Waterproofing, Saturating Materials and Electrical Insulating Purposes, viz. : LIME FLOUR PIGMENTS Standard and Brilliant RUBBER SURROGATES White and Brown SULPHURETTE-ANTIMONY Golden and Crimson RED OXIDE HYPO BLACK CHLORIDE OF SULPHUR GENUINE LITHARGE Powdered and Flake SULPHUR VEGETABLE BLACKS BLACK FILLER BISULPHIDE CARBON TETRACHLORIDE CARBON VERMILION ROSIN Chemically Treated SHELLAC GILSONITE ASPHALTUM HYDRO CARBON MINERAL RUBBER ELASTIC COMPOUND COMPO BLACK WAXES, Ceresine, Ozokerite VARNISH MAKERS' SUPPLIES INSULATING COMPOUNDS PLEASE WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS We are alert to present unknown natural products to the producers of rubber goods and others so soon as our investigating department finds them of sufficient interest. /\DOLF»H HIRSCH & CO. Importer* and Dealers In Brazil Manicoba and Sheet Rubber OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS BRIDGE ARCH, 17 Frankfort St., NEW YORK Telephone 3198 KeekJuuii CalilB Addrt'ss 'Adhirsclico' ELECTRIC HOSE & RUBBER CO., WILMINGTON, DELAWARE. HANUFACTIIRERS OF Hose for all purposes by a new and improved process — made in any continuous length. Vulcanized under pressure. Cannot possibly unwrap or separate between plies. Great strength and durability. Ifentlon the India Rubber World when Kou tcrtfe. THE EUREKA STEAM TRAP. In construction the most simple ; in work, just as good as its construction is simple. Used by the Navy, Steel Mills, Paper Mills and Rubber Mills. Indispensable for Presses and Vulcanizers. OSGOOD SAYEN, 421 Arcade Building, Philadelphia, Pa. Mention Tkt Iniia Rubber World wh*n you write. October i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 1 Published on the 1st of each Month b^ THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHING GO., No. 35 WEST 21st STREET. NEW YORK. CABLE ADDRESS: IRWORLD. NEW TORE. HENRY C. PEARSON, EDITOR, HAWTHORNE HILL, ASSOCIATE. Vol. 37. OCTOBER 1. 1907. No. 1. Sdbschiptions : $3.00 per year, $1.73 for six months, postpaid, for the United States and dependencies and Mexico. To the Dominion of Canada and all other countries, $3.50 (or equivalent funds) per year, postpaid. Advertising : Rates will be made known on application. REMITTANCE.S : Should always be made by bank draft. Postofflce or Ex- press money orders on New York, payable to The India Robber Publishing Company. Remittances for foreign subscriptions should be sent by International Postal order, payable as above. Discontinuances : Yearly orders for subscriptions and advertising are regarded as permanent, and after the first twelve months they will be discontinued only at the request ot the subscriber or ad- vertiser. Bills are rendered promptly at the beginning of each period, and thereby our patrons have due notice of continuance. COPYRIGHT, 1007. BY THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHING CO. Entered at New York postotBcc as mail matter of the second class. TABLE OF CONTENTS ON LAST PAGE READING MATTER. SOME LARGE RUBBER PROFITS. IT is no longer necessary to argue that rubber can be produced on plantations, any more than in tlie case of rice or tea or cotton. Nor is it any longer a question whether it can be produced profitably. It is not by way of argument, therefore, that we refer here to some details from the latest report of the Vallambrosa estate which appear on another page. Our reason for selecting this company for special remark is both on account of the extent of the plantation and the fact that it is purely a rubber proposition, whereas the accounts of many of the other rubber producing companies in the Far East relate to other products as well as rubber. Briefly the history of the company is this : Early in 1904 the owners of three neighboring estates in the Fed- erated Malay States, or their representatives, got together in Edinburgh and formed a company for the amalgama- tion of tlieir interests. Some rubber had been planted during 1898 and the succeeding years, and the company planned to plant a lot more rubber. The new company issued shares of the par value in American money of $218,992.50, which they divided among themselves, while they allowed others to subscribe for $27,252.40 in shares, making a total issue of $246,244.90, which is the amount of capital stock now outstanding. From the date mentioned the work of the company was that of development and additional planting. When the company was two rears old — by which time the oldest rubber trees were six years old — it had marketed 39,113 pounds of rubber, with the result that the profit and loss account had a credit of $23,598.60. No dividend was de- clared, however. The figures for the third year — ended IMarch 31, 1907 — are of surpassing interest, viewed in comparison with agricultural profits generally. The company marketed 156,922 pounds of rubber for $195,900.96 at a profit of $1 per pound, gold, estimated by deducting from the cash proceeds the cost of tapping the trees, coagulating, pack- ing and transportation. The average yield per tree, from six to eight years in age, was about one pound. But meanwhile much additional planting had been done and this and the whole cost of the upkeep had been charged to revenue, so that the company figured its net profit al only $147,166.76. After a liberal allowance for directors' fees and a handsome "carry over" to the next year's ac- count, the dividend declared for the year was 55 per cent, on the capital stock issued, or a total of $135,489.70. The net results from the rubber marketed would have yielded a dividend of GSyi per cent, on the total capital. Is it any wonder that shares have changed hands recently in London at 9j/s times their par value — S46.84 for £1 shares ? While no other rubber planting company thus far has made such a favorable showing, it must be noted that no other rubber plantation on a similar scale is yet so fully developed. As for yield, the first year's planting on Highlands and Lowlands estates yielded during the last twelvemonth over 7 pounds per tree. Suppose all the \"allambrosa trees should do as well, when all of them reach the same age as at Highlands, at which time there would be no most cost of planting to be charged against revenue. At the prevailing rates for rubber the dividends would amount to several hundred per cent, a year. With such results possible it is easy to understand the com- placency with which rubber planters in the Far East dis- cuss the possibility, in the remote future, of rubber prices dropping to 3 shillings [=^73 cents] a pound. LIBR NEW HOT A I O.aKI RUBBER CONSOLIDATION IN ENGLAND. THERE has not yet existed in England any such amalgamation in the rubber goods industry as the American newspapers refer to habitually as "rubber trusts." But it might be suggested that, while diflfering in form, certain cases of community of interest in the British rubber industry are based upon the same prin- ciples as those upon which the American combinations have been based. For example, a mechanical goods manufacturing com- pany at Manchester has been reorganized lately under the control of the long-established Macintosh firm, who finance it and name the directors. The same firm not long since adopted a similar relation to another rubber factory near Manchester. But the dift'erent concerns each main- tain a separate corporate existence with nothing in the THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1907. conduct of the business to suggest a connection with the important house of Macintosh. Similarly the Franken- berg firm, also in Manchester, making rubber articles in many lines, now control a large factory making other lines which originally was a separate concern and is still advertised under a name and style of its own. And the house of Mandleburg — we are still in Manchester — specialists in the waterproofing branch, have taken over and reorganized a factory in the mechanical line at Wood- ley, but without directly amalgamating the two busi- nesses. At the last annual meeting of the Leyland and Birming- ham compan^• — itself the result of an amalgamation only a few years ago — it was announced that during the twelvemonth two smaller concerns had been acquired, though it is not announced whether the latter will retain the names in use hitherto. Likewise the latest report to the shareholders of the Callender firm, in the insulation field, announces that they have acquired sole control of the Anchor Rubber Co., and invested a large sum in the shares of two other companies. From the above it will be seen that within a year con- siderable progress has been made in the way of consoli- dation in the English rubber industry, while in the mean- time we recall no new rubber enterprise in that country launched upon an important scale. There may have been no apparent decrease in the list of rubber factories, but there has been a falling ofT in the number of distinct, sep- arate enterprises. A pertinent question is : How does the changed condition diflfer from that resulting in America \vhen a number of factories are brought under a single control by the floating of a big public company under a new name? It goes without saying that the various English rubber companies that have passed under the control of other concerns had become, for some reason or other, less able than formerly to maintain an independent existence. Or else, some advantage appeared likely from amalgama- tion with larger or more capably managed companies. And what about the buyers of these businesses? A firm like Macintosh, for example, being in a position to ex- tend their business, found certain factories equipped for making certain lines of goods, with an established repu- tation for their products, but possibly with some weak element in their organization which led their managers to consider propositions for reorganization. And in this set of conditions, with the results present and prospective, we see nothing essentially diiTerent from what has hap- pened in the way of rubber consolidation in the United States. It might be added here that every important American factory that has entered any of the so-called "trusts" is still known to the people who buy their goods under their old-time name. In fact The Ixdia Ruiu-.kk \\'()Ui.D is in constant receipt of inquiries as to whether this or that rubber factory belongs to the "trust." We arc no advocate of trust building or of trust "bust- ing," our interest being in recording the news of the trade. We have held to the idea, however, that the best thing for any trade is liable to be worked out by the com- bined intelligence of its leaders. Seeing, therefore, that the various combinations formed generally hold together, some salient advantages must result to certain concerns by the combination of the best talent which they possess, in the field of production, in the distribution of goods, and in financial administration. But while this may be best for some groups of concerns, other companies con- tinue to succeed and to grow as independents, showing that large aggregations of capital are not always essential, and in this fact lies not the least hope of the rubber in- dustry. The possibilities of success of an independent factory, even on a small scale, will encourage men to en- gage in the industry who otherwise might be debarred from it, and who, by working for themselves, may de- velop ability of a higher order, and consequently more progressiveness, than it is natural for most men to attain as part of a great corporate machine where individuality is at a discount. THE BOTANICAL BEDLAM. THERE need be no surprise over the fact that so many practical men set small store by the work of the botanists. To the average person they appear to be en- gaged mainly in quarreling over the Latin name to be given to a particular plant. Is it strange that men ask what does it ail amount to? Take the scientific nomenclature of rubber species. For years the principal supplies of African rubber were supposed to come from the climber described botanically as Landnlphia florida. Then other species of Landolphia were credited with more and more of the African output, until a good sized book was necessary to list all the Landolfhias that had been described. Then it began to be suspected that the Landolphia This described by Mr. B. and Landolpliia That described by iNIr. C. were none other than Landolphia Something-else described long be- fore bv Mr. .\., and to-day the confusion among the bot- anists over the different Landolpliias is worse than the linguistic difficulties that stopped work on the tower of Babel. To go back to Landolphia tlorida, it is generally agreed by the botanical sharps that it doesn't yield any rubber of commercial value. To come nearer home : Just as everybody interested had got accustomed to spelling Manihot Gla::iovii as the botanical designation of the rubber tree of Ceara, in Brazil, known to the natives as "manicoba," the whole business threatens to be upset by the discovery that cer- tain rubber trees farther south, also kmiwn locally as "maniQoba" and assumed to be the same tree, really are not the same. "Manitoba" rubber is being jilanted in liahia and in Ceara and the intermediate state of Sao Paulo, and everywhere referred to botanically as Manihot Gla^iovii. And "manicoba" rubber is being planted in Central America, Asia, Africa and the Pacific islands, all under the name Manihot Glozioini. The results attained October i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD have varied greatly. The highest values realized for any rubber in the London auctions now is paid for plantation ■"Ceara" from Ceylon. Some other results attained with supposed Ceara rubber have been wholly disappointing. What will come from the planting of millions of other "Ceara," "manicoha." or "Manihot Glaciozii" not yet old enough to yield rubber only time can tell. The point is that not all trees known to South American natives as "mani(;oba"' are equally valuable rubber producers. The question for the planters is : Who has got the right tree planted ? Now here is where the botanists ought to have been of service. And here is where the botanists will be blamed in case some of the planted Manihot does not turn out as expected. But blaming the botanists will not prove their science wholly without value — only that too much of their work has not been done on truly scientific lines. If a Mexican names a rubber tree Euphorbia clastica, and it is found later that somebody in Madagascar has already given that name to a rublxT plant, and one of the staff at Kew comes out and calls the Mexican tree Euphorbia fulva — how in the name of sense is anybody going to keep up with the record? There is needed, in the first place, an international central station or central body to which the naming of ])Iant s])ecies should be re- ferred, with a view to the avoidance of such confusion. The indi\-idual botanist browsing about in .Vfrica should not attempt to name every plant that is new to him, with- out regard to what another botanist elsewhere in Africa niav be doing. It is not necessary that every plant dis- covered to-dav should be named in Latin before morning. The world can wait for an international agreement on a designation, the use of which can be defended. Here is intended no reflection ujion the ability of the men who have been naming rubber species. Did not the elder Hooker, the celebrated director at Kew, commit an error in naming the first gutta-percha species brought to him, which his son, later in charge at Kew, attempted to rectify, but only after Blume, on the continent, had given the tree another name by way of correction, so that we are confused to-day by finding in the books three names for the same tree ? The trouble was that the species was named in the first place without sufficient investigation, and that the renaming of it was done without consulta- tion or co-operation of authorities. There are certain well defined grades of commercial rubber clearly recognized by the factory superintendent. Take, for example, "Para." Botanists to-day have agreed to call the tree yielding this Hcvca. but they enumerate manv species of Hez'ca, inclining to the idea that the best rubber comes from Hevca BrasiUcnsis. while some other Hc7'cas yield no rubber. There would be a distinct ad- vantage to the world in settling the question of what tree vields the rubber that ranks highest in the market, of how to distinguish this tree, and of how to avoid any worthless species of Hc7-ca, either in exploiting forest concessions or in forming plantations. But this is not to be accom- plished b\' the individual botanist working- alrne. at his own expense, in the dark as to what others are doing. We need co-operation of the botanists, with the aid of liberal funds, and with the assistance of commercial ex- perts, chemists, and manufacturing experts, in order that not only plant species shall be distinguished, but the qual- ity of their product— for this last item is all that counts in the end. The activity cf the tire ixvextcrs was never so great as now, but not one in a hundred new tire ideas patented seems to make any impression on the trade or the public. Now- that ths more notable patents in this field are nearing expiration it may be worth while to consider that most of them have survived only at a heavy cost for defending their validity. In another year or two the "clincher" type will become public property in .America as it is already abroad, and unless something decidedly better should be invented no tire inventor need hope for any such harvest in royalties as has been reaped in some quarters in the past. But what a small share of these royalties has gone to the tire inventors of record? When will ,\i.l the rubber tr.^de be h.\ppv? With Para rub- ber so near the $1 level again certain shareholders in English factories have looked for larger dividends than have been forthcoming lately. But Africans show no such tendency to decline, and the companies are still obliged to offer the explana- tion that the cost of raw material remains inordinately high as compared with the selling prices realizable. The dividends of a certain rubber planting company, not to speak of its name, must suggest to its shareholders "falling leaves in Vallambrosa." With Lapori rubber higher than Para it is hard to see how the royal philanthropist of the Congo can avoid making some profit, whatever his olijection to becoming rich in his old age. The governors of the two Amazon states who took occasion in their last annual messages to advise their people to plant rubber have not yet made any suggestion toward the exemption of plantation products from the heavy duties now imposed on all rubber exports. We doubt whether much rubber would be grown anywhere if the prospect of paying 23 per cent, of the selling price to the state faced the planters. The growth of the world's interest in rubber can be meas- ured by the growth of the literature of this subject. Whereas, ten years ago, the number of practical books relating to rubber in any way could be counted on one's fingers, it would be an exceptional man who could, by devoting his whole time to the subject, read all that is being printed to-day about rubber and its applications. Thomas A. Edison, in an interview- in the New York Electri- cal Review, is quoted as predicting the ultimate supremacy for the electric motor car in view of the success that is being at- tained in perfecting the storage battery. A writer in the New- York Suit says the greatest obstacle in the path of the electric vehicle is either the cost or the difficulty of obtaining current with which to charge the batteries. G. GuERiN recommends the application of tw-o coats of a syrupy solution of Para rubber in benzine for the preservation of india-rubber tubes. It is said that the tubes receiving this treat- ment preserve their softness for a long time and do not absorb any liquid passed through them.— Ctteinist and Druggist. THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i. 1907. THE EDITOR'S BOOK TABLE. THE TRUTH ABOUT THE CONGO. THE CHICAGO "TRIBUNE" Articles. By Frederick Starr. Chicago: Forbt'S & Co. 1907. [Cloth. 8vo. Pp. vm + 129. Price, $1.] THE author of this book asserts that its title was not of his choosing, though he believes his statements all to be true. It is written in a convincing manner, at any rate, and well cal- culated to hold the interest of the reader. Professor Starr, whu is at the head of the anthropological department of the Chicago University, first became interested in the Congo through seeing . at tlie St. Louis exposition three years ago a group of natives of that country brought over by Mr. Verner, wdio is now in the Congo Free State in the interest of an American rubber com- pany. The professcr next got hold of some Congo Reform As- sociation documents and decided to see for himself the alleged horrors they depicted. He says that he paid his own expenses, making his journey as the representative of no institution or society, and feels free to speak his mind. Our author while in the Congo saw floggings, chain gangs, prisons, heavy taxation, enforced labor, depopulation — but no frightful outrages. For instance, he saj's flogging is general throughout the Free State, as it was before the Belgians ever went there ; the state flogs the black man, the traders do it, the missionaries do it. Did he not hear a missionary speak of some native boys who had been "flogged into the kingdom of heaven"? Xot that they had died as a result of flogging, but had found sal- vation through its means. The chain gangs Professor Starr saw did not seem to him worse than those in the southern United States. The population appears to be falling ofif, but this is explained by our author as not being due to wholesale murder by the State, as has been alleged. Professor Starr saw rubber trading mainly at stations of thj Compagnie du Kasai. He saw people come in singing and danc- ing with baskets full of balls of rubber on their heads, their chief being carried in state at the head of the procession. The rubber being weighed, the gatherers hurried to the store to be paid in goods from an abundant stock at the regular price of 1.2s francs per kilogram, or a little less than 11 cents a pound. All labor, however, is not performed so cheerfully. The native as a rule doesn't like to work, and Professor Starr doesn't see why he should not idle. But the State in forcing him to work for it doesn't cause him to neglect any private interest more pressing than drinking, dancing and palavers. It only remains to say that the author was unable to verify the stories of Congo atrocities in Mr. ^Morel's "Red Rubber" and other books of its kind. He does not appear as an apologist for King Leopold, but he does charge that the hubbub about misrule in the Congo has been raised by Britishers for selfish reasons. CANADA'S CENTURY: PROGRESS AND RESOURCES OF THE Great Dominion. Notes, with Snapshots and Other Illustrations of an Extensive Tour in British North .America. By R. J. Barrett, F. R. G. S., Editor of the Financier and BiiUionist. London; The Financier and Bullionist. Limited. 1907. [Clcth. 8vo. xiv -\- 538. Price, 6 shillings, net.] The marked development in progress in the great Dominion to the north of us has prompted Sir Wilfred Laurier, her pre- mier, to remark : "The nineteenth century was the century of the United States; the twentieth century will be Canada's century." This remark has suggested the title of the book before us, made up of a series of letters written for a leading London financial journal by its editor, who spent several months in personal in- vestigation in preparation for his work. Mr. Barrett crossed the continent on Canadian railways, availing himself of every oppor- tunity to inform himself of the resources of the country and what the people are doing to develop them ; from all of which he concludes that one can hardly be too optimistic regarding the future of the Dominion. It must not be overlooked that Canad-i is considerably larger than the United States (excluding Alaska), with a wide variety of mineral and forest resources and agricul- tural possibilities, the greater part of which remain to be devel- oped. But the work of settling waste lands has been progressing rapidly of late, encouraged by the building of railways for pros- pective traffic — just as was done in the opening up of the western LTnited States — and the new population is not only of a high type, but cannot fail to afford a greatly widened field for Canadian manufactures and commerce. Mr. Barrett believes in the closer binding together of British dependencies, and looks forward to the time when the all British route from England to Australia via Canada will play an important part in the development of the imperial idea. Apart from the interesting character of the facts summarized in this volume, it is most entertainingly written, while the numerous pictures, based upon "snapshots" taken by the author, serve to bring the scenes described nearer to the reader than mere written words could have done. NOTES ON RUBBER CULTIVATION; WITH SPECLAL REFERENCE to Portuguese India. By J. A. Wyllie, F. R. G. S., and Octaviano Guilherme Ferreira, ^1. R. H. S. Madras; Higginbotham & Co. 1907. [Cloth. 8vo. Pp. XIV -j- 131. Price, 4.50 rupees.] These "Notes," the preface states, were intended originally for publication in Portuguese only, with a view to stimulating the planting of rubber in Goa, the Portuguese possession on the western coast of India. But since they appeared equally ap- plicable to the surrounding British districts, it was decided to bring out simultaneously the English edition now before us. Of the joint authors. Lieutenant Colonel Wyllie gained considerable experience in rubber while in charge of the government rubbe;' plantations at Rangoon, Burma [see The Indi.\ Rubber World, April I, 1902 — page 210], while Senhor Ferreira is director of the national library at Nova Goa. The "Notes" are offered mainly as a resume of results in rubber planting recorded by others, with an occasional observation based upon personal experience. They relate to the principal rubber species, of each of which a fairly good description is given. The sources of information are fully credited. The Indi.\ Rubber World being quoted a number of times. As a compilation this is a creditable book, and it is worth a place in the rubber planter's library. There are 16 capi- tal half-tone views of rubber trees and tapping and other processes. THE SCIENCE OF PARA RUBBER CULTIN-ATION. A SERIES 01- Lectures Delivered in Ceylon and London. By Herbert Wright, A. R. C. S. Illustrated. Colombo: .\. M. & T. Ferguson. 1907. [Paper. Large 8vo. Pp. iv -|- 57. Price, 3s. 4d. ] Five of the six lectures here collected were delivered before planters, including one at the Ceylon Rubber Exhibition. The series relates to practical questions, such as distance in planting, pruning, tapping, manuring and the like. All the lectures have been published before, but their value is enhanced by bringing them together in convenient fonn. IN CURRENT PERIODICALS. SuR FExploitation des guis a Caoutchouc de rAnieriqne Centrale. [The rubber producing mistletoe.] By O. Labroy. — Journal d'Agricultiire Tropicah, Paris, vii-72 (June, '07). Pp. 163-167. L^ber den Gegenwdrtigen Stand und die Assichten den Guayuleindustrie. [The present condition of the guayule rubber interest and its prospect.]' By Dr. Rudolf Endlich. — Dcr Tropcrfianzer, Berlin. xi-7 {.Tuly, '07). Pp. 449-469. Etude des Variations Botaniques ft Physiologiques de I'Hcvca Brasilicnsis Appliquec a la Selection. By Georges Vernet. — Journal d' Agriculture- Tropicale, Paris, viii-73 (July 31, '07). Pp. 195-203. Novel Use of a Hot Water Bottle. — A story comes from Wichita, Kansas, of the ingenuity of a farmer's wife, which was signally demonstrated on the occasion of the death of a setting hen to which had been entrusted some fancy eggs. The lady in question didn't want to buy an incubator for only 14 eggs, but she did have a rubber hot water bottle, and by keeping this at the right temperature, day and night, she had the satisfaction in due time of welcoming a fine brood of new chicks. Rubber C.\stors. — Rubber and leather castors are now fre- quently put upon furniture which is to be placed on a hardwood or stained floor. Some housekeepers and decorators, however,, recommend instead the castor cups. October i, 1907. THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD. Rubber Planting in Samoa. ALREADY several plantations of rubber have beun formed in Samoa, generally in connection with estates previously devoted to cocoanuts and other crops. Not that interest is declining in the latter, but rubber is being looked to as an additional source of planting profit. The Samoan group em- braces ten inhabited isLtnds, of which the principal ones are Savaii, with 700 square miles ; Upolu, 560 square miles ; Tutuila, 240 square miles; and Manua, 100 square miles. Generally the interior of these islands is mountainous and wooded and little known, the native living on the flat lands near the coasts. There is good land in Savaii and some plantations have been formed with foreign capital, mostly German. Upolu is the most im- portant island in the group, and embraces Apia, which is the center of Samoan agricultural and commercial interests. Tu- tuila, which, with some small neighboring islands, is under the United States flag, is wholly unsuited for planting purposes, but here is the best harbor in the Pacific. The climate of the group is, of course, tropical, but tempered with winds and rainfalls to a degree which fits the islands for residence by Europeans. The Deutsche Handels- und Plantagen-Gesellschaft der Sitdsee Inseln zu Hamburg, .A.-G.. with its main agency in .\pia. which is playing a prominent part among the firms doing business in the Pacific, for a half century has done most for the developing of these islands. Nowadays this firm possesses the largest cocoanut plantations in the world, which are situated on the island of Upolu. It was also this firm which made the first experiments in the line of cacao growing and as the experiments turned out to be successful, this industry was taken up by this firm and others as well as by private settlers, and many plantations were started for the growing of cacao, which is doing well and part of w'hich has already come into bearing. CofTee was also planted years ago, but was dropped again as it does not pay any more in Samoa. .\bout nine years ago the Deutsche Handels- und Plantagen- Gesellschaft started with experimental rubber growing. One of the accompanying illustrations shows an eight year old Cas- lilloa elaslica growing on the Vaitele plantation of the firm. On the Vaitele plantation Captain Hufnagel experimented for sev- eral years and succeeded in raising some fine trees of Hevea and Castilloa on the northern slopes of the mountains. .Among others, Mr. T. Andrew, of .Apia, went in for rubber planting about six years ago and planted a grove of rubber trees on his plantation some distance from Apia. He lately furnished Mr. George Heimrod, .\merican consul general in Apia, some de- tails regarding the result, which have been printed in the Daily Consular Reports. He tapped three Hevea Brasiliensis trees, aged 6 years and 3 months from the seed, grown at an altitude of HOC feet. In circumference they were 24H inches, 23 inches, and 21 '< inches, at 3 feet from the ground. The three trees w-ere each tapped four times, in March and .\pril, 1906. and the total product was 9 ounces of dry rubber. Mr. \V. \'on Bulow, in Eight Ye.\r Old "C.\stillo.v El.vstic.v." [On the ^■aitele plantation of the Devtsche Handsels- und Plantagen- Gisellschaft der Siidsee Inseln zu Hamburg. .^.-G., on Upolu island, in the Samoan group.] "Heve.v Br.\siuensis" One Ye.\r Old. [On the plantation of the Safata-Samoa-Gesellschaft, near -Apia.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 15307. {^^:^. .. •"Hevea Brasiliensis" Eighteen Months Old. [Ihis i? ancther view «; f the same tree shown in the preceding illustration.] "Hevea Brasiliensis" Six Months Old. [Nurseries on the estate of the Safata-Sanioa-Gesellschaft.] 'Ficus Elastica" One Year Old. [Rstatc of Safata-Samo3-Gesell.';chaft.] "Ficus Elastica" Fifteen Months Old. [The same tree as in the opposite illustration, three months later.] October i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD Savaii, who is also interested in rubber growing, planted quite a number of Hcvca and Castilloa about seven years ago, and seems satisfied with the results. All these experiments show that rubber growing in Samoa might be taken up with success, and now the general attention is drawn more and more toward this business and efforts are made everywhere to introduce this new industry to Samoa on a larger scale, especially as the climatic conditions of the group and the soil seem to be favorable to the growth of rubber trees of the various kinds. The Samoa-Kautschuk-Compagnie A.-G., of Berlin, formed in 1905, and having now a capital of 2,000,CXX3 marks (^$476,000), is under the direction of \V. Mertens, in Berlin, with R. Gebauer, of Apia, agent for Samoa. This company has its land on the northern slopes of the mountains beyond the native village of Falefaa, a few miles west of Apia. The enterprise started with the planting of Hcvca and Caslilloa. The trees are, of course, not yet old enough for tapping. Another company is the Safata-Samoa-Gesellschaft, also of Berlin, founded in 1903 and capitalized at 1,300.000 marks (=$309,400). Herr Mertens is the director and A. Krause agent in Apia. The property of this company is situated about two miles south of -Apia. This concern is chiefly growing cacao and palms, but has taken up rul)ber seriously. Two of the illustra- tions are reproduced from photograplis taken on their planta- tion. One represents a one year old Hcvea and another the same tree after the growth of six months. The other illustrations are sufficiently described by the lines underneath them. Two other companies to be named are tlie Tiavi-Kautschuk- Pflanzungen auf Samoa, formed recently in Berlin, with 1,000,000 marks (=$238,000) capital, and the UpoUi Rubber Co., Limited, about which the only information at hand is that it is admin- istered from Glasgow, Scotland, is on a fairly large scale, and is planting Fiiiituinia clastica, at least in part. The most serious problem for Samoa in connection with planting is the labor question. For years the Deutsche Handels company imported Solomon islanders as laborers for its own needs, as the Samoans won't work. Some years ago experiments w^ere made with Chinese coolies, which proved rather satisfactory and the German government has taken the matter up now and imports Chinamen on contracts of three years' duration for the needs of the planters and settlers. If the coolies give continu- ous satisfaction, the problem may perhaps be solved this way. PLANTATION RUBBER WASHERS. "T^ HERE is shown here a view of a machine for washing and ■*■ sheeting rubber on plantations. This machine is generally similar in design to a small ordinary washing machine used in rubber goods factories. It is fitted with two hard, close grained cast iron rollers, 6 inches in diameter and 12 inches long, with diamond cut face and fitted with roller end wheels arranged to drive the rollers at unequal speed. Larger sizes are also made. A strong cast iron hopper is fitted over the rollers and water drip arrangement with regulating cock and steam valve, so that the drip water may be heated if required. The rollers are mounted in heavy cast iron frames, with sliding blocks for front roller and setting up screws. The driving arrangement consists of a shaft at the back of the machine, supported from the frames and fitted with large diameter ; two flywheels with handles in rims, fast and loose pulleys, with belt shifting apparatus, for belt driving and spur pinion driving into the large wheel on end of back roll. An inclined tray of galvanized iron is fitted on the stays beneath the rollers and a specially designed draining ar- rangement is fitted to prevent the escape of latex or small pieces of rubber. The approximate weight of the machine is 23 cwt. The output will vary as the material, being between 3 to 5 cwt. of washed rubber per day. Many of these machines are working on rubber plantations in different countries. Where power is RiT.i'.ER \V.\siiiNi; .\ND Sheeting M.achixe. for Plaxt.\tion Work. not available the smaller sizes are used, being operated by hand. The makers are David Bridge & Co., Castleton, Man- chester, England. The second of the illustrations herewith relates to an earlier form of rubber washing and sheeting machine for plantation work, formerly marketed by the same firm. Space is given here to two views in order to illustrate, through comparison with the newer machine, the advance which has been made in the de- signing machine of this class. ] MlB Ax E.VRLiER Form of Rubber W-\sher. The estates acquired by the recently organized Sumatra-Deli- Rubber Estates, Limited, in eastern Sumatra, embrace 132,835 rubber trees six years old and over that are being tapped for the first time this year and are expected to yield a pound of rubber on an average. The United States consul general at Boma reports that the condition of trade on the upper Congo is simply that of barter. "The state and many of the concessionary companies make pay- ment in salt and in 'mitakos' — /. e., brass rods about 6 inches in length, regarded in bartering as possessing a value of 10 to the franc [=19.3 cents]. There is, however, a certain amount of cotton cloth used." THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1907. Progress of Rubber Planting. PROFITS OF THE VALLAM3K0SA ESTATE. V.\LLAMBROSA Rubber Co., Limited, was registered April 22, 1904, at Edinburgh, Scotland, wliere the company's offices are now located, at 123 George street. The cap- ital authorized is i6o.coo [=$291,990] ; the shares issued to date amount to £50.600 [=$246,244.90]. The companj' was formed to acquire and amalgamate three privately owned estates in Selangor. Federated Malay States, the vendors accepting in paj-ment £45,000 [=$218,992.50] in the company's shares, and £5600 [=$27,252.40] was subscribed for the purposes of the company. At the end of the business year (March 31, 1907* tlie company had under rubber 1226 acres, and planting has been continued since. During the year the trees on 930 acres [—iVz square miles] were tapped, the trees ranging in age as follows: 150 acres planted in 1S98: 569 acres in 1899-1900; 203 acres in 1900-01; 8 acres in 1902. The yield of rubber was 156,922 pounds, or 168 2-3 pounds per acre. Of this yield 153,358 pounds came from 147,101 trees ; the balance of the crop was obtained from trees cut out for thinning. The amount realized was £40,255 [=$195,900.96], or an average of about 5s. lYzd. [=$1.24 2-3] per pound. The cost of tapping, packing, and transportation was I shilling per pound. After deducting from revenue the cost of maintenance of the non-bearing rubber, etc., the profit on the year's working amounted to £30.240 i8j. [=$147,163.32]. A dividend was de- clared of 55 per cent., which absorbed £27,830 [=$135,434.70]. The remainder went to reserve, after providing for directors' fees. During the year ending March 31, 1906, the light tapping of 68.- 235 trees yielded ,39.113 pounds of rubber, which realized £10,745. No dividend was paid for that year, but the profit and loss ac- count showed a credit of £4767. It is expected that this year's rubber crop will reach 215.000 pounds. The London Financial Ncxi's reports that \'allambrosa shares have changed hands lately as higli as £9 12s. 6d. [=$46.84] for £1 shares, which would give a stock exchange valuation of over $2,271,104 to the total issue of shares. ANOTHER MALAY STATES SUCCESS. Hir.ML.^NDs and Lowlands Para Rubber Co., Limited. In Federated Malay States. Acreage in rubber, 20915/2. Trees tapped in 1906, of different ages, 78,513 — some once, some twice. and .some three times. Yield of rubber, 134,285 pounds. Yield of 807 nine year old trees, 5742 pounds ; average 7.01 pounds per tree. One of the estates, with 33,967 trees tapped three times and 4672 younger trees tapped lightly, once yielded 95.33,3 pounds. The labor cost for tapping on this estate was equivalent to less than 10 cents (gold) per pound; tapping cost, including equipment, 10^ cents. Average realized for 134.285 pounds, al- lowing for loss in weight, commissions, and sale charges, slightly over 5s. 25^rf. [=$i.26-54]. Total profit £34,109 [=$166,191.45] ; disbursed in dividends, £25,150; rate, 11 per cent, on the paid up capital. RUBBER REStTLTS IN TRINIDAD. Four estates are mentioned as producing Castilloa rubber on a commercial scale on the islands of Trinidad and Tobago, forming the crown colony of Trinidad in the British West Indies. They are: (i) Monte Crista, owned by H. Monceau.x, in Trinidad; (2) Torluga, owned by .Vdricn De Verteuil, Trinidad — last ship- ment. 1 145 pounds; (3) Kiclimond, owned by Captain Short, Tobago ; (4) Louis D'Or, owned by a company, T. L. M. Orde, managrr. Tobago — last shipment over 1200 pounds. The first two named companies are of French origin, and make shipments to Paris ; the other two ship to London. Recent shipments to London of Castilloa sheets dried and pressed into blocks brought 4.f. 4rf. [^$1,055^2] per pound. The Indi.v Rubber World is in- formed that several other estates, with io,coo to 30,000 rubber trees each, will be coming into production annually. RUBBER PLANTATION IN COLOMBIA. K.w Thomson writes to the Journal of the Jamaica Agricul- tural Society from "The heart of Colombia" that the small plan- tation of "virgin rubber" (5(7 />/«)») formed there by his father twenty years ago has been sold to a syndicate for £20,000. The plantation is producing rubber now. and some of the rubber stripped from it is reported to have sold at ''almost S shillings" a pound. RUBBER PLANTERS AND PLANTATIONS. .At the annual Agri-Horticultural Show, at Kuala Lumpur, in the Federated Malay States, which was opened on August g, a number of prizes were offered for plantation rubber, in various classes. Twelve silver cups were offered. The number of shareholders in the rubber planting companies registered in London is estimated by The Financier at 25.000, the bulk of whom live in the L'nited Kingdom. Borneo-Kautschuk-Conipagnie. A.-G., of Berlin, with an author- ized capital of 2.000,000 marks [=$476,000], of which 532.865 marks has been paid in. are participating in the Dutch Borneo Rubber Co. Mr. Gordon Waldron, of the "Cukra" rubber plantation, near Bluefields. Nicaragua, has had built, for navigating local waters, a steamer constructed entirely of woods cut from the Cukra property, with the exception of the engines and boiler, which come from Chicago. The wood was all sawed by the plantation sawmill. The steamer is named the Cukra. and is 80 feet in length over all, and 16 feet beam. Dr. John C. Willis, director of the Ceylon royal botanic gar- dens, in his administration report for igo6, estimates the area of rubber under cultivation on that island at the end of the year at 115,000 acres. The father of Mr. J. B. Carruthers. director of agriculture in the Federated Malay States — Dr. William Carruthers, F. R. s.. of England — has received the honorary degree of ph. d. from the noted Upsala University, in Sweden. The Gummi-Zeiiung reports the shipment during .August, by the steamer Markgraf, from German East -Africa to Germany, of about 8500 pounds of plantation rubber, valued at about 30.000 marks [^47140] • This our contemporary regards as proof that rubber culture in German Africa is making real progress. The patents on the rubber tapping tool invented by Mr. C. A. Lcsher, manager of "La Zacualpa" rubber plantation in Chiapas. Mexico [see The Indi.a Rubber World, .April i, 1907 — page 219] have been transferred to the La Zacualpa company, and they are not selling the tools. While a clearing was being burned on the estate of the Isth- mus Plantation .'\ssociation of Mexico, at Del Corte. fire spread to the growing rubber, destroying a considerable number of trees and scorching about 460,000, which it was decided at first would sprout up again. Later the company concluded to replant the whole burned district. Some 251,700 of the older trees were untouched. Continental Commercial Co. (St. Louis), in a recently issued bulletin, report growing on their estates in Mexico 427,344 rubber trees, in addition to large plantations of coffee and sugar. Exports of rubber from German East .\frica in 1905 included 5250 kilograms [=:ii.550 pounds] of cultivated Ceara rubber, or Manihot Glacioz-ii, from the plantation at Lewa of the Deutsch- Ostafrikanische Plantagengesellschaft, A.-G., of Berlin. October i. 1907. | THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD Crude Rubber Interests. THE NEW RUBBER FROM BAHIA (BRAZIL). A RECENT visit by Mr. Ashmore Russaii, an English author- ity on South American rubber fields, to the interior of the BraziHan state of Bahia, for the purpose of studying some recently discovered forests of "mani(;oba" rubber, forms the subject of an entertaining series of letters he has written for The Financier, of London. Three years ago the United States consul at Bahia city, referring to this new source of rubber, wrote : "The area is said to be very large, but cannot be defined, as the region has not been fully explored." As early as 1899 the British consul at Bahia had reported that large tracts of forest with an abundance of rubber trees were reported to exist in the interior of the state, "but unfortunately, owing to the difficulties of transport, through a country without roads, this source of riches is unavailable." Now, however, the collection of rubber has been actively developed in the country referred to, with the result that the production of the grade known commercially as "manigoba" has been greatly increased. Bahia, an Atlantic seaport of Brazil, has long been a shipping point for rubber, but not until recently have her exports included very much "manigoba," that grade having been derived chiefly from Ceara, for which reason it is known widely as "Ceara rubber." The following official figures indicate the growth in tlie total exports of "maniqoba" from Brazil, for several years past, and also the share coming from Bahia port, the figures expressing weights in kilograms: Ye.m<. Total Manitoba. From Bahia. 1901 472,917 23,676 1902 807,388 143.041 1933 1,721,894 496.2^4 1904 2,226.077 939.157 1905 2,682,217 1.443,826 1906 2,664,000 1,410,000 From what Mr. Russan observed there appears reason to look for a continued increase in the output of rubber of this grade, and particularly from Bahia, not only from the native trees, but as a product of cultivated plants. Mr. Russan's travels took him into the heart of the adjacent districts of Marncas and Jequie, in the south part of the state of Bahia. Starting from Bahia port by steamer, he spent a half day reaching the head of navigation on the river Paraguassu. Next he traveled 186 miles en the Bahia Central railway, stopping at Tambury, whence he traveled on horseback for a hundred miles or more into the rub- ber country. Tambury sends to market 250 to 300 tons of rubber a year, and all the neighboring villages are centers of rubber interest. The farthest point reached was Porto Alegre, on the Rio de Contas, through which place 500 tons of rubber pass an- nually. Unlike rubber trees elsewhere those in southern Bahia cover the ground, instead of being scattered here and there among various other growths. When the ground is cleared of every- thing but "Mani(;oba" rubber, 100 or more trees remain to the acre. Mr. Russan found millions of these trees, prolific of rub- ber of good quality, but everywhere the story he heard was the same — the lack of capital to employ labor to work the rub- ber. There is also the matter of transportation to be improved. Mr. Russan saw rubber conveyed to the railway stations by trains of pack mules, each group carrying a ton. It may be added that Maracas is a political division of Bahia, "as large as four English counties." with a town of the same name for its capital. Jequie is the name of a river flowing into the Atlantic. This name has been applied more particularly to the rubber produced in southern Bahia. It appears that the tree yielding new rubber from Bahia differs from the tree known as "manigoba" in the state of Ceara, lying considerably to the north of Bahia. The Ceara tree has long been known to botanists as Manihot Glaciovii, and this is the species which has been planted extensively in Africa and the Far East. Compared with the Manihat Glaziovii, the Jequie rubber tree has a slightly different flower, although the leaves are sim- ilar, and very much larger seeds; the latex flows much more freely and is more abundant ; and, finally, the rubber product is superior. The "spiral" tapping system invented in Ceylon, it is stated, has been successfully applied to the Jequie tree. Lieutenant Colonel Prain, director of the Royal Botanic Gar- dens, at Kew, stated recently at a meeting of the London Society of Arts, that the "maniqoba" tree reported to be cultivated in South America was not the same as the tree yielding Ceara rub- ber. The best authorities in Brazil seem agreed that this is true. THE MEXICAN "YELLOW TREE." Interest continues to be expressed in the tree known locally in Mexico as "el palo amarillo" (the yellow tree), described as an inferior rubber producer in The Indi.\ Rubber World Febru- ary I, 1906 (page 148). The botanists have had the usual diffi- culty in fixing a scientific name to this tree. In 1905 it was designated by a Mexican scientist the Euphorbia elastica, but that name happened to have been applied a few months earlier by a Frenchman to a Madagascar rubber plant. Otto Stapf writes in the Kew Bulletin : "The Mexican plant had therefore to re- ceive a new name and, as 'Amarillo' corresponds to the Latin 'fulvas,' I propose for it the name Euphorbia futva." It docs not appear that any process has been discovered to render the rub- ber from this tree commercially valuable, but the oil obtainable from the seeds is referred to as a valuable by-product. EXPORT DUTY ON CONGO RUBBER. The governments of the Congo Free State, Portugal, and the French republic, under the terms of the protocol of April 8, 1892, continued without revision until now, have agreed that the levying of the export duty on crude india-rubber shall be on the basis of an official value of 6 francs a kilogram [=52^/2 cents a pound], instead of 4 francs, as before. A decree of the king- sovereign of the Congo state, dated July 2, 1907, fixes the ex- port tax on rubber from that state at 10 per cent., or 60 francs per 100 kilograms [=5' 4 cents a pound]. ADULTERATION OF NIGERIA RUBBER. The last yearly report of the high commissioner of Northern Nigeria, in West Africa (Sir Frederick Lugord), says: "Rubber formed nearly three-fourths of the total value of the exports for the year, but I fear that this increase has been obtained at the cost of a considerable destruction of the rubber vines by the senseless process of digging up the roots, from which a very low grade rubber is prepared. Not only are the sources of supply thus permanently destroyed, but the product is so full of impurities (67 per cent. I am told consists of bark and dirt, while other samples are even worse, and not fit for export at all) that it is to be feared that Nigerian rubber will obtain a bad name in the market, which it may hereafter be difficult to re- move. This result has, I believe, been largely due to the com- petition between European firms, which has resulted in the purchase of rubber filled with bark and impurities, which for- merly was unsalable." BRIEF MENTION. The total production of "mangabeira" rubber for several years past has shown a decline. The exports from the state of Sao Paulo have been: 128.991 kilos in 1904; 95,190 kilos in 1905; and 88,535 kilos in 1906. Other statistics of mangabeira rubber appeared in The India Rubber World July i, 1907. The annual report of the IMogyana Railway and Navigation 10 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1907. Co., in the Brazilian state of Sao Paulo, for 1906, includes among the items of freight transported. 294,004 kilograms of rubber. Rubber Concessions, Limited, is the name of a company regis- tered in London August 27, 1907, with £5000 [=$24,332.50] cap- ital, to purchase a concession for the collection of rubber and for other purposes in Ecuador. Registered office; 45 Leaden- hall street, E. C, London. The government of Guatemala has granted a concession to Jo3e Weir for cutting timber and gathering india-rubber and chicle gum, in the department of Paten during a period of 5 years. The Mexican Chicle and Mahogany Co., controlling 556 square miles of lands in the territory of Quintana Roo, in the eastern part of the Yucatan peninsula, have shipped to their property a sawmill said to have a capacity for sawing 1000 trees per day. Their forests, said to be the richest in Mexico, are convenient to Vigia, from which port boats reach New Orleans in 2I/S days. THE COTTON CONFERENCE. THE International Cotton Conference to be held at Atlanta, Georgia, on October 7-9, will be attended by delegates from practically every foreign country in which American cotton is used in manufacturing goods. The foreign attendance is ex- pected to number about a hundred, and will embrace a number of distinguished persons. The American attendance will include representatives of the leading organizations of cotton growers and cotton spinners. The object is mutual benefit. The Cotton Journal, of Atlanta, published in the interest of the growers, says: "The main object is to uncover and expose to the growers the principal abuses which have so long existed in the handling of American cotton and to encourage needed reforms. These reforms can only be put into operation through the adoption of improved methods in baling, covering, warehousing, handling and delivery of Amer- ican cotton in the ports of foreign countries. The leadmg spin- ners of the world will be present at the conference and tell out of their own mouths to the South's representative growers the abuses which exist in the American cotton trade and offer sug- gestions as to how best to bring about the desired reforms. The farmers of the South grow the cotton fiber which the world must have and the spinners and weavers manufacture it into the finished fabric. These interests are in a great measure in- terdependent, and it is right and proper that they should come together and cooperate for the purpose of mutual benefit. The question of prices will probably never be discussed by growers and spinners in joint conference because this is one feature of the cotton trade about which both sides could never agree sat- isfactorily, but there are dozens of other matters of mutual con- cern which are vital to the interests of both." The promoters of this conference look forward to the time when raw cotton will reach the manufacturer in better condi- tion than now, and by methods involving less cost than now. Under the hoped for new regime, it would be possible for the planter to realize better prices per pound than at present, while the spinner would be getting more cotton per dollar expended than he now gets. It is felt, therefore, that the move will be- come popular alike with the producers and consumers of cotton. Arrangements have been made to give the foreign delegates to Atlanta a comprehensive view of American life, including a lour of the leading cotton growing States. They are expected to remain in the country for nearly a month. THE SEA ISLAND COTTOK CROP. John Malloch & Co., of Savannah, report: "The coming crop is undoubtedly in better condition at this time than ever before. There is an increase of about 12H per cent, in acreage, and with an average fall we see no reason why there should not be 100,000 bales made. In the face of this large crop and tlie example that consumers can get along with a very small amount of Sea Island cotton, viz., 59,420 bales, we are surprised to find the in- terior rather bullish." The last crop (1906) was only 58,932 bales. The crop for 1905 was 123,780 bales. A NEW COTTON DUCK MILL. Org.vnized with a capitalization of $500,000, the National Duck Mills of Atlanta, Georgia, began operations about the middle of September with a daily output of from 5CC0 to 10,000 pounds of the best grade of double or twisted cotton duck. The old plant of the Southern Rug and Carpet Mills has been leased for a long term of years. The officers of the new corporation are as follows : President and treasurer, George P. Howard ; vice- president, James P. Escott; secretary and manager, W. L. Byer. COTTON PICKINGS. The Cotton Journal (Atlanta, Georgia), the organ of the cotton planting interest, deliberately commits itself to the predic- tion that next season the price of spot cotton will reach 15 cents a pound, middling basis, at all interior points in the South. Bradstrcct's says : "All the mills have sold their product so far into the future, in order to satisfy the insistent demand, that they have been placed in an extremely independent position in regard to both price and delivery, and cotton goods on spot are almost impossible to obtain at any price, however high." Colonel William F. King, superintendent of the New York Cotton Exchange, figures the last cotton crop in the United States at 13,539,948 bales, against 11,233.847 for the previous season. The last crop has been exceeded in size but once — 13,654,029 bales — in 1904. The New York Financial and Commercial Chron- icle estimates the last crop at 13,550,760 bales. The Madero brothers, whose interest in guayule rubber has been referred to in these pages, are likewise interested con- siderably in growing cotton. On one day recently they de- spatched 100 cars loaded with cotton by the Mexican Central Railway, for export to the United States. INDIA-RUBBER GOODS IN COMMERCE. EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. /~\FFICI.\L statement of values of exports of manufactures of ^^ india-rubber and gutta-percha from the United States for the month of July, 1907, and for the first seven months of five calendar years: Belting, Boots All Months. Packing and Other Tot.^l. and Hose. Shoes. Rubber. July, 1907 $132,686 $213,471 $337-784 $683,941 January to June.. 663,279 480.604 2.015.086 3,158,969 Total $795,965 $694,075 $2,352,870 $3,842,910 Total, 1906 663,536 615,154 1,803,512 3.082,202 Total, 1905 637,102 588.309 1,671,076 2,896,487 Total, 1904 504,666 472,128 1.382,582 2.359,376 Total, 1903 474.684 341.792 1,459,954 2,276,430 A FEW NOTES. The exports and imports of india-rubber goods by Australia for tv.'O calendar years, as compiled from official sources by Special Agent H. K. Burrill, of the United States bureau of manufactures, were as follows: 1905. 1906. Imports, value $1,391,176 $1,690,597 Exports, value 126,757 161,426 British South .'\frica in IQ06 imported india-rubber goods valued at $118,698, of which Great Britain supplied $89,011 and the United States $16,284. Tenders were invited recently by the Egyptian war department for the supply of 3,500 india-rubber sponges. Camphor growing is being experimented with at the Batu Tiga experimental gardens, in the Federated Malay States, in charge of Mr. Stanley Arden, who predicts good results. October i, 1907. THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 11 RUBBER INTERESTS IN EUROPE. TRANSFER OF AN OLD ENGLISH FACTORY. A NEW company under the style Broadhurst & Co., Limited, ^*- was registered August 6 to acquire the business carried on hitherto by a company of the same name, now in liquidation. The business was founded originally about 1870, and consisted in the manufacture of mechanical rubber goods, at Bradford, Man- chester. In 1901 it was converted into a public company; later, on becoming embarrassed, the business passed into the control of the company's creditors, and was continued by them. The capital of the new company is i40,cx)0. The first directors are F. H. Smith and P. A. Birley, the latter of Charles Macintosh & Co., Limited, of Manchester. The impression e.xists that the Messrs. Macintosh own the works. MTTRAC AGAIN. To THE Editor of The Inuia Ri'miEK World: In printing in your August edition (page 349) our letter of June 15, we note that you have in error used the word "books" instead of "works," as written by us. We are always willing to allow any india-rubber manufacturer to inspect our Murac works, but we do not undertake to disclose our books. The error, tliough seemingly small, may be understood and possibly lead to some confusion, as w'c have a large number of shareholders. THE BRITISH MUR.\C SYNDICATE, LIMITED, MoKL.\ND M. Dess.m'. Manaper. Londcn, .\ngust 20, 1907. GREAT BRITAIN. At a meeting of the Single Tube Tires, Limited (London), it was decided to go into liquidatiotL Early in 1898 tlie B. F. Goodrich Co. and two other .American rubber firms formed a company for tlie joint exploitation of single tube bicycle tires in Europe, under tlie style, The Single Tube Tire Co. The other companies in time retired from the field. The B. F. Goodrich began doing business under their own name, and the tire exploit- ing company, in new hands, became The Single Tube Tires, Limited — the company now giving up its existence. The de Nevcrs Rubber Tyre Co., whose works at Earlsfield, near London, were visited by a serious fire on May 9, are about getting in good running order again. The directors of W. T. Henley's Telegraph Works Co., Lim- ited (London), declared an interim dividend for the first half of the business year, payable September 2. at the rate of 4^/2 per cent, on the preference and 10 per cent, on the ordinary shares — the same rate as last year. FRANCE. The capital of the Societe anonyme des anciens Etablisse- ments J. B. Torrilhon has been increased from 4,000,000 francs to 6,000,000 francs [$1,158,000], by the issue of 20,000 shares of 100 francs [=$19.30] each. Their factories, devoted largely to pro- ducing tires, are at Chamalieres, near Clermont-Ferrand. The profits of the Etablissements Hutchinson for the last business year reached 1,413,075 francs [^$273,723.48], an in- crease over the preceding year of 416,637 francs. The amount set apart for share dividends was 804,090 francs [^$155,189.37]. The share capital is being increased from 5,000,000 to 6,000.000 francs [=:$!, 158,000], by the issue of new 300 franc shares. t GERMANY. A NEW company, Deutsche Kautsclnik-Werke G. m. b. H., has been formed with 400,000 marks [^$94,200] capital, at Wilster, in Schleswig-Holstein. The director is Georg Ferdinand Bogel, with a counsel of associates. The company have acquired and will exploit the patent of Dr. Foelsing and Herr Bogel for ex- tracting rubber by mechanical and chemical means from various plants and plant products. Of the capital, 70,400 marks is sub- scribed by Weber & Schaer, crude rubber merchants at Ham- burg; 70,300 marks by the Kautschuk-Pflanzung "jMeanja" A.-G., of Berlin ; and 10,000 marks each by Messrs. Foelsing and Bogel. New York-Hamburger Gummiwaren-Compagnie, A.-G., have increased their capital by 201,000 marks, making the total now 2,001,000 marks [=$476,238]. The capital stock of the Radium-Rubber-Compagnie m. b. H., at Dellbriick near Cologne, has been increased from 90,033 to 171,000 marks [=$40,698]. Herr Emil Spannagel, director of Vereinigte Berlin-Frank- forter Gummiwaren-Fabriken (Berlin), spent his summer vacation at Interlaken, Switzerland, whence he sent The Ixdi.\ Rubber World a picture of the peak gummihorn, or "India-rubber horn," which overlooks the lakes there. BELGIUM. La Societe Beige pour la Fabrication des Cables et Fils Elec- triques— offices 37, rue St. Lazare, Brussels, and works at Buy- iinghen— have been increasing their capital to 50,000 francs [=$96,500]. SWEDEN. Three hundred employees of the Aktiebolaget Svensk-Engelska Gummifabriken, at Malmo, were reported on strike lately, most of them being women employed in making galoshes. It was ex- pected that the company would be able soon to resume work. Aktiebolaget Limau Manis's Kautschukplantage has been or- ganized at Malmo, to acquire the plantation of Oscar Richter on the east coast of Sumatra and extend the planting of rubber. The capital is 265,000 kronen [=$71,020], with authority to in- crease to 600,000 kronen. MILKING MACHINES IN ENGLAND. A T the last Royal Agricultural Show in London several! ^~*- makes of milking machines were shown, and it was evident from the attention given to them that the interest in this new- form of labor saving device for the dairy, referred to in The India Rubber World for September i (page 383), is becoming considerable in Great Britain. King Edward is referred to as having watched the working of the "Hartnett" patent milker, in- vented in Australia, where several hundred are reported to be in use. In this machine the pulsator is fixed overhead, instead of to the milking cans, where it would be liable to be kicked over by restive cows. The "Wallace'' milker, made in Scotland, had already won a. silver medal awarded by the Royal Agricultural Society of Engr land. The different machines shown each possessed some dis- tinguishing feature, though all work so nearly on similar lines- that detailed illustrations would be necessary to make the differ- ences clear to the reader. The subject is mentioned here because the development of cow milkers seems to have reached a prac- tical stage, and one that will call for a considerable amount of high grade rubber tubing and carefully made fittings of rubber. Mr. Herbert Wright has been awarded a silver medal by the London Society of Arts for his recent lecture on "Rubber Culti- vation in the British Empire," reviewed in The Indi.\ Rubber World, July i, 1907 (page 307). Miller's Tire Tread Roller. [For rolling down unvulcanized rubber, when making section repairs or re-covering. Operates more rapidly than the ordinary hand roller, besides, rolling the rubber and cloth more tightly together. Charles E. Miller,. Anderson, Indiana.] 12 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [OCTOUER I, igO/. New Rubber Goods in the Market. ■RACINE" WASH STAND. OXE of the appointments of camp life that approaches lux- ury is the "Racine" wash stand. Perhaps one of the most perplexing of the minor problems that the camper has to contend with is that of the bath appliances. In the folding rub- ber wash stand this prob- lem seems to have been solved and solved satisfac- torily. It is sanitary; it is convenient. What more can one ask for? When folded it is two inches square and three feet long, quite cap- able of being stowed away in some corner when not in use, and of very little ad- ditional weight or incon- venience to carry in addi- tion to the camping outfit. The frame is of hard wood and the bowl is heavy rub- bered duck — an ideal com- "R.^cine" Wash Stand. bination. [Gold Medal Camp Furniture Manufac- turing Co., Racine Junction. Wisconsin]. AtJIOMOBrLE CLIMBER. This is a non-skidding device designed to work in sand, snow, mud or ice, and to climb any hill if the machine has the power to turn the wheels. It can be adjusted to any tension on the wheel with the ratchet lever clutch, without inflating the tires. Few autoists have es- caped the experience of being caught out in the rain and finding the roads in such condition that the machine could not be moved, or of hav- ing to go miles out of the course to follow the way of least resistance, and this because of sandy roadbeds. The Automobile Climber when attached to the rear wheels of the ma- chine or truck prevents slipping or sliding on any kind of road. It can be attached in a few moments. Two chains are used on each wheel and these chains are so connected with the clip, that when attached they hold the chains clear from the spokes and rim of the wheel, and they are formed to fit the tire in such a manner that when the weight is put on the clip the tire ii allowed to spread, thus making it run smoothly over hard roads or pavement. The clips are made larger than the tire so as not to rub the sides of the tires when they spread from the weight of the machine, causing rough running. [J. C. Brown Manufacturing and Garage Co., Butler, Indiana.] BELT CONVEYORS FOR STORES. The principle of the rubber belt conveyors now so generally used in the handling of heavy commodities on a large scale, as in mining, manufacturing, and the movement of freight, has now been adapted successfully to the business of large depart- ment stores. In such a store in New York four Robins' belt Automobile Climber. conveyors have been installed, especially designed for trans- mitting packages from the various tloors and departments to the wrapping and shipping department in the basements, whence tiiey are transferred to the delivery wagons to be carried to the homes of the purchasers. Three of the conveyors referred to are "troughed," the belts being 30 inches in width and 71, 92, and 191 feet in length, respectively. The fourth has a fiat belt, 75 Belt Conveyors in a Department Store. feet long and 36 inches wide. The belts are driven electrically. The illustration shows the central discharging pomt of the three conveyors which work in one system, and also one of the driv- mg motors. The conveyors, of course, are installed in the base- ment, and are reached from the upper floors through numerous spiral chutes, or "helical gravity tubes," through which the goods may be dropped safely. [Robins Conveying Belt Co., Park Row building. New York.] THE POCKET ICE APRON. The various inconveniences that result from the delivery of ice in households and in business places have led to the bringing out of the invention here illustrated. The wet from the melting ice is caught in the pocket of the apron, and not in the iceman's clothing and shoes, or all over the customer's floors in muddy pools. The man who delivers ice, by the use of this apron, may keep himself as dry as if he were delivering groceries. The burden comes on the man's back instead of on his stomach, and is much more easily carried. The Pocket Ice Apron is the invention of Edwin W. Fletcher, of Worcester, Massachusetts, and it has met a wide sale already in New Eng- land, which is extending rapidly throughout the country. It has been purchased by Albert H. Bloss and Isaac Crocker, of the "Crocker rubber stores," who have organized a new corporation for exploiting it. [The Pocket Pocket Ice Ice Apron Co., Providence, Rhode Island] Apron. ••MIDNIGHT" OIL PROOF PACKING. This is a rubber packing, yet is used to pack oils. It is jet b'.ack, with a highly polished surface, which renders it impervious to oil and steam. It is specially made to pack joints in oil lines and steam joints where some other packings would be decom- posed by lubricating oils. It is made in sheets 36 inches wide, in rolls weighing ico pounds. It is stated that oil and steam hose may be lined with "Midnight" slock with good results. [Osgood Sayen. 421 -\rcailc hiiildinij. Philadelphia.] UciucER 1, lyo/. THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 13 coiled ing of FLEXIBLE DOOR BUMPER. By the use of a simple invention, that of a single wire in the proper form, the banging of doors and the niarr walls becomes an impossibility. As the illustration shows, one end of the wire is threaded, forming a screw for its attachment to the door, while the other end, which is slightly tap- ering, is finished with a rubber cap. As there are no metal rivets or screws in the rubber attached, it is claimed that it will last for an un- usually long time. Then, the fie.xibil- ity of the spring relieves the rubber somewhat, adding to its possibilities of longevity. The mere thought of the noiseless swinging back of doors brings a sense of rest, and the real- ity is sure to be a boon to people who are "conscious of nerves," as well as to those who deplore the dis- figuring results on walls. These bumpers are made in all the regular hardware finishes from ebony black to antique brass. [The Shelby Spring Hinge Co., Shelby, Ohio.] RUBBERTEX— A WATERPROOF CLOTH The name "Rubberte.x" has been applied to a new line of textile prod- ucts, resulting from a water-proofing process which involves no use of rub- ber. Space is given to the subject in these pages because the goods referred to are offered to the trade as a substitute for rubber factory products, and they seem to have stood the test of time satisfactorily. Cotton or other fabrics are used as the basis for "Rubberte.x,'' being treated with a peculiar petroleum product, in such way as to render the material waterproof, while leaving it pliable. As will be inferred from this description, "Rubbcrtex" is not injured by contact with oils. This material has been used with success for machinery belting, for which pur- pose it is not injured by outdoor exposure. In fact, a mill in Wisconsin is mentioned at which "Rubbertex" belting has been used for months under water. The same material, prepared under a somewhat different process, is used for steam and cold water packing. Other uses are roofing, carriage and wagon tops, tarpaulins, horse blankets, fertilizer and cement bags, and so on. An advantage referred tc in connection with "Rubbertex" roofing is that no paint is used in laying it. The manufacture is protected by United States patent No. 820,694, issued May 15, 1906, to Lon A. Bond. [Rubbertex Cloth and Paper Co., Logans- port, Indiana.] A RUSSIAN FOLDING BATHTUB. The illustration herewith relates to a folding batlitub made by the Russian-.\merican liiili.i-Knli!' r 1 . ^. i' . , '.-.•■.4. It Flexible Dcor Bcmter. Spexcer Turbine Cle.\xer. Ruisi.-\>i FoLWNG B.-MHTUB. is made in larger sizes than are usually seen in .\nierica, and in more durable form. The supporting device, simple in construc- tion, is also durable. SPENCER TURBINE CLEANER. This cleaner is a powerful air pump, without pistons or valves or connected mechanism of any sort, and is operated by an elec- tric motor or any other available power. The tools used in cleaning are wide slotted and by the large volume of air drawn through them all the necessary force is acquired to take up the accumulation of dust in carpets, rugs, or upholstery, without injury to the textile. In sweep- ing carpeted or wood floors and for various other forms of cleaning there is employed in the Spencer system a clean- ing tool having a slot 20 or 30 inches in length and ^ of an inch in width. Using such large orifices in i t s tools it can take up larger objects and therefore has a wide range of utility as well as expeditious method. Its capacity is net limited to carpeted buildings, but it can be used with an equal degree of efficiency in the factory, printing office, and the like, and is as successful in extracting the dust from the floor of a car as it is in remov- ing it from its cushioned seats. The dirt and dust so extracted is deposited in a capacious drawer in the machine which may be emptied in a moment. In installing these cleaners they are put in the basement, preferably with one or more pipe risers, pro- vided with inlet-valve-hose connections to connect with all parts of the building. But small space is required for their installation and they do not require an experienced operator. The amount of power necessary for operation is comparatively slight, and they are designed for use from day to day in place of the ordinary mop and broom, and not for an occasional housecleaning. [The Spencer Turbine Cleaner Co., Hartfo'rd, Connecticut.] ■MAPLEBAY" AUTOMOBILE TIRE COVER. A NEW tire cover made of waterproof leather that will not shrink or harden is shown in the illustration herewith. The tread fastens to tlu- iii;i of the wheel by means of fiat metal hooks, and it is claimed to increase the life of the tire four- fold, these hooks or clips serving to prevent a large percentage of the punctures. The attachment is neatly made, the clips going under the edge of the c 1 i n c h e r. This cover is made to fit any standard tire on the market. [Maplebay Manu- facturing Co., Crookston, Minne- "M.\PLEE.\v" TikE Cover. sota.] 14 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1907. Recent Patents Relating to Rubber. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. ISSUED JULY 30, 1907. NO. 861.^57. Hernial truss. J. W. Bunker, assignor to Bunker Truss Co., both of New York city. 861.270. Pneumatic dental cement injector. H. L. Cruttenden, Ncrth- field, Minn. 861,300. Hose coupling, W. H. Mack, Wilkinsburg, Pa. 861,349. Apparatus for treating the scalp. [Embracing a helmet, inflat- able tube, etc.] R. E. Beaubien, assignor to H. F. Hanson, both of Chicago. ?6i,386. Stopper for water bags and the like. J. Nuttall, Bridgeport. Conn. 861,434. Pneumatic tire [with plurality of inner tubes]. T. J. Chatham and J. S. Holliday, both of Turlock, Cal. 861,436. Combination voice extension attachment. [A form of dental plate.] J. N. Courtney, Salt Lake City, Utah. 861,528. Floor washer. A. Lord, Lynn, Mass. 861.542. Wheel. [With solid rubber tire.] B. C. Seaton. St. Louis. 861,545. Lawn hose support. F. H. Smith, assignor to G. S. Batty, both of Los Angeles, Cal. 861,597. Manufacture of gaskets. J. Merrltt, assignor of one-fourth each to W. A. Lorenz and W. H. Horniss— all of Hartford, Conn.— and one-half to Beech Nut Packing Co., Canajoharie, N. Y. 861,620. Exercising machine. J. E. Thompson, Worcester, Mass. 861,623. Wheel. [With cushioning springs at the rim, covered by a rubber shoe.] W. H. Trabue. Montvale, N. J. 861,697. Device for attaching rubber disks to bottle stoppers. H. N. and G. F. Balcom, Chicago. 861,819. Discharging apparatus for belt convevors. Thomas A. Edison, Llewellyn Park, X. J. 861,851. Electrical heater for hot water bags. C. Van D. Hill, St. Louis. 862,045. Hose or pipe coupling. S. O. Barnett, Newark, N. J. 862,063. Vehicle whtel. [With a tire, a hub, and resiliently mounted spokes.] J. F. De Jarnette, assignor to Eby Mfg. Co., Omaha, Neb. 862,070. Adjustable friction belt for automobile tires. E. Grieder, as- signor to E. J. Cole, both of Woodbine, Iowa. 862,101. Hair drying comb. P. E. Oswald, assignor to H. N. Wayne, both of Los Angeles, Cal. Riissttc. 12,628. Abdominal support. Nellie L. Digney, Bridgeport, Conn. Origi- nal No. 812,120. Trade Marks. The B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio. The following, for marking the kinds of goods specified: 28.4S8. The head of a goat. For hose. 28.489. The word Bock. For hose. 28.490. A pair of winged wheels running over a trestle. For hose. 28.491. The word Torrent. For hose. 28.492. The word Whirlpool. For hose. 28.493. The word Artesian. For hose. 28.494. The word Tidal. For hose. 28.495. The word Florist. For hose. 28.496. The word Atlas. For hose and packing. 28.499. The word Signal. For packing. 28.500. The word Mainstay. For packing. 28.501. The initials B. F. C. For packing. 28.502. The word Goodrich. For tires. 28.504. The word .Anchor. For pencil erasers. 28.505. The word Manyfold. For pencil erasers. 28.511. The word Princess. For syringes. 28.512. The word Empress. For syringes. ISSUED AUGUST 6, 1907. 862,148. Carrier. V. Filtcau, Montreal, Quebec. 862. 1 93. Truss. E. H . Parker, Chicago. 862,208. Piston and piston ring. C. A. Smith, Elgin. 111. 862,219. Pressure retaining valve for airbrake. C. L. U^degraff. West Fairview, Pa. 862,266. Filter for dust suction apparatus. A. Mestitz, Raudnitz, Austria- Hungary. 862,349. Hose ccupling. A. R. Robbins, Oceanpark, Cal. 862,369. Dust-colkcting machine. F. W. Agan, Ludlow. Vt. 862.396. Stamp. A. Heller, New York city. 862,405. Tire clcnchcr and rim. G. Lenoir, Washington, D. C. 862,412. Antislipping device. W. E. Partridge, Birmingham, England. 862.492. Triple valve for airbrakis. W. B. Mann, Baltimore, Md. 862,507. Rectal injection apparatus. C. E. Quimby. New York city. 862,526. Shoe dipping machine. J. H. Wall, Bristol, R. I, 862.545- .Xutomobile tire. A. Dameron, Marysville, Ga. 862,578. Hose coupling. K. O. Muehlberg, Homestead, assignor to Pittsburgh Hose Connector Co., Pittsburgh. Pa. 862.593. Fire hydrant. C, C. Steiner, Philadelphia. 862,702. Wheel. H. F. Broadhurst, London. England. 862,737. Atomizer. H. A. Hill and J. A. Lindstrom, Northampton, Pa. 862.748. Conveying apparatus. T. S. Miller. South Orange, N. J. 862.749. Nose clamp. ^L P. McLaughlin, Wakefield, Mass. 862,763. Medicated bougie. L. Sensburg, Munich, Germany. 862,785. Vehicle tire. W. E. Andrew, Atlantic Highlands, N. J. 862,794. Facial bandage. A. L. Black, Sacramento, Cal. 862,824. Pneumatic cleaning device. L. O. Howell, assignor, by mesne assignments, to Sanitary Appliance Co., both of Philadelphia. 862,837. Truss. T. E. Martin, assignor to Flora A. M. Martin, Buffalo, N. Y. Trade Marks 26,984. Electric Service Supplies Co., Philadelphia. The word Keystone. For electric insulating material. 28,263. L A. Harris & Brother, New York city. The word Sirrah. For raincoats. 28,481. The B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio. The word Star, l-or pack- ing 28,498. Same. Outline drawing of a star. For packing. ISSUED AUGUST 13, 1907. 862,899. Rod packing. O. J. Garlock, Palmyra, N. Y. 862.994. Pipe or hose coupling. J. H. Phillips, Jr., Jackson, Mich. 862.995. Pipe or hose coupling. Same. 863,013. Swimming apparatus. J. G. Baum, New York city. 863,040. Wheel. A. McLean, Brae Side, Ti Tree Point, New Zealand. 863^054. Matting. G. B, Dickerson. Wcstfield, assignor to New Jersey Car Spring and Rubber Co., Jersey City, N. J. _ 863,083. Protector for pneumatic tires for motor cars and smiilar vehicles. A. McLean, Brae Side, Ti Tree Point, New Zealand. 863,095. Automatic pump for rubber tires. O. D. Rousseau. Seymour, Iowa. 863,175. Induction coil. J. O. Heinze, Jr., Lowell, Mass. 863,196. Packini; for piston rods. L. H. Martell, Ellwcod City, Pa. 863.205. Packing. J. H. Nash and K. H. Briggs. Jr., East St. Louis, 111. 863.206. Resilient wheel for motor cars and ether road vehicles. T. Old- field and J. A. Schofield, Halifax, England. 363,260. Brush. G. S. Butterficid, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario. 863,306. Rubber tip for lead pencils. F. ilclntyre, New York city, as- signor to Eagle Pencil Co. 863,331. Antiskid device. E. B. Stimpson. New York city. ^^63,353. Tire tool. W. C. Broadwell, Rochester, N. Y. 863,366. Apparatus for molding golf and other playing balls. P. Dick, Edinburgh, Scotland. S63.386. Hoof pad. M. Hallansn, New York city. 863,398. Self closin ; clasp or cucj< frr rubber tubes. G. Ivanoff, Moscow, Russia. 863,409. Means for packing valve rods or shafts under pressure. O. E. Leib and E. E. Wilte, Trenton, N. J. 863.448. Process of making pluying balls. V. H. Richards, Hartford, Conn 863,451. Veniclo w liecl. T. Rowland, Coraopolis, Pa. 863,488. Vehicle tMc. J. Allend. Philadelphia. ^63,523. Letter, figure and the like in relief. J. Fischer, Budapest. Austria-Hungaiy. 863,535. Rubber tiic protector. J. Hippislev, Boston, assignor of forty- five onc-hundrcdths to A. E. Penney, Carbonear, Nev/foundland. 863,539. Wheel tire. A. J. James, Houston, Tex. 863,544. Machine, for rolling tires. H. V. Loss, Philadelphia, assignor to C. T. Schoen, Moylaii, Pa. S63.549. Overshoe. H. Mctz, I'.asccm, Ohio. 865,571. Means foi attaching tlc.xible tubes to sources of water supply. C. J. Kintner, New York city. Tr-idc Marks. ;:7,77i. Frank \\'. Whitcher, Boston. The word Clincher. P'ur rubbtr cement. The B. F. Goodrich Co., .\kron, Ohio. The following, for marking the kinds of goods specified : 28,503. The word Akron. For dental -nbber. 28.506. The words Babies Friends. For infant pacifiers. 28.507. The word Goodnch. For dental cam. 28.508. Tlie word Eidcidou-n. For water bottles. 28.509. The word Nugget. For water bottles. 28,516. The words Haskell Moich. For gr'f balls. October i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 15 ISSUED AUGUST 20, 1907. ■86J.619. Packing. L. H. Martell, Ellwood City, Pa. 863.656. Safety fuse. J. Sachs and !•". D. Reynolds, Hartford, Conn., assignors to the Sachs Co. 86J.689. .Armored pneumatic tires. H. W. Avery and W. S. Judd, Cleve- land, Ohio. 563.744. Air brake couphng. E. D. Nelson and W. L. Brown, .\ltoona. Pa. 863.745. Hose pipe coupling end. Stime. 863.746. Air brake apparatus. Same. 863,748. Clothes wringer. G. A. Paddock, Beaver Dam, Wis. 863,787. Life saving apparatus. L. D'lilia, Seattle, Wash. 863,793. Forming filaments out of viscose or similar viscous material. C. A. Ernst. Lansdowne, assignor to S. W. Pettit, Philadelphia. 863,795. Hydraulic nozzle support. G. J. Henry, Jr., assignor of one- half to The Peltcn Water Wheel Co., San Francisco. 863,846. Hose cart. ;\. Hasse. Peoria, III. 863,873. Heel cushion. P. W. Pratt, Boston, assignor to C. F. Brown, trustee, Reading, Mass. 863.887. Joint clamp. H. Stuttle, Batavia, III. 863,901. Coupling. K. Brumbaugh, assignor to Brumbaugh, Hamilton & Kellogg, all of Fairbanks, Alaska. 863,917. Combination dress shield and bust supporter. J. Guest and G. M. Guest, Oakland, Cal. "863,969. Telegraph and telephone cable core. W. Dieselhcrst, Old Charlton, and A. W. Martin, London. England. 864,052. Vapor bath apparatus. O. D. Waltz, Tacoma, Wash. ■ 864,112. Elastic tire. W. S. Smith, Hyde Park place, and W. H. Ed wards, Walthamstow, England, said Edwards assignor to said Smith 864,123. Method or process of coating nitrocellulose films. F. M. Cos- sitt, assignor to The Anthony & Scoville Co., both of Binghamton N. Y, ■864,141. Compressed air cushion mechanism for automobiles. T. F. Scott, Everett, Mass. Trade Marks. 16.802. The M. Lindsay Rubber Manufacturing Co., Washington. D. C. Picture of Charles Goodyear with facsimile autograph beneath. For druggists' sundries and notions. 16.803. The M. Lindsay Rubber Manufacturing Co., \\'ashington, D. C. Picture of Charles Goodyear without autograph. For rubber footwear. 28,439. Edward W. Dodez, Fori Wayne, Ind. The word Onililc. For dental cements. 28.854. Continental Rubber Co., Jersey City, N. J. Double triangle in broken out lines enclosing the words Triangle Brand. For crude rubbe r. 28.855. Same. Square in broken outlines enclosing the word Square. For crude rubber. 28.856. Same. Double square in broken outlines enclosing words Square Brand. For crude rubber. 28.857. Same. Triangle in brcken outline enclosing the word Triangle. For crude rubber. 28,901. Selz, Schwab & Co., Chicago. The words Royal Blue. For rub- ber boots and shoes. 28,905. Same. Double outlined ellipse enclosing the words The Sole of Honor. For rubber brots r.nd shoes. 28,907. Same. The word Seh. For rubbe: boots and shoes. 28.927. St. Paul Rubber Co., St. Paul, Minn. Black shield bearing the word Hickory in white letters. For rubber boots and shoes. ISSUED AUGUST 27. 1907. 167. Insulating conduit for electric wires. A. P. Hinsky, Hoboken, N. J. 195. .Apparatus for making rubber stamps. G. J. B. Rodwell, Chicago, assignor of cne-half to Timmins & Butler, Buffalo, N. Y. 210. Belt splicer. J. B. Stone, London, England. 216. Overshoe clamp. E. W. Waltz, Linden, Pa. 225. Tire mending implement. J. W. Blodgett, assignor to J. H. McElroy. trustee, both of Chicago. 226. Jfethod of inserting plugs in pneumatic tires. J. W. assignor to J. M. McElroy. trustee, both of Chicago. Hose coupling. R. M. Haley. Columbus, Ohio. H. .\. Lockwood, Kansas City, Mo. E. Hopkmson, East Orange, N. J. E. Grey, assignor of one-half to J. both of Philadelphia. 445. Respirator. E. N. Casey and H. E. Rathbun, Providence, R. I., assignors, by mesne assignments, to American Respirator Co., Boston. 528. \'ihralor or massage instrument. F. B. Fuchs, Newark, N. J. 582. Mold for foi ruing hollow articles. J. A. Williams, Iron, Ohio. 616. Rubber bott. J. T. Crowley. Lamb-:rtville, N. J. 627. Wheel. W. H. Douglas, Belleville. N, J., assignor to Healey & Co., New York city. 652. Coupling device. W. J. King, Watervalley, Miss. 745. Bowling ball. E. A. Schenck. Kansas City, Kan. Reissue. 85. Method of making waterproof welts. J. R. Reynolds, Hartford, Conn., assignor to The \\^aterprocf Welt .-^nd Filler Co. 864, 864, 864. 864, "S64, 864, S64, SS4, S64. 864, S64. 864, S64, S04, 864, 864, 864, gett, 299. Air wheel. Wheel rim. Gasket. H. Blod- F. Holland, Trade Marks. 20,711. George A. Alden & Co., Boston. A No. i monogram in broken outline. For mineral rubber. 28,462. American Circular Loom Co., Portland. Maine. Design showing cross section of insulated wires, spots indicating wires being of a silvery color. For electric conduits. 28,872. Birmingham Iron Foundry, Derby, Conn. The word Birmingham. For rubber mill machinery. 29,112. The M. Lindsay Rubber Manufacturing Co., New York and Washington, D. C. Picture of Charles Goodyear with facsimile auto- graph beneath. For certain specified druggists and surgical sundries. [Note. — Printed copies of specifications of United States patents may be obtained from The 1ndi.\ Rubber World office at 10 cents each, postpaid.) GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. PATENT SPECIFICATIONS PUBLISHED. The number giv:n is th.-'t assigned to the Patent at the filing of the .Application, which in the case of those listed below was in 1906. *Denotes Patents for American Inventions. [Abstracted in the Illustrated Official Journal, July 17, 1907.] 7.339 (1906). Spring wheel with tire of rubber blocks wound with wire cable. A. Dickinson, Birmingham. 7,441 (1906). Boot with inner sole embracing airtight compartments of R. E. Cretney, Douglas, Isle of Man. Rubber brush for applying liquids to the scalp. H. J. Walker, rubber. 7,460 (1906). London. 7,497 (1906)- 7.511 (1906). Brampton 7.512 (1906). F. W. W. E. Cover for motor car tires. F. J. Whitlock, London. Studded tread band to prevent skidding of tires. Wolverley. Non slipping tread for tires, boots and the like. Partridge, Birmingham. 7,552 (1906). Pneumatic tire with air tube wholly inclosed within the rim and protected by a solid rubber tread. F. H. Pickering. 7,558 (1906). Tire inflating pump actuated by the motion of the wheel. A. Radbourne, Birmingham, and another. 7,578 (1906). Gage for india-rubber calendering machine. E. A. Claremont, Manchester, and another. 7,671 (1906). Means for securing a detachable flange to a wheel rim. D. A. A. Prust, London, and another. 7.727 (1906). Washing and wringing machine. W. Drawe, Warburg, Ger- many. 7,790 (1906). Spring wheel with solid rubber tire. -A. W. Tidbury, London. [.Abstracted in the Illustrated Official Journ.^l, July 24, 1907.] 7.937 (1906). Pneumatic tire. W. Drury, London. 7,937A (1906). Pneumatic and cushion tires. W. Drury, London. 7,940 (1906). Solid rubber tire, with non-skidding metal rings. Winter, London. 8,079 (1906). Spring wheel, with spokes bearing on rubber cushions. A. E. Brillie, Paris, France. 8,142 (1906). Tire valve with rubber cap. Smith, London. •8,162 (1906). RuDber shoe dipping and varnishing machine. J. H. Wall, Bristol, Rhode Island. 8,188 (1906). Solid and cushion tires. E. B. Killen, London. 8,205 (1906). Pneumatic heel pad. J. Cairus, London. [.Abstracted in the Illustr.\ted Official Journal, July 31, 1907.] Non-skid studs for tires. J. W. Towle, London. Spring tire with rubber tread. B. C. Seaton, St. Louis; G. B. P. B. Cow and W. S. H. 8,229 (1906). •8,234 (1906). Missouri. 8,313 (1906). Waterproof fabrics made by cementing a thin sheet of guttapercha to cloth with rubber cement. E. Frankenberg, Hanover, Germany. Link belt non-skid for tires. .A. H. Duncuff, Birmingham. Sectional solid tire. E. B. Killen, London. Tire tube and security bolt. C. W. Dean, London. Rubber covered roller, the vulcanization being greater at .A. Wilson, Silsden, Yorkshire. Rubber stair treads. C. H. Gray, Silvertown. Solid lubber tire reinforced by New Y''ork city. Rubber connection for tire pumps. Copenhagen, Denmark. [.Abstr.^cted in the Illustrated Offici.\l Journal. August 8. 1907.] •8,684 (1906). Collapsible boat made of waterproof cloth. J. F. Hawley, Pennsylvania. 8,704 (1906). Expanding pipe plug, with rubber contact ring. D. Smith, Sheffield. (1906). Spring wheel, having two concentric pneumatic tubes interposed between rim and hub. A. Cuming, London. 8,736 (1906). Rubber covered spring roller. A. Osterm.nnn. Westfalen, Germany. 8,767 (1906). Germany. 8,817 (1906). 8,335 (1906). 8,369 (1906). 8. 398 (1906). 8,465 (1906). the core. 8,514 (1906). *S,6o2 (1906). Lancaster, 8,661 (1906). K. Miller, 729 coiled springs. F. J. J. C. P. Petersen and Rubber pedals for bicycles. W. Wippermann. Westfalen, Tire vulcanizer in sections. H. E. Poultney, Handsworth, Staffordshire. 16 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i. 1907. rubber blocks. M. Wilderman, T. H. Hoseason, •8,846 (1906). Spring wheel, comprising springs J. H. Lorinier, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 8,953 (1906). Rxibber substitute, made of vulcanized cod liver or sun- flower oil, mixed with isoprene and matcsite, which last is a Mada- gascar plant juice. P. Beresin, St. Petersburg, Russia. 8,968 (1906). Studs for tires and stair treads. W. Turner and New Motor and General Rubber Co., London. S.9-6 (1906). Mold for tires. R. Ramsbottom, J. \V. Turner, and A. Buxton, Manchester. S.997 (1906). Tire removing tool. L. Mellor, Buxton, Derbyshire. [.Abstracted in the Illustrated Official Journ.\l, August 14, 1907.] 9,086 (1906). Unvulcanized rubber insulating posts and discs in electric influence machines. H. Wommelsdorf, Charlottenberg, Germany. •9,171 (1906). Pneumatic cow catcher for street cars. J. Post, Phila- delphia, Pennsylvania. 9,248 (1906). Tubeicss pneumatic tire. J. D. Roots, London. 9,290 (190b). Rubber reclaiming or purifying apparatus. London. 9,308 (1906). Urethral syringe with rubber bulb and tube. Manchester. 9,322 (1906). Attaching shoe soles of self-hardening composition by means of imbedded studs, etc. L. Levy, Cologne. Germany. 9.332 (1906). Quick fastener for belts. H. and A. M. Lewis, Hands- worth, Staffordshire. 9.333 (1906). Wire brush for roughening tire treads before applying protector. C. Joly, London. 9,382 (1906). Rubber door check. \V. H. Thorne, Upper Parkstone, Dorsetshire. 9,462 (1906). Artificially, with rubber block in ankle joint. H. Yearsley, Eccks. 9,512 (1906). Spring wheel with rubber tire. H. F. Nichols, Adelaide, S. Australia. 9.519 (1906). Draw spring for vehicles, comprising rubber cushions or buffers. E. Poizot, Paris, France. 9,527 (1906). Pneumatic tire with plates to engage clincher rim. Glaub & Co., Mannedorf, Switzerlaid. 9,529 (1906). Cycle tire, with rivets for engaging clincher rim. J. W. Mackenzie, I-ondcn. 9,560 (1906). Removable rim. C. S. and J. A. Challiner, Manchester. *9.579 (1906). Rubber lined and covered air brake hose. F. A. Magowan, New York city. THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. NEW TENNIS SHOE LISTS. D.\rES Application). Patents Issued (with 373.3^5 (Jan. 4, 1907). C. E. Henroid. Shock absorber. 373.354 (Jan. 5). E. Gare. Process of rubber manufacture. 373.485 (Jan. 12). J. Hart. Tire repair outfit. 373.544 (Jan- 14). Broadwell. Tire removing or applying tool. 373,552 (Jan. 14). D. Smith and F. W. Smith. Rubber shoe. 373,602 (Jan. 15). Societe Generalc des stablissments Bergcugnan. Armored pneumatic tire. 373.663 (Jan. 17). H. G. Lesur. Method of inflating tires while running. 373.649 (Jan. 17). D. Levat and L. Guiguet. Apparatus for extracting rubber from vines or roots. 373.730 (Jan. 17). D. Levat and L. Guiguet. Grinder for rubber bark. 373.786 (Jan. 22). L. Farnoux. Pneumatic tire. jonard. Elastic tire. L. Perard. Antiskid, punctureproof pneumatic tire. Platel. Pneumatic tire. Plinatus. Pneumatic tire. Monteiro Le Brito. Cushion tire, cork filled. J. Poulet. Removable rim. Baudry. Detachable tire. E. Cardinet. Fastening for tires and skid treads. American Cellular Tire Co. Pnturaatic tire. Subra. Elastic tire. Lesage et Cic. Generale de Pneumatiques Increvable. Wileman. Antiskid lor tires. AL Maunier. Wheel brake. C. Cote and dc Vire. Tire protector. [Note. — Printed copies of specifications of French patents may be ob- tained from R. Bobet, Ingcnieur-Counscil, 16 avenue de Villiers, Paris, at 50 cents each, postpaid.] 373.880 (Jan. 24). 374.036 (Jan. 29). 374,080 (Jan. 30). 374,081 (Jan. 30). 374,093 (Jan. 30). 374,144 (Feb. 2). 374,149 (Feb. 2). 374,247 (Jan. 3-). 374.292 (Feb. 5). 374.345 (Feb. 6). 374,347 (Feb. 6). Elastic tire. 374.348 (Feb. 6). 374.419 (Feb. 8). 374-436 (Jan. 8). UNDER date of September 3 tlie United States Rubber Co. issued a new price list of tennis, yachting, and gymnasium shoes. Prices are as follows : Vacation Br.^nd.* (Extra heav3', red rubber soles.) Balmorals. O.xfords Men's $1.25 $1.10 Boys' 1.20 1.05 Youths' I. IS i.oo Women's 1.20 1.05 Misses' 1. 15 I.oo Children's i.io .95 Yachting Brand.* (White rubber soles, leather insoles, cartons.) Balmorals. 0-xfords. Men's $1.05 $0.95 Bovs' 95 -85 Youths' 85 .75 Women's 90 .80 Misses' 85 .75 Children's .80 .70 National Brand.! (Leather insoles, cartons.) Balmorals. Oxfords. Men's $1.05 $0.95 Boys' 95 -85 Youths' 85 .75 Women's 90 .80 Misses' 85 .75 Children's 80 .70 Ch.\MPION BRAND.t (In bulk.) Balmorals. Oxfords. Men's $0.65 $0.55 Boys' 58 .48 Youths' 53 -43 Women's 55 -45 Misses' 50 .40 Children's 45 -35 GyMNASIL'M BRAND.t (Leather insoles, cartons.) Balmorals. Oxfords. Men's $0.85 $o.7S Boys' 75 -65 Youths' 65 .55 Women's 70 .60 Misses' (j5 -55 Children's 5° -5° Bathing Shoes.! (In bulk.) Men's $0.45 Boys' 40 Youths' 40 Women's -40 Misses' 40 Children's 35 Innek Tubes. — Motor Print says : "Do not put too much French chalk in the outer cover for fear that it may lump and damage the inner tube. This is sure to happen if by any means moisture finds its way to the chalk. Graphite is a very efficient substitute for the chalk when the latter is not at hand." Except for the fact that graphite is black and therefore blacken=; the hands, it is far superior in every way to French chalk or talcum. — Graphite. •White or brown duck. fWhite, black or brtwn duck. tWhite or black duck. Prices are unchanged for Vacation brands ; higher for Yacht- ing bals and lower for Yachting oxfords; and generally lower on the remainder of the list. The Lycoming Rubber Co. (Williamsport, Pennsylvania), a subsidiary of the United States Rubber Co., have entered the tennis trade, with their Lycoming and Keystone brands, of which a list has been issued, under date of September i. The items in their list correspond generally to the 'Vacation, National, Cham- pion, and Gymnasium brands in the preceding list, and at the same prices. In addition to the colors alone named, some of the Lycoming coir.pany's goods come in tan and wine duck. The Goodyear's India-Rubber Glove Manufacturing Co. also issue, under the same date as above, a list of goods designated as the Outing, Racquet, and .\tlilctc brands, each covering bal- niorals and oxfords. October i, igo-] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 17 Among the Tire Makers. NEW MIDGLEY UNIVERSAl EIM. THE Midgley rim for automobile tires as now being placed on the market for 1908, while the same in principle as the rim marketed under this name hitherto, embodies some improvements of note which have been designed with a view to simplicity. The most radical departure from the old rim is that the new rim, instead of being hollow, is rolled out of a solid piece of steel, by reason of which the rim may be fitted to wheels with less labor than formerly. Another point is the incorporation in the rim proper of a clinch as on the standard Clincher rim, necessitating the use of but one detachable bead, which fits in the groove on the outer edge of the rim as in the past. Formerly there were two detach- able beads, making the two sides of the rim alike. When this bead is fitted with the clincher side in, the rim takes any stand- ard make of clincher tire and by simply reversing the bead and fitting a rubber filler in the permanent clinch on the rim, a Dunlop tire can be used, as the filler is so made as to fit in the clinch and exactly correspond to the straight edge of the detach- able ring which ac- commodates the Dun- lop tire. The two illustra- tions herewith show (l) the Midgley rim, designed for the Clincher type of tire and (2) the same rim designed for Dunlop tires, the latter hav- ing a rubber filler in the clinch on the left. The inside dimensions of the Midgley Universal rim and the width at the tire seat are exactly the same as the standard Clincher dimensions. The method of drawing up the bead is by means of the turn- buckle which has been employed since the first Midgley detach- able rim was placed upon the market, in the autumn of 1904. The Midgley Manufacturing Co. (Columbus, Ohio) announce that during four years, ending July 28 last, 118,294 Midgley rims for automobiles were made by them and shipped on bona fide orders. The Midgley company have been adding 100.000 square feet of floor space to their plant and installing additional ma- chinery at a cost of $60,000. SWINEHART TIRES IN EUROPE. During a recent visit to Europe Mr. B. C. Swinchart, vice president of The Swinehart Clincher Tire and Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio), entered into arrangements with Actiengesell- schaft Metzeler & Co., of Munich, for the manufacture and sale of tires in Germany and England, under the Swinehart patents. Messrs. Metzeler have purchased the patents for Germany and leased the rights for Great Britain. LEATHER MOTOR TIRES. The Antioak automobile tires are made from specially tanned leather produced under a secret process by the Antioak Leather Co., a California corporation owning a large factory at Los Angeles. This leather has been put to a number of uses, includ- ing the making of tire covers. The leather as treated for tires is referred to as not afifected by use in the wet or by heat, light, or oil, and does not harden or crack. Antioak tires are made of two or three thicknesses of this specially prepared leather, with an anti-friction coating between the layers. The tires are manu- factured also at Los Angeles by the Antioak Tire Co., a corpora- dunlop type. New Midgley Rim. tion of New Jersey, with an authorized capital of $1,000,000, one-half of 7 per cent, cumulative preferred stock and one-half common. The Antioak Tire Co. have offices at No. 200 Broad- way, New York, and are called the parent company. Selling companies are being organized in the various states, such com- panies having been Incorporated in New York, New Jersey, Con- necticut, and California, and others are in process of formation. New York Antioak Auto Tire Co., the incorporation of which was reported in The India Rubber World August i (page 353), have opened an office at Nos. 1781-1783 Broadway, New York. THE BIOYCLE TIRE TRADE. One is strongly reminded of earlier days in the trade by the reappearance of catalogues of bicycle tires, a type of trade pub- lication which, following the decline in cycling, practically dis- appeared. Such a catalogue has just been issued by Morgan & Wright (Detroit, Michigan), forming a neat brochure of 48 pages, in which are described not only the double tube tires with which the firm have been so long identified, but also single tube and cushion tires together with a long list of sundries and specialties for use in connection with use for tires and their repair. The firm announce themselves optimistic regarding the future of the bicycle. They say that while in 1904 the total output of wheels in the United States did not exceed 200,000, this amount was in- creased to over 500,000 in 1906, with estimated requirements for the present year of 750,000. From other quarters evidence comes of a growing in cycling in this country. The second midsummer meeting of the Cycle Manufacturing Association at Atlantic City this year, in con- nection with two allied associations — makers of accessories and the bicycle jobbers — was largely attended, and those present evinced great enthusiasm over the condition of the trades which they represent. This feeling was shared by The Bicycle World, which regards the .Atlantic City meeting as marking "the birth of a new bicycle trade." mieactjlum, for cjiring punctttres. A NEW compound called "Miraculum" has been introduced to the tire trade in England, the injection of which into inner tubes is intended to render them immune from punctures. The prepara- tion is understood to have originated in Australia, and its con- stituents thus far remain a secret, but it is described as a serai- liquid, similar in appearance and thickness to cream, which is injected through the valve and spreads over the inner surface of the tube as the wheel revolves, being at all times in readiness to fill any puncture that may be sustained by the tire. Miraculum is claimed not to solidify in the tubes or evaporate; not to prevent tubes from being patched or vulcanized in the usual manner; and not to affect the resiliency of tires. Besides, it is referred to as preserving the rubber rather than affecting it injuriously. A company has been registered in England under the style Miraculum, Limited, with ^25,000 [=$121,662.50] capital, for ex- ploiting the new material. The prospectus of the company men- tions a number of tests which seem to support the claims made for the compound. The secretary of the company is Arthur E. Cowley, and the registered office, 48, Dover street, W., London. The United States consul at Birmingham reports that "Miracu- lum" is to be introduced into the American market. TIRE COMPANY NOTES. The Detroit branch of the Hartford Rubber Works Co., at No. 256 Jefferson avenue, has been placed in charge of H. C. Severance, formerly of the home office, and who has been con- nected with the company from boyhood. Charles Measure, long and widely known in the automobile 18 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1907. tire trade, has been appointed manager of the New York branch of The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio), to suc- ceed K. B. Harwood, resigned. E. H. Broadvvell, for a considerable time manager of the Detroit branch of The Fisk Rubber Co., has been called to Chicopee Falls to become general sales manager of the company. Morgan & Wright (Detroit, Michigan) have established a branch at Los Angeles, at Nos. 1 18-122 East Tenth street, for the accommodation of their tire customers in southern California. Morgan & Wright have established a branch in Philadelphia, at Thirteenth and Cherry streets, with Harvey H. Colbath manager. Robert J. Firestone, sales manager of the Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio), is absent on a business tour of Mexico and the Pacific coast states. The company will establish a branch in Mexico city. John D. Hodgkins, for several years manager of the St. Louis branch of the Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio), will hereafter represent that company at Atlanta, Georgia, being succeeded at St. Louis by O. O. Petty. The Diamond Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio) have opened a branch at Los Angeles, California, at Nos. 1207-1209 Main street, in charge of F. O. Nelson, who has equipped it with a full stock of tires. The Todd Rubber Co. (New Haven, Connecticut), of which E. J. Todd is president, are doing an active business in the sale of solid tires. They received, not long since, at one shipment, 66 500- foot reels of rubber tire stock from the Consolidated Rubber Tire Co. (New York), whom they represent in New Haven. The Michelin Tire Co. have appointed as manager of their Boston branch Mr. Laurence H. Fiske, who for three years past has been local manager of the International Rubber Co. J. Wil- bur Hobbs, lately with The Diamond Rubber Co., has been ap- pointed manager of the Michelin 'New York office. E. E. ^IcMaster, an experienced tire salesman, has been ap- pointed western manager of the Continental Caoi'tchouc Co. (New York), with headquarters at Detroit. The Gaulois Tire Co., No. 1739 Broadway, New York, are sole American representatives of the "Gaulois" tire, made by Ber- gougnan & Cie.. of Clemont-Ferrand, France. The Palmer Cord motor tires are being made in sizes up to six inches. The "Continental" tire agency for the Federated Malay States has been placed with the Federated Engineering Co., at Kuala Lumpur. The "Persan" tires, made by the India Rubber, Gutta Percha, and Telegraph Works Co., Limited, are sold there by Zacharias & Co. RUBBER PLANTERS OF MEXICO. A CALL has been issued for a meeting of rubber planters in Mexico, whether private individuals or representatives of corporations, to be held on October 9-10, in the club room of the Mexican Herald building, in the city of Mexico. The circular of invitation says : "Our rubber planting industry is now reaching the stage when the first large results are being obtained, and it will save the individual planters considerable time and expense if results are compared and new and modern methods adopted in the collection of the raw material as well as in preparation of the final prod- uct. - - - The rubber planters of Mexico should learn the best methods of marketing their product, so as to obtain the best possible results. The experimental era of rubber planting is now drawing to its end." The invitation committee consists of Dr. Pehr Olsson-Seffer, of La Zacualpa botanical station; Paul Hudson, of the Mexican Herald; W. B. Murray, of the Mexican Investor; and Ignacio Carranza, of El Heraldo Agricola. The program of subjects to be discussed includes "The Necessity of Regulating Rubber Collecting by Federal Legisla- tion" and "Mexico at the First International Rubber E.xhibition to be Held in London, Autumn, 1908." Papers are announced on "The Present Condition of Rubber Culture" and "Preparation of Crude Rubber," by Dr. Olsson-Seffer; "Cacao as an Adjunct to Rubber Culture," by Mr. James C. Harvey; and "The Rubber Planter and the Labor Supply," by Senor Carranza. There will be a planters' dinner on the evening of October 9, and an election of officers at the close of the convention, on October 10. This will be the second attempt to bring about concerted action among the rubber planters of Mexico. In 1903 the preliminary steps were taken for the organization of the United Planters' Association of Mexico. By-laws were prepared by a committee and printed, and a tentative organization formed, but practically all that was done was to celebrate the Fourth of July and the Mexican Independence Day, which is September 16, by giving banquets. [See The Indi.\ Rubber World. September i, 1907.] TO REGULATE COTTON PRICES. "Springfield" DET.^CHABLE Tire Toou fDcsigncd for use in connection with pry blades furnished by the tire makers to remove clincher tires from rims. Some tools used to loosen tires. which have become attached to the rims, lead to their serious injury. The parts of the "Springfield" tool that come in contact with the tire conform to its shape, and tluis do not injure it. The Shawver Co., Springfield, Ohio.] 'T~'HERE is a movement on foot among the cotton producers *■ in the United States to form an organization for the pur- pose of fixing a minimum price for cotton. On September 5 the executive committee of the Southern Cotton Association, at their annual fall meeting at Jackson, Mississippi, voted to recommend that the growers demand 15 cents for cotton, middling basis, at interior points. The Farmers' Union, in national convention at Little Rock, Arkansas, on September 3, voted unanimously for a minitnum price of 15 cents per pound for the crop of 1907. This movement seems to have been encouraged by the evident greater willingness of southern bankers to advance money on cotton in storage than ever before. The Cotton Journal says that it is now an easy matter to store a 500 pound bale of cotton in a warehouse and borrow on it $50 from a local bank, at from 6 to 8 per cent, per year. Counting storage, insurance, and interest on a bale of cotton, if held on an average of six months, this means an expense of less than i cent a pound. But hy holding and selling slowly a gain is hoped for of 3 or 4 cents a pound over the prices likely to be realized if the crop should be rushed on the market in large quantities, during the next three months. * * * The semi-annual meeting of the National .Association of Cot- ton Manufacturers will be held at Washington, D. C, on October 3-4, on the last of which days the European delegates to the cotton conference at Atlanta, mentioned on another page of this paper, will be present. The program embraces a number of topics of interest to cotton manufacturers, while some will appeal no less to planting interests. Octcher I, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 19 OBITUARY. SIR DIETRICH BRAXDIS, ll. d., f. r. s., who died at Bonn, Germany, May 28, 1907, entered the forestry service of India at the age of 32 and retired from it in 1883, after a notable career, having practically created the state forest department. Eight years subsequently were spent in connection with the royal botanic gardens at Kew, where again he rendered distinguished service. As Dr. Brandis, Sir Dietrich made a contribution of value to the "Report on the Caoutchouc of Commerce" by James Collins (London: 1872), which has now become a classic. * * * DuRAND Woodman, ph.d.. died at Fanwood, New Jersey, Sep- tember 4, 1907, at the age of 47. He was born in New York city and was graduated from the Stevens Institute of Technology in the class of 1880, after which he studied at the University of Berlin and the analytical laboratory of Fresenius, in Wiesbaden. From 1883 to 1886 Dr. Woodman was chemist for the United States Electric Light Co. In i^oi he opened a laboratory as Dr. Duranu Woodman. analytic and consulting chemist in New York city, which he con- tinued until his death. Much of his work here was in connection with india-rubber and its applications, which brought him into contact with many members of the rubber trade. Dr. Woodman was a member of the American Chemical Society, Society of Chemical Industry (London), Deutscher Chemische-Gesellschaft (Berlin), Verein Deutcher Chemiker, Chemists' Club, and the Stevens Alumni. * * * Horace W. Butler, who died at Akron, Ohio, on September 17, in his eighty-eighth year, was born in Weatherfield, Connecticut, and had lived in Akron since 1865. He was a foundry pattern maker until ten years ago, when he gave up work. He was the father of Charles J. Butler, president of Morgan & Wright, the rubber manufacturers at Detroit. COMING AUTOMOBILE SHOWS. THE automobile show season this year, in the United States, will begin this month. The first of the big shows will be the eighth annual of the Automobile Club of America in con- nection with the American Motor Car Manufacturers' Associa- tion, at the Grand Central Palace, New York, October 24-31. The space allotted to e.xhibitors on September 7 amounted to 65.000 square feet, or about 10,000 more than last year, the increase to be provided for by remodelling portions of the building. A considerable amount of space was drawn by the 104 members of the Motor and Accessories Association, Inc. The tire trade promises to be well represented, in the way of standard tires and also those less known, and tire specialtips. New York's ne.\t show, the third held under the auspices of the Association of Licensed .'\utomobile Manufacturers, will be held in the Madison Square Garden, November 2-9. Here, too, more space will be required than at any previous show, the extra space to result from remodelling the basement of the building. Last season there were 255 individual exhibitors at the Garden; this year the number is expected to reach 325. The Garden will be opened again, from December 28 to Jan- uary 4, for the Importers' Salon. The Chicago automobile show, under the auspices of the National .'\ssociation of Automobile Manufacturers, will be held November 30-December 7, in the Coliseum and the armories of the First and Seventh regiments. This will be Chicago's eighth annual automobile show, in connection with which will be held the first annual commercial vehicle show. The allotment of spaces was announced in September, indicating a total of 250 intending exhibitors, against 222 last year. The list embraces 90 car builders, and the rest will exhibit accessories, including 16 rubber tire makers of prominence. * * * London's Olympia motor show is scheduled for November 11-23; the Grand Palais show of Paris for November 12- Decem- ber I : and the Berlin show for December 5-12. RECORD OF RUBBER PLANTATIONS. AV.\LU.\BLE book of reference is the "Tropical Investors' Guide"— a register of rubber and tea companies in Ceylon, Malaya, and elsewhere in the Far East, lately brought out by the puWishers of The Times of Ceylon, of Colombo. It lists more than 200 companies engaged in rubber planting, or rubber in connection with tea or other crops, giving just such details as an investor or intending investor would wish to know or be able to refer to, the information in most cases being brought down to July I of this year, or later. The names of the directors are given, together with location of head offices, amount of capital authorized or paid in, acreage in rubber, statistics of production, dividends, quotations for shares, etc. The book will be of in- terest doubtless to many non-investors, as a record of the loca- tion, extent, and results of rubber culture in the East. This book of 277 octavo pages is supplied by Capper & Sons, 27, Minc- ing lane, E. C, London, for 7 shillings or $1.75 (gold). WANTS AND INQUIRIES. [429] A X inquirer in Canada wishes to obtain a really good ■^*- solution to prevent rubber from sticking to iron molds in vulcanizing. [430] "In your issue of November, 1906, you have an in- teresting article on Petrolatum as a rubber compoundmg ingredient. We should be pleased to know where to obtain this material." [431] Information is asked for regarding the manufacture of golf balls and where machinery for the same can be procured. [432] The names of manufacturers of corn oil are asked for. [433] Details are wanted regarding machines for quickly vul- canizing w^ire-edged cycle tires, and information as to where they can be procured. [434] A foreign concern wishes prices and samples of ma- terials used by Americans in the manufacture of rubber balls. [435] From Germany comes a request for the names of pro- ducers able to supply "Ceylon" graphite direct to European cus- tomers. [436] A member of the cotton goods trade desires informa- tion regarding "Methley patent cloth," a fabric adapted for auto- mobile tops. [437] The name and address are desired of any firm con- trolling articles made from vulcan fiber or silesith. 20 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1907. THIS BUILDING IS CALLED THE FIRST COMPOUND. IHls DUILDING IS cALLhU THE SECOND COMPOUND. TWO PRINCIPAL BUILDINGS OF THE TOKIO INDUSTRIAL EXPOSITION. October i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 21 RUBBER AT THE TOKIO EXHIBITION. THE GUAYULE INTEREST. BY A RESIDENT CORRESPONDENT. nP O THE Editor of The India Rubber World: The Tokio ■'■ Local Exhibition, opened in Uyeno Park on March 20 and only just closed, illustrated in a very encouraging manner the industrial progress now being made in Japan. The broader appli- cation of science and art to our industries within recent years, with the aid afforded by capitalists, has led to development in all branches in marked contrast with the comparatively primitive conditions prevailing up to less than a decade. This improvement refers in no small degree to manufactures of india-rubber. At the fifth Japanese National Exhibition, held at Osaka in 1902, tha exhibits of rubber goods of domestic manu- facture were much inferior to those in the same classes shown by foreign makers. At the late Tokio Local Exhibition, as its name implies, only local manufacturers were invited to exhibit ; it was not even open to all Japan. But the display of rubber goods was of striking interest, and gave evidence of remarkable progress in this industry. The range of rubber exhibits is indi- cated by the following list of the principal displays : Gomel Kaisha Mitatsuchi showed especially ebonite for elec- trical uses ; also, rubber tires, divers' suits, rubber balls, and hygienic articles. They were awarded a silver medal of honor. Meija Gomu Meiji (Meiji Rubber Works) exhibited automo- bile tires, bicycle tires, hydraulic hose for 4000 pounds pressure, vacuum hose, and ebonite goods. A sample was shown of hose 12 inches in diameter made especially for the navy, for dis- charging water from the warships captured during the Russo- Japanese war. This hose and the automobile tires attracted special attention. A silver medal of honor was awarded to this exhibit. Tokio Rubber Works, Limited, received a diploma of the tirst order for a display in which rubber rolls and belting predomi- nated. Paper mill rolls were shown, 8 feet long and 10 inches in diameter, and belting up to 20 inches. The exhibit included also suction hose, packings, and rubber sheeting. Nippon Gomu Kabushiki (Nippon Rubber Co., Limited) ex- hibited suction and delivery hoses, packings, and rubber gloves and balls. Their "Anchor Brand" suction hose is this firm's specialty and has attracted much attention in the market. Award : Diploma of the first order. Exhibits were made likewise by the Ida Shoten, of general rubber goods ; the Kamijo Shoten, balloons and caster rollers ; K. Furukawa, rubber balls ; Nomoto Kojo, bicycle tires, soles, and hose pipes. Fujikura Insulated Wire and Rubber Co. were exhibitors of rubber insulated wire of every description. Their display in- cluded some special wires which have been adapted b\ the army and by the navy of Japan. Such supplies until recently were all obtained abroad. But since the product of the Fujikura company has been adopted, their wires are being used exclusively. They have also been appointed makers of wires for the department of com- munication, being the only Japanese makers so approved. The department named is very particular in its wire specifications, there being very few manufacturers abroad whose product has been approved by it. Tokio. Japan, .\ugust 15, 1907. KENZO OKAD.A. [The Tokio exposition buildings were numerous, many on a large scale, and attractive architecturally ; as indicated by views of two of them on another page. These buildings were described as the "First Com- pound" and the "Second Compound" and designed for general prohibition purposes, besides which there were many buildings for specific classes of exhibits. Not the least interesting feature, from the Japanese viewpoint, w«§ the war equipment manufactured at home. — The Editcr.] D IDS were opened at Austin, Texas, on September 5, under ^ the law passed in that state in April last for the sale of the guayule shrubs on lands belonging to the state. It was required (i) that bids for guayule should be for the entire supply within the state: (2) that no raw guayule should be shipped outside, but must be manufactured into finished products within the state; and (3) that no bid would be accepted from any person who is "a party to or a member of any trust, monopoly, or combination in restraint of trade." Though not officially stated at last accounts, it is understood that the highest bidder was an attorney of San Antonio, Texas, representing the Big Bend Manufactur- ing Co., a corporation of Delaware, which on September S received a permit to do business in Texas. The bidder men- tioned said that his principals intended putting up a $200,000 factory near Eagle Pass. They estimated the total guayule shrub supply in the whole of the state of Texas at 180,000 to 200,000 tons. AT TORREON. Charles J. McGregor, who died at Torreon, Mexico, on August 13, aged about 35 years, was a native of Geneva, Ohio, where his remains were sent. He settled in Mexico some ten years ago, practically without capital, and acquired a fortune, partially through the guayule interest. He started a guayule rubber factory at Torreon, which got into operation in May, 1906, after which time it was at work day and night. The Indi.\ Rubber World is informed that McGregor left his estate in good shape and that the operation of the factory is being continued. The law making Torreon a city became effective on September 16, which event was the occasion of the greatest celebration ever seen in that place. The program for the day formed part of the usual celebration of that date, which was the anniversary of the declaration of Mexican independence. The progress of Torreon has been very rapid of late, being contributed to not a little by the development of the guayule rubber interest there. Guayule is now the largest item of export from Torreon. The value of guayule shipped during July was $468,050.97 (Mex.), and during .August $532,481.71. Just before starting for the United States on his summer vacation, J. A. Whitcomb, superintendent of the guayule factory of the Continental Rubber Co. at Torreon, was tendered an enter- tainment at the clubhouse maintained by and for the employes, that was largely attended from Torreon and a number of neigh- boring places. The finest orchestra in northern Mexico was secured, and a special train on the Mexican International railway chartered. >.ma,i^1ti A Huge Japanese Made Cannon at the Exhibition. 22 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1907. WORK OF THE PARA RECOVERY CO. THE fact that the Para Recovery Co. have booked orders for something like 1,000 tons of their Mexican Yucatan rub- ber and that the New York Commercial Co. have taken over the selling agency of the product, makes the proposition one that is of definite interest to the trade. The company have a factory situated at Bayonne, New Jersey, and are operating under secret processes invented by Mr. George E. Heyl-Dia. The fact that the processes are secret, of course, places an embargo upon visitors. The Indw Rubber World, however, is able to give the trade a look into the washing, mixing, and drying rooms, through views which the company were good enough to furnish. From these photographs one learns that there are something like 7 to 10 paper engines in use for washing, 8 large mix- ■ » ^ ^^^^Bv .^^^B^^^^^^^^C *^ - - ^^^F^ -SHUIB ■-^ few^aa^att,.^ Par.\ REC0\'ERy Co.'s Pl.\nt — Front View. ing mills, and 9 vacuum driers of the largest size. In addition to this, more machinery has been ordered, practically duplicating the present plant. When Mr. Heyl-Dia showed the writer that he could take a hard slab of material looking like a piece of board and convert it into an elastic mass before his own eyes, there appeared to be in sight a new field of development in the chemical treatment of non-rubber or part-rubber gums. While the products turned out by Heyl-Dia earlier contained as a basis balata, which he con- verted only partly into rubber, it remained a secret how this was done, and the opinion prevailed that Mr. Heyl-Dia's claim to have produced rubber synthetically was not correct. The process used is of course a secret, but Mr. Heyl-Dia has patent applications partly granted, so that he is now in a position to make public and lay claim to the scientific part of the process *^>V^^ K ' H' referred to. by which non-rubber hydrocarbons are changed into rubber. It is well known that the terpenes, of which there are many, have chemically the same formula [Co Hie] or the same mole- cules of carbon and hydrogen as rubber. They are, however, differently bonded by nature, so that their physical appearance and qualities differ. Heyl-Dia found that Venetian turpentine and balata, combined under certain conditions, formed a new compound, identical with rubber, chemically and physically. This fact is as novel as it is interesting generally, as it proves that a rearrangement of molecules of two or more entirely different substances physically produces a new chemical compound. This rearrangement, however, affects the components of balata only in P.\R.\ Reco\ij{y Co.'s Mixing Room. part, and the problem remained to force the balance of non- rubber hydrocarbons to yield to treatment. A long series of experiments, not yet completed, on account of the newness and vastness of the field, have been carried on, and Mr. Heyl-Dia and his assistants have occupied their time in looking into the composition of certain low grade rubbers, the commercial value of which is lower than of balata. His attention was drawn to the guav-ule product, which he investi- gated for the Madero interests in Mexico, and he found that guayule contained a considerable quantity of terpenes, which, Para Recovery Co.'s Washing Room. Para Recovery Co.'s Drying Room. October i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 23 according to his previous investigations, might be converted into rubber. The result is the patented process of converting guayule into what he calls "Mexican Yucatan." The patents and processes were transferred by Mr. Heyl-Dia to the Para Recovery Co., of which he has taken charge. The output of Mexican Yucatan five months ago was about 800 pounds per day. The output a month ago was six times greater, and one firm alone took 100,000 pounds. From the results ob- tained commercially during this short period, Mr. Heyl-Dia be- lives that this product will continue to be appreciated by the rubber trade. This development of the treatment of crude rubbers is a basic one and, as far as known to Mr. Heyl-Dia, the first attempt at producing a process rubber, accompanied by success. The product has a tensile strength of 30 per cent, above guayule, and is, com- paratively speaking, the cheapest crude rubber in the market, comparing it with other medium grades. It is understood that the conversion of other crude rubbers into more valuable products is taking shape, and there is a promise of developments in this branch that will open a new area in the preparation of crude rubbers. G & J TIRE CO. LOSE A SUIT. A TIRE patent decision of more than usual interest was ren- dered during the month, being the first that has been recorded in the suits for infringement brought by The G & J Tire Co., owners of the patents on tires of the Clincher type in America. It will be remembered that when the manufacture of these tires was begun in England by the American company, under patents granted to them abroad, the British courts were appealed to successfully to restrain such manufacture, on the ground that it infringed the patents of William Erskine Bartlett. The fight was a bitter one, and long drawn out, the final de- cision being rendered by the House of Lords. Similarly the efforts of the English manufacturers to introduce the Bartlett clincher tires into the United States were met by the G & J people with infringement suits which they won. " For several years past the G & J patents have been respected by most of the American tire manufacturers, and suits have been pending against those makers who declined to pay royalties. The suit just decided was that of "The GormuUy & Jeffery Tire Co. vs. The Pennsylvania Rubber Co.," filed in May, 1905, in the United States circuit court for the western district of Pennsyl- vania. The decision was rendered by Judge Joseph Buffington at Pittsburgh, on September 9. The suit charged infringement, in the manufacture of automo- bile tires, of four patents issued to Thomas B. Jeffery, and now owned by the plaintiff company, as follows : No. 454,115, issued July 16, 1891. No. 466,565, issued January 5, 1892. No. 523,314, issued July 17, 1894. No. 558,956, issued April 28, 1896. The respondent contended that the patents were invalid and denied infringement, and, after a lengthy review of the various claims alleged to be infringed, the court holds "that no infringe- ment of any of the patents is shown." The bill of complaint, therefore, was dismissed. The G & J Tire Co. have filed an appeal, which they hope will be argued this fall, with the prospect of a decision early in the spring. Judge Buffington points out that all the patents here involved antedated the automobile art and contemplated use on bicycles. A pneumatic tire for vehicles embodies an inner inflatable tube, protected by a flexible sheath. The four patents all concern the engagement of such external sheath to the rim of the vehicle wheel. Taking up the first patent, the court discussed the word- ing of the claims regarding the hooked edges of the tire sheath and the corresponding hooks in the rim, reaching the conclusion that "if the disclosure of that patent comprised all the instruction the tire maker of to-day, it is evident the art would not teach the method followed by both respondent and complainant in the manufacture of a modern automobile tire." The court is unable to construe this Jeffery patent, with its specific form of hook connection, so as to make it cover respondent's device. Not only does the latter differ from the description in the patent, but even the complainant has departed from the original hooked engagement, and follows the same method as the defendant. It is stated — not in the decision of course — that during the taking of testimony in behalf of the Pennsylvania Rubber Co., an automobile tire was shown, made exactly in accordance with the specifications of the G & J patent No. 44,115. The re- spondent claimed that such a tire would not be practical; that it could only be mounted on or dismounted from the rim by a skilled mechanic. This contention was demonstrated, it is said, when it was found to be practically impossible to engage the beads of the tire with the hooks of the rim, on account of the shape of the latter. In a statement emanating from the plaintiff's side since the decision was filed, it is intimated that to hold that the defendants do not infringe, means that neither the owners of the patent nor its licensees since the grant of the patents have ever manu- factured the structure called for by the patents, because the clincher tire of the defendant is precisely the same as that which has been continuously manufactured by the G & J company and all its licensees. * * * The suit brought by The G & J Tire Co. against the Michelin company was commenced by filing bill of complaint in the United States circuit court in the southern district of New York on . September 21, 1904. The patents involved are the four mentioned in the preceding article and also No. 466,789, issued to Thomas B. Jeffery, on January 12, 1892, and No. 493,160, issued to W. Golding, March 7, 1893. "RECORD SHIPMENT OF RUBBER." UNDER the above heading Tlie Times of Ceylon, of Colombo, dated June 28 last, reported: "The Gutenfels, which left to-day for New York, took over 200 cases of rubber. Of this, Messrs. Crosfield, Lampard & Co. have alone shipped 190 cases." This corresponds to an item in the reports of rubber arrivals at New York in The India Rubber World of September i (page 391), the steamer mentioned belonging to the Hansa Line, of Bremen, trading regularly between New York, Calcutta, and Colombo : Aug. 12. — By the Gutenfcls^Co\oYaho'. A. T. Mcrse & Co. •22,500 *Denotes Plantation Rubber. This is not the first time that the same connection has been traced between shipments of rubber from the Far East, for such shipments are now becoming frequent. In the English rubber trade it has been possible for two or three years past to trace the shipment of large quantities of rubber, not merely from some forwarding house in the East, but from the plantations. For example, in the reported results of a recent London auction men- tion was made of 91 distinct lots of plantation rubber, with marks to indicate it as the product of 49 different plantations, the price realized in each case being given. It would be possible for one interested to go still further and trace a particular lot of rubber from the producer to the factory consuming it. Acme Belting Co. (Phillipsburg, N. J.) were incorporated in March, 1907, under the laws of New Jersey, to manufacture cotton belting, fire hose, cordage, etc., with $100,000 capital authorized. Two of the incorporators are Charles H. Halton, president, and Philip S. Dyer, secretary and treasurer of the American Horse Shoe Co., of Phillipsburg. 24 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1907. The Putumayo-Caqueta Rubber Concession. THE references in recent numbers of The India Rubber World to the Amazon Colombian Rubber and Trading Co., and its concession in the regions of the Putumayo and Caqueta rivers, have elicited some correspondence between representatives of the two governments most closely interested. The questions at interest are best defined, perhaps, in two letters to the editor of the New York Times, which appeared in two issues of that newspaper during the past month. The two letters are reproduced below, together with tlie headings under which they originally appeared. [from the new YORK TIMES.] RUBBER CONCESSION DISPUTED. Land of Concessionaires Claimed by Peru as Well as Colombia. To THE Editor of The New York Times: I have read in The India Rubber World, edition of May i, 1907, an article entitled "To Exploit Colombian Rubber," wherein it is stated that the Amazon Colombian Rubber and Trading Co. has filed articles of incorporation, with an authorized capital of $7,500,000, and that the object of said corporation is to acquire and work rubber and timber resources controlled under a concession from the Republic of Colombia — an estimated area of 47,000 square miles, bounded in general by the Putumayo and Caqueta rivers, the waters of both of which reach the Amazon — which concession carries the exclusive rights of exploitation until 1930 and the right to acquire 80,000 hectares (197,680 acres) in fee simple anywhere within the limits of the concession. I have also read in the same periodical, edition of September i, 1907, another article, entitled "A Colombian Rubber Merchant," wherein a reference is made to a letter of mine addressed to the editor of The India Rubber World, in regard to which the said editor mentions that my government considers part of the lands covered by the concession to be comprised in that territory which is disputed between Colombia and Peru. As most of these statements are quite misleading, and may be misapprehended, permit me to make public through your valued paper that the government of Peru, through its legation at Wash- ington, has informed the Amazon Colombian Rubber and Trading Co. that the Peruvian government regards said concession as invalid inasmuch as it refers to a territory which is in dispute between Peru and Colombia, said dispute being now pending before an international court of arbitration ; that the Peruvian government has been and is in actual possession of said territory, maintaining custom houses and collecting taxes ; and that the territory is furthermore subject to a modus vivcndi made some years ago between the government of Peru and Colombia, which provides that neither power should alter or disturb the status quo until the dispute between them as to the sovereignty of said region should be definitely settled. I beg to also mention that my government has given notice to the department of state of the United States of the aforesaid communication made by it to said Amazon Colombian Rubber and Trading Co. eduardo hicwnson. New York, September 6, 1907. Consul General of Peru. [from the new YORK TIMES.] THAT RUBBER CONCESSION. Statement of the Colombian Charge In Regard to Peruvian Claims. The following from the legation of the government of Co- lombia in Washington, D. C, has been communicated to the editor of The Times in regard to a recently published letter from Eduardo Higginson, consul general of Peru, in which that gentle- man attacks the validity of the concession granted by the govern- ment of Colombia to Messrs. Cano, Cuello & Co. : To the Editor of the New York Times : This legation is not aware that the government of Colombia has received any protest from Peru against the concession alluded to. Such protest should have been made jointly with that which Mr. Higginson asserts was made known both to the department of state of the United States of America and to the Amazon Colombian Rubber and Trading Co., by means of the Peruvian legation in Washington. The modus vivendi between Colombia and Peru in regard to arbitration was signed in July, 1906, that is to say, one year and a half after the government of Colombia had granted the con- cession to Cano, Cuello & Co. (January, 1905), for the ex- ploitation of a portion of the upper Putumayo territory, territory that Colombia claims and has always recognized as her own; consequently there is no foundation for the assertion made by the consul general of Peru that Colombia failed to maintain the status quo by granting said concession, which, as stated, was of prior date to the modus vivendi. Inspired by the highest regards for all America, and to cut short all dispute with Peru, Colombia agreed to submit to an arbitration tribunal the question of Peru's pretensions to rights on the Putumayo ; and even in case the result were favorable to Peru, that country would have to respect rights acquired by individuals and granted in good faith by Colombia. I have made a report of this incident to my government, and especially of the statement of the Peruvian consul general that Peru is maintaining customs houses and collecting taxes in the disputed territory, since under the terms of the status quo invoked by the said consul general, the two nations, Colombia and Peru, agreed to withdraw all the officials and military force that they had there until the decision of the abitrators. I consider, therefore, that there is no reason whatsoever why this incident, which to my mind is of no importance, should cause any apprehension or lack of confidence on the part of the stock- holders or others interested in the exploitation of the territory granted by Colombia to Cafio, Cuello & Co. j. m. pasos. Charge d'AfFaires ad interim. Legation of Colombia, Washington, D. C, September 19, 1907. W13 MARKING RUBBER FOOTWEAR. VENN'S Perfection Shoe Marker, which is in such general use in rubber shoe factories for marking soles with sizes and widths — which work may be done while the shoes are on the lasts or afterward — has been illustrated and described in various issues of The India Rubber World. The device is now referred to for the pur- pose of mentioning a modification of it which permits the use of much larger figures and letters than formerly, especially for marking heavy boots and shoes or coarse soling. The size of the letters is shown here. These figures and letters are made of solid rubber and are fastened to the machine by a device that is warranted to hold until figures and letters are worn out. The marking paste is deposited on the surface of the figures by motion of the thumb, the same as on all other Venn markers. Mr. Venn is making standard markers which stamp shoes with both American and French sizes at one operation, if desired. The superintendent of one of the largest rubber shoe factories writes that these markers have been in satisfactory use in his factory for eighteen years, and adds : "We have never heard of any machine better, or even as good." [Frank Venn, P. O. box 76, Maiden, Massachusetts.] October i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 25 News of the American Rubber Trade. AJAX-GRIEB RUBBER CO.S ANNUAL. THE annual meeting of shareholders of the Ajax-Grieb Rub- ber Co. was held at Trenton, New Jersey, on September 3, when formal approval was given to plans which have been prepared for extensive new buildings, which will add about 7S,ooo square feet to their factory floor space. The plans call for a three-story brick main building, with extensions ; the reported cost is $80,000, and it is intended to be the finest factory in Tren- ton. The location is on the west side of Olden street, the present plant being on the east side. The officers were reelected : Horace De Lisser, president; William G. Grieb, vice president; Harry Grieb, secretary and treasurer. The merger of the Ajax and Grieb rubber companies dates from September 10, 1906, and the results are declared to have been in every way satisfactory. NEW BUILDING AT COLLEGE POINT. The Traun Rubber Co. {New York) are enlarging their fac- tory at College Point by the addition of a four-story building, to be devoted to the manufacture of some of their rubber special- ties. The new factory will also be equipped for making gutta- percha tissue. The company have been very busy throughout the past summer. Mr. William Schrader, treasurer of the com- pany, lately returned from a three months' vacation in Europe. He reports the business outlook very bright in Germany, where all the manufacturers are very busy. A NEW TILING CONCESN. The National Metal Back Rubber Tiling Co., of Philadelphia, have begun the manufacture, at Trenton, of their patented tiling, for which purpose they have leased from Philip McGrory. with the option of purchase, the factory at Beaks and May streets, occupied formerly by the Dyson Rubber Co. The Dyson com- pany was incorporated in 1903, and their plant was purchased about a year ago by Mr. McGrory, who has considerably im- proved and enlarged it. The National Metal Back Rubber Tiling Co. are capitalized at $500,000. C. Edward Hyke is the factory manager. NEW SUBSTITUTE FACTORY. Robert E. Tvson, of Bridgeport, Connecticut, mentioned last month as establishing a factory at Fairfield for making substitutes, advises The India Rubber World that the factory is about com- pleted and the machinery installed. He has associated with him as superintendent L. C. Bullock, formerly with the Stamford Rubber Supply Co., who has had a long experience in the rubber and substitute business. RUBBEH. INDUSTRY IN NEW JERSEY. The forthcoming annual report of the bureau of statistics of New Jersey will show that during 1906 there were 38 rubber factories in that state (which is taken to include rubber reclaim- ing plants), representing $15,143,208 of capital. The average number of persons employed was 6,279, and the total of wages paid $3,075,239. The cost value of materials used is stated at $15,840,571, and the value of products $22,824,737. The latter figure compares with $20,210,024 for 1905. There were 2,562 male employes with weekly wages of $10 or more. SHOE FAIR IN CHICAGO. The second annual Shoe and Leather Market Fair held in Chicago at the Coliseum, from August 28 to September 4, was well patronized by the trade and the exhibits, covering about 33,- 400 square feet of floor space, were fairly representative of the interests to which the fair was devoted— boots and shoes and find- ings and all the grades of leather entering into footwear. The rubber shoe trade was represented both by manufacturers of foot- wear and by several houses marketing rubber heels. Displays were made by the Hood Rubber Co., Apsley Rubber Co., and the Beacon Falls Rubber Shoe Co., of their standard lines of boots and shoes. Displays of heels were made by Morgan & Wright, whose booth contained a pyramid of 5,000 heels ; by the Good- year Tire and Rubber Co., who showed a non-slip sole as well as heels; by the Foster Rubber Co., and the Springfield Elastic Tread Co. The rubber trade was further represented by Eugene Arnstein. of Chicago, with an exhibit of cements. NAUGATUCK, "THE RUBBER TOWN." A BOOKLET descriptive of Naugatuck, Connecticut, issued re- cently by the board of trade of that town, begins with a brief sketch of Charles Goodyear, whose inventions while a resident there caused Naugatuck to become widely known as "the rubber town." The rubber shoe industry ranks first among local manu- facturing interests, more shoes being made there than in any other town in the world, while a rubber reclaiming plant there is said to be the largest in existence. A variety of other rubber goods are made here, together with cotton fabrics for the rubber shoe trade, paper boxes used for packing rubber goods, and various manufactures of metals. The book includes views of the principal buildings, public and private, and altogether gives the impression that Naugatuck is an attractive town, as well as pros- perous. As might be expected, the local rubber men form a good percentage of the board of trade. MOTOR 'BUSES IN PHILADELPHIA. The Auto Transit Co. of Philadelphia have placed in com- mission on Broad and Diamond streets, in that city, twelve electric motor 'buses resembling the London type, and the vehi- cles lately introduced on the Fifth avenue. New York. [See The India Rubber World, August i, 1907 — page 355.] The Phila- delphia 'buses are being well patronized, and the company plans to increase the number before long to 50. DrVTDENDS DECLARED. The regular quarterly dividend of 1J4 per cent, on the pre- ferred shares of the Rubber Goods Manufacturing Co. was pay- able on September 16. The directors of the Waterbury Co. (of New Jersey) have de- clared the regular quarterly dividend of 2 per cent, on the pre- ferred stock and the regular quarterly dividend of 25^ per cent. on the common stock, payable October l. The directors of the Waterbury Co. (of West Virginia) have declared the regular quarterly dividend of i per cent., payable October i. The regular monthly dividend of i per cent, on the common stock of the American Chicle Co. was payable September 20, and an extra dividend of i per cent., making 13 per cent, for the year. The directors of the Consolidated Cotton Duck Co. declared the usual dividend of 3 per cent, upon the preferred stock, for the six months ended June 30, 1907, payable on October I. RUBBER MAN IN A RAILWAY WRECK. The New York World's report of the accident on the Boston and Maine railroad at West Canaan, New Hampshire, on Sep- tember 15, in which 32 persons lost their lives, contains this paragraph : "Among the passengers was a young man in an undershirt and trousers, grimed from head to foot and very quiet. He was Talman H. Rieder, secretary and manager of the Merchants' Rubber Co., of Berlin, Ontario. He had done his part in the awful work of the dawn. One of the first out of the sleeper, he was abreast of the trainmen into the wreck, and as long as one living person had a chance of rescue he was in the front of the work, chopping and sawing, prying and helping until no more could be done- for the living." 26 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1907. NEW INCOEPORATIONS. Pneu L'Electric Co., July 26, 1907, under the laws of New- York ; capital $200,000. The company are the American branch of the Societe Industrielle des Telephones, of France, capitalized at 18,000,000 francs [=$3,474,000], and largely engaged in making the "Electric" automobile tires, as well as the electrical insulation work in which they have so long been prominent. The American company will confine its attention to tires. Office : No. 1610 Broadway, New York. Eureka Tire Compound Co., August 12, 1907, under the laws of Michigan ; capital $20,000. Incorporators : John Walters, Charles F. Murphy, and John J. Gafill, Jr. Offices: No. 29 At- water street. East, Detroit, Michigan. The company report : "We do not exploit any particular type of tire ; all we do is replacing air in pneumatic tires with a compound that has met with good success." The Springfield Tire and Rubber Co., May 8, 1907, under the laws of Ohio ; capital $50,000. Incorporators : H. L. Slager, D. K. Gotwald, W. H. Smith, J. W. Garnier, Eugene Gamier, A. W. Staley, and W. W.. Ellsworth. This company succeeds a West Virginia corporation under the same name formed in 1903, and since operating a factory at Springfield, Ohio. The India Rubber World is informed : "There has been no change in our business, other than having the incorporation papers transferred from West Virginia to Ohio. This was done to save paying double taxes." California Antioak Tire and Motor Co., June 14, 1907, under the laws of California ; capital $100,000. J. F. Weaver, president ; Cory Hale, vice president; Milo H. Smith, secretary and general manager. The company has the rights in California for the Anti- oak leather tire and maintains offices and a garage at Los Angeles. Safety Rubber Heel Co. has been incorporated under the laws of California, with $25,000 capital, by F. B. Turpin, F. M. Wright, and C. I. Howe. The purpose is to make a non-slippable rubber heel, under United States patent No. 839,886, issued to Elbert G. Per- kins, of Vallejo, Cal. The office of the new company is 925 Monadnock building, San Francisco ; F. B. Tur- pin is secretary and treasurer. The Multiplex Tube and Tire Co., July 24, 1907, under the laws of New Jersey; capital authorized, $1,000,000. Incorporators: Horace W. Gallaer, J, George Lotz, Fred- erick H. Hippie, and Kenneth K. McLaren. Registered office in New Jersey: No. 15 Exchange place, Jersey City. The Newark Compressed-Air House Cleaning Co., July 25, 1907, under the laws of New Jersey ; cap- ital, $25,000. Incorporators : Wil- liam F. Conway, Patrick J. McDer- mott, and James Conway, all of Newark, N. J. Empire State Tire Co., August 8. 1907, under the laws of New York ; capital $20,000. Incorporators : Wil- liam F. McClurg, A. McClurg, and Sylvanus B. Nye. Sole state agents for New York state of the Lemon Greenwald patents for extensible tread pneumatic tires and puncture proof tire protectors. W. F. Mc- Clurg is secretary and treasurer, at 75 Erie County Bank building, Buf- falo, N. Y. The Greenwald tire features were illustrated in The India Rubber World, July i, 1907 (page 313). Howard-Ramie Fibre Manufacturing Co., June 20, 1907, under the laws of New York; capital $1,000,000. To manufacture fire hose and other articles from ramie fiber, and to utilize the gum recovered from the fiber as a substitute for rubber. Harry H. Howald-Howard, president ; Edward C. Best, vice president and secretary; Adolph Hilderbrandt, treasurer. Office, No. 19 Park place, New York. The president of this company is also presi- dent and manager of the Howard Chemical Co., of New York. Whelpley Rubber Works, Chicago, August 23, 1907, under the Illinois laws; capital $500; to sell tires and rubber goods. Incorporators : George W. Yeoman, Richard T. Whelpley, W. E. Schroeder. TRADE NEWS NOTES. The Peerless Rubber Manufacturing Co. (New York) an- nounce the change of address of their agency at Buffalo, N. Y., from Nos. 43-45 Pearl street, to Nos. 379-383 Washington street. The Fairfield Rubber Co. (Fairfield, Connecticut) report busi- ness quite active for the whole year past. The company have been putting in a patented stoker at their plant, to the marked satisfaction of their neighbors as well, since it avoids spreading black smoke from the factory chimneys. All the employes of the company were recently guests of President Harral at a clam- bake and outing, which v.-as immensely enjoyed. The Goodyear"s India Rubber Glove Manufacturing Co. (Naugatuck, Connecticut) are reported to have completed lately an order for over 100,000 army blankets, and at present large orders are being received for automobile horn bulbs. The Standard Underground Cable Co. (Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- vania) have located their Pacific coast headquarters permanently at 511 Shreve building, San Francisco, under the management of A. B. Saurman. The company's new factory at Oakland, Cali- fornia, is four times as large as the factory destroyed by fire in April of last year. Shareholders of La Xueva Providencia Rubber Co. [See report in The India Rubber World, September i, 1907 — page 388.) [Those standing, counting from left to right, are Messrs. Carside, Wa'jin, Atwood. Kurze. Hazard. Whitmarsh, Paris, Goff, and Johnson. Those seated are Messrs. Spencer, Holmes, Gardner, Leo F. Nadeau, Cnxe, and Nadeau, Sr. The Guatemalan flag is suspended above the group.] October i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 27 A NEW CHICLE COMPANY. The Case Chicle Co. was incorporated July 25, 1907, under the laws of New York ; capital, $100,000, fully paid. Incorporators : B. K. Peebles, Chicago; C. H. Stewart, Rochester, N. Y. ; E. D. Halsey and L. L. Beach, Pittsburgh. The company is successor to a corporation of the same name, registered in New York April 7, 1905, having purchased its rights, franchises, etc., at private sale. Case Chicle Co. have their trade marks copyrighted, and their vending machines patented, and manufacture their chewing gum under a secret but not patented formula. They have no connection with the American Chicle Co., Factory and office: Nos. 8-1 1 Lundy's lane, Rochester, N. Y. GOOD BUSINESS IN RAILWAY AIK BRAKES. The directors of the Westinghouse Air Brake Co. have recom- mended an increase in the capital stock from $11,000,000 to $14,000,000, and the payment of a 25 per cent, stock dividend from the increase, to be voted on by the stockholders at the annual meeting on October i. The company's gross sales for the year ended July 31, 1907, amounted to $11,230,410, against $9,744,984 in the year before. Applied to dividends, $2,475,000, against $2,200,295 in 1905-06. The total amount available for dividends was equal to 35 per cent, on the capital stock; the dividends declared amounted to 20 per cent. WEDDINGS ON A RUBBER MANS YACHT. The schooner rigged yacht Whim, owned by Mr. Charles H. Dale, president of the Rubber Goods Manufacturing Co., is shown in an accompanying illustration. The boat is 100 feet in length over all, and 70 feet on the water line. It has a large cabin, four i Mr. C. H. D.\le's Yacht "Whim." large staterooms, and two baths. It has a 100 HP. gasoline en- gine and develops a speed of 10 miles an hour; the boat is also a fast sailer under canvas. Not a little romantic interest has attached of late to the Il'liim. on account of the celebration on it of two marriages, reports of which have appeared in the newspapers. The first occurred in August, ofif Block Island, when Miss .^nna Seabury, of Montclair, New Jersey, who to that time had been private secretary to Mr. Dale, and Dr. P. D. Saylor, of New York, were married. Later, at Larchmont, Mr. Harris B, Senn, an employe of the Peerless Rubber Manufacturing Co. (of which Mr. Dale is also presi- dent), and Miss Minnie Kaesche, daughter of a New Yorker having a summer home at Larchmont, were married. Mr. and Mrs. Dale were present at both ceremonies. THE FOOTWEAR TRADE IN CANADA. The factory of the Berlin Rubber Manufacturing Co., Limited, at Berlin, Ontario, has been closed. This company was or- ganized in 1899 and has been engaged principally in making rubber footwear. In February last it passed under the control of the Canadian Consolidated Rubber Co., Limited. The Berlin company brands will continue to be marketed, but will be made at the factory of the Merchants' Rubber Co., Limited, also in Berlin and controlled by the Canadian Consolidated. Jacob Kaufman has resigned the presidency of the Merchants' Rubber Co., Limited, which he helped to organize in 1903, after having been president of the Berlin Rubber Manufacturing Co. from its beginning. Mr. Kaufman is reported to be intending to establish a new rubber factory at Berlin, under the style Kauf- man Rubber Co. UNITED STATES RUBBER CO. A PUBLISHED interview with an official of this company states: "Our company is doing an excellent business, and there are suffi- cient orders on our books, and those of our subsidiary com- panies, to keep the various plants running through the remainder of the current year at least; that is, through December, as our sales year commences January i. Since the commencement of the new fiscal year, on April i, the volume of business transacted is some millions of dollars ahead of the corresponding period of last year. The increase is due to greater operations in our various branches, including the tire and other departments." BUSINESS TROUBLES. The Grand Rapids Felt Boot Co. (Grand Rapids, Michigan) lately applied for a receiver, at which time the creditors were informed that this step was made necessary by the absorption of the ready money of the company in constructing a large factory building to an extent that had been found to embarrass its operations. But a number of orders at profitable prices stood on their books, and it was thought that the factory can be kept running. The company states that at a fair valuation of their assets they are perfectly solvent. The Michigan Trust Co. were appointed temporary receivers, and later the appoint- ment was made permanent. The principal creditors are two Grand Rapids banks and two crude rubber importing firms. The firm of Goldberg & Rathman, prominent in the Boston waste rubber trade, at Nos. 289-293 Commercial street, have made an assignment to Samuel K. Casson, with liabilities re- ported at $150,000, and available assets uncertain in extent, but probably not exceeding $25,000. The partnership existing be- tween Isaac Goldberg and Alfred H. Rathman was dissolved in April last, the business continuing under the old name, with Mr. Rathman at the head. A RUBBER SHOE FACTORY CLOSED. The Globe Mills Rubber Co. (Lawrence, Massachusetts) have ceased operations, and the machinery and raw material in stock have been sold to W. C. Coleman Co., who are removing the same to make room for a woolen mill. The Globe Mills Rubber Co. w-as incorporated early in 1905, organized with Loring M. Monk president, and engaged in the making of rubber foot- wear. Work was continued until during the past summer. TRADE NEWS NOTES. The New York offices of the American Congo Co. have been removed from No. 35 Nassau street to No. in Broadway, the headquarters of the Continental Rubber Co. The offices in Brussels are at 5.\, Rue du Congres. Justus D. Anderson has resigned the presidency of The G & J Tire Co. (Indianapolis, Indiana), in order to be able to devote himself more closely to the affairs of the Hartford Rubber Works Co., of which he is also president. B. C. Dowse has been elected president of the G & J company. The latter company has established a branch at Buffalo, New York, at No. 912 Main street, in charge of Frank Berrodin. Traver Blowout Patch Co. (No. 1265 Broadway, New York), whose tire repairing device was described in The India Rubber World June I, 1907 (page 276) have established distributing agencies in several American cities and in Paris, France. 28 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1907. POPE MANUFACTURING CO.'S AFFAIRS. During the past month the creditors of the Pope Manufac- turing Co., the assignment of which was reported in our issue of September i (page 386), have been busy investigating the con- dition of the company, with that of the subsidiary, The Pope Motor Car Co., with results thus far satisfactory. A committee of creditors has been formed, under the chairmanship of George A. Yule, of the Badger Brass Manufacturing Co., of Kenosha, Wisconsin. Meetings have been held in Chicago and elsewhere, and it is reported that, after conferences with Mr. Albert L. Pope, receiver for the two companies named, an agreement has been reached to the effect that the business is to be continued and that no action is to be taken by the creditors before November i, if at all. The committee had the idea at first of securing the appoint- ment of co-receivers to work with Mr. Pope, but were convinced by that gentleman that such action might be inadvisable. Should the committee, by November i, favor the appointment of co- receivers, it is understood that Mr. Pope will not oppose their appointment. The business of the companies is being conducted at an apparent profit. A list of the creditors with claims amount- ing to $1,000 or more includes Continental Rubber Works, $2,- 677.19; The Fisk Rubber Co., $i,sS7-88; The G & J Tire Co., $5,768.31; Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., $1,296.51; The Hart- ford Rubber Works Co., $10,092.88; total, for five rubber com- panies, $21,332.77. A LITTLE SWINDLE IN RUBBER. An important concern in the rubber trade in New York has received letters from some of the Southern states, the writers of which have purchased from traveling agents the right to sell, within specified territory, certain patented rubber goods, on representation that the goods were made by the New York house referred to. The procedure has been to sell for $200 per county the "rights" under United States patent No. 4^6,042, issued April 22, 1890, to Charles Mudford, of Texarkana, Texas, for "Pads for the backs of horses." This patent seems to have been disposed of to one Josh Kirby, who in July, 1906, appointed W. C. Nicholson and W. M. Longley his "sole agents and attorneys." It is the latter or their representatives, who have been selling "county rights" under the patent. After paying their money the purchasers of such rights seem to have lost sight of the vendors. The patent above mentioned expired on April 22, 1907. The representations with regard to any goods made under it were in every way fraudulent. The peripatetic agents at times made use of a printed circular of the "Southern Pneumatic Rubber Co., manufacturers of collars, pads, mattresses, and buggy cushions. Box 283, Little Rock, Arkansas." A letter sent to this address by The India Rubber World could not be delivered. TRADE NEWS NOTES. L. E. Waterman Co. (New York) are represented in the Manufactures and Liberal Arts building at the Jamestown ex- position, where they have a booth in which the manufacture of their fountain pens is carried on in full view of the public. Southern Rubber Works, No. 146 Jefiferson avenue, Memphis, Tennessee, are running a pneumatic tire repair shop and are agents for the Firestone automobile tires. E. Kingdom & Co., of Manaos, Brazil, are successors to Reeks & Aslett in the crude rubber trade in that city, and are repre- sented in New York by Edmund Reeks & Co., No. 117 Pearl street. Mr. Thomas Mcllroy, Jr., manager of the Gandy Belting Co. (Baltimore, Maryland), was a passenger on a steamer which sailed on September 12 from Seattle, Wasliington, for the Orient. The state charter board of Kansas has granted a charter to The Great Western Rubber Co., at Olathc, mention of which was made in Thf. India Rubber World of September i (page 386). The company is capitalized at $200,000, and among the purposes named in the charter is reclaiming rubber by a new process. TRADE NEWS NOTES. The Stamford Rubber Supply Co., manufacturers of rubber substitutes, at Stamford, Connecticut, have filed with the authori- ties of that state a certificate of increase of capital, from 100 shares of common stock to 200 of preferred and 300 of common, makmg a total of $50,000, par value. The purpose is to cover the cost of the up to date plant which the company were mentioned as intending to build, in The India Rubber World of Septem- ber I (page 387). At the annual meeting of the shareholders of The Sweet Tire and Rubber Co. (Batavia, New York), held on August 21, the board of directors was leelected, as follows: Messrs. J. H. Ward, A. W. Caney, Lewis Benedict, A. A. Smith, and G. E. Perrin. The directors after organization reelected the officers, as follows : John H. Ward, president; Ashton W. Caney, vice president; George E. Perrin, secretary and treasurer. At the annual meeting of the Flexible Tire Co. (Springfield, Massachusetts), on August 26, the officers were reelected: William G. Marr, president; Dr. James P. Hillard, secretary; and Richard J. Talbot, treasurer. The company was incorporated May 15, 1906, to manufacture an automobile wheel having a sec- tional rubber tread and an inner metal rim containing sockets and sliding spokes or pistons, combined with which is a system of springs at the outer end of the spokes. Mr. Eben H. Paine, whose going to London as resident director there of the United States Rubber Co. was mentioned in The India Rubber World July i, 1907 (page 321), appears not to have had an opportunity thus far to get settled in the British metropolis, judging from reports which reach his friends at home of his visits to Barcelona, Athens, and Constantinople, not to mention interior trade centers on the Continent. When last heard from Mr. Paine was leaving for London on another busi- ness tour, to consume five weeks, from which he has not yet returned. Tlie Chicago Rubber Shoe Co. has filed with the secretary of state of Illinois a certificate of decrease of capital to a nominal amount, on account of the incorporation (March 15, 1907) of the Chicago Rubber Co., which is doing business at the same location — Nos. 153-159 Franklin street — with E. G. Stearns, presi- dent and treasurer of the first named company, sustaining the same relation to the new corporation. PERSONAL MENTION. Dr. William M. Habirshaw, of the India Rubber and Gutta Percha Insulating Co. (New York), whose departure for Europe we reported in June, has returned with his health fully recovered. Mr. Elston E. Wadbrook, of the Boston house of Poel & Arnold, returned early in the month from a brief vacation in England. Major J. Orton Kerbey, for some years United States consul at Para, where he made a special study of rubber interests, on ivhich he has written at length in consular reports and in the columns of The India Rubber World, has accepted a position m the offices of the International Bureau of the American Repub- lics, at Washington. Major Kerbey has traveled extensively in the South American rubber regions, some of his observations on which are recorded in his book, "The Land of To-morrow." Mr. A. R. Duryee, of the Calmon Rublier Works at Hamburg, sent remembrances to his friends in America — where he lived formerly — from Ostseebad, at Dahme in Holstein, where his summer vacation was spent. At the annual golf tournament on the Lake Mohawk links, Ulster county. New York, the first prize was won by Augustus O. Bourn, Jr., of Bristol, Rhode Island— score 68; play 18 holes; contestants 16. The second prize was won by W. H. King, of Detroit — score 72. Mr. Ben T. Morrison, of L. C. Chase & Co. (Boston), and Mrs. Morrison spent the latter part of the summer visiting London and the principal continental cities. October I, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 29 UNITED STATES EUBBEH CO.'S ISSUES. New York Stock Exchange transactions for four weeks ending on the dates given herewith : Common Stock. Week Sept. 2 Sales 835 shares High 33 Low 29 Week Sept. 9 Sales 950 shares High 331/2 Low 31 Week Sept. 16 Sales 1300 shares High 32 Low 28j^ Week Sept. 23 Sales joo shares High 295^ Low 2g% For the year — High, s^'A, Feb. 16; Low, zjl/i, Aug. 13. First Preferred Stock. Week Sept. 2 Sales 1620 shares High 90^^ Low 86j4 Week Sept. 9 Sales 1313 shares High 93J4 Low 90'/; Week Sept. 16 Sales 1955 shares High 93^ Low 88^ Week Sept. 23 Sales 955 shares High 90^ Low 89^ For the year — High, 109^, Jan. 7; Low, 85, Aug. 20. Second Preferred Stock. Week Sept. 2 Sales 120 shares High 60 Low 59% Week Sept. g Sales 200 shares High SV/z Low 61 Week Sept. 16 Sales 100 shares High 61 Low 61 Week Sept. 23 Sales 550 shares High 6iJ4 Low 61 For the year — High, 78".^, Jan. 7; Low, 60, Aug. 15. NEW ALLING EUBBEH STORES. The Ailing Rubber Company, incorporated September 3, 1907, under the laws of Maine, with $25,000 capital paid in, has been formed to operate a store at Wor- cester, Massachusetts (the headquarters of the company), and the Ailing rubber stores already open at Norwich and New London, Connecticut. The officers are Wilber S. Ailing, of Norwich, president ; Charles H. Adams, of Worcester, secre- tary, and Ward T. Ailing, of New London, treasurer. The Ailing rubber stores syndicate now conduct ten or more stores in different towns in Connecticut and Massachusetts. TRADE NEWS NOTES. The Aluminum Flake Co. (Akron, Ohio) are reported to have contracted with a single rubber manufacturing concern to deliver a minimum of 44,400 pounds of their product each month for fifteen months, or a total of 532,800 pounds during the period named. W. D. Allen Manufacturing Company (Chicago) are already at work upon lawn sprinklers for next season, and have designed some new types. Orders for garden hose are solicited in August and September of every year tor the following season, and jobbers begin to place orders for sprinklers at the same time. A newspaper report of the incorporation of the Thompson- Adams Rubber Co., in Philadelphia, was an error. The com- pany referred to is the Thompson-Adams Leather Co. THE RUBBER TRADE AT AKRON. BY A RESIDENT CORRESPONDENT. THE leading rubber manufacturers of Akron were extensive exhibitors at the Implement, Vehicle and Harness show held in Cincinnati the last week in September. The Goodrich and Diamond companies made the largest exhibits, and the Firestone company had a splendid representation. The National Carriage Dealers' show which is to open in the Grand Central Palace, New York, on October 7, will also have extensive exhibits by Akron manufacturers. Convinced that the demand for automobile tires is to increase steadily, Thomas L. Childs, an Akron promoter, is engaged in organizing a company for the manufacture of automobile tires alone. He says that his plans are not yet in shape for a more definite announcement. The Diamond Rubber Co. are just completing the largest factory building in the city of Akron, and will occupy the new structure by November i. The building is to be used to aflford more room for the tire department, and also to accommodate the Marsh rim factory, which will be moved to Akron upon the completion of the structure. The building is six stories high and will add five acres to the company's present floor space. The Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. are contemplating the erection of a new factory building which will materially increase their capacity. The new building will be the second addition to the plant in the last few months, and, as now planned, will be equal in dimensions to the main building and three stories in height. A. H. Noah, treasurer of the Diamond Rubber Co., is spend- ing a month's vacation in Europe. A Boston newspaper says : "One of the handsomest speed launches in Marblehead harbor is the Florence II., launched this summer by her owner, Mr. A. H. Marks of Akron, Ohio, who is at the Ticknor cottage, Marblehead Neck. She is a splendid sea boat and has a speed of 21 knots." THE RUBBER TRADE IN SAN FRANCISCO. BY \ RESIDENT CORRESPONDENT. 'X'HE condition of the rubber goods market in this city during •*• the summer lias been quite different from the conditions in most other lines. The demand for rubber goods of all kinds has been exceptionally active, and all the houses in this branch seem to have done a good business. But other houses, particularly in the retail trade, have felt the effect of the depression in business caused by the street car strikes and other labor troubles. Of late a marked improvement in the general tone of business has been apparent, and merchants of all classes declare that the worst is over and are looking forward to a prosperous season's trade. It is hardly necessary to add that the rubber houses share this hope in a particular degree. During the absence of Mr. D'Arcy, head of the D'Arcy-Scott Co., dealers in tires and automobile supplies at No. 524 Golden Gate avenue, on an automobile transcontinental tour, his house had the assistance in the selling department of Mr. E. R. Kelly, who had come out from the East as an automobile salesman. While participating in an automobile race recently Mr. Kelly met with an accident, from which his death resulted on Sep- tember 16. During his stay in San Francisco Mr. Kelly had become generally known in the local tire trade, and no one was better liked than he. The Phoenix Rubber Co., who report a very satisfactory trade in all lines of rubber goods, have taken the Pacific coast agency for the tires of The Republic Rubber Co.. of Youngstown, Ohio. The manager of the W. D. Newerf Rubber Co. reports that the street car strike during the summer greatly increased the tire business. There were many business men who simply had to get about the city, and when they could not longer depend upon the street cars they used automobiles. This situation is believed to have encouraged the sale of automobiles to a great extent, and all of this helped the rubber tire houses in the end. Mr. R. H. Pease, of the Goodyear Rubber Co., on his return from Portland, says that business in Washington, Idaho, and Oregon is in fine condition. "It looks," he said, "as though we would have a better business than ever before on the Pacific coast, because the crops are larger than ever." Rubber Scrap Prices. New York prices — in cents per pound for carload lots — are practically unchanged : Old rubber boots and shoes — domestic II^^@I2 Old rubber boots and shoes — foreign 11 @ii^ Pneumatic bicycle tires 7H@ 7M Automobile tires 9%@lo Solid rubber wagon and carriage tires 10 @io^ White trimmed rubber i2^(a;i2M Heavy black rubber 5M@ 6 Air brake hose 4J4@ 5 Fire and large hose ZVs® 3^4 Garden hose 2^® 2M Matting Ij^@ 1% 30 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [October i, 1907. Review of the Crude Rubber Market. THE market continues without life, in spite of the fact that the factories all seem busy, and in the absence of large visible supplies. It is pointed out by sellers that much of the work in hand at the factories is based upon orders given some time ago, and the indisposition of consumers to buy rubber freely is due to uncertainty of future trade conditions. Not that there is any definite financial trouble in sight, but rather a feel- ing of caution in the way of expanding business pending legis- lative or judicial action in reference to the great corporate inter- ests of America. It is true that rubber prices have declined abroad, but on account of the large percentage of the world's rubber supply that is consumed in the United States, rubber prices everywhere are to a certain extent determined by condi- tions in this country. As will be seen, current quotations for Para grades have declined materially during the month, and prices of other grades to a less extent. This fact is causing some manufacturers to buy Para sorts for purposes for which they have, for some years past, used Africans. The monthly Antwerp sale, on September 19, resulted in some- thing of a surprise to the trade. Of the 663 tons offered about 513 found buyers, and although many lots of mediocre quality were embraced, the average prices realized showed an advance of 5 centimes per kilogram over the prices at the August sale. Arrivals at Para of all grades, including cancho. for July and August were 2930 tons, against 3330 last year and 2750 for the same months in 1905. Arrivals in September, to the iSth, were 113s tons. Following is a statement of prices of Para grades, one year ago, one month ago, and September 28 — this date : Par.^. Oct. I, '06. Sept. 1,07. Oct. 28. Islands, fine, new Ii9@i20 io5@io6 99@ioo Islands, fine, old none here none here none here Upriver, fine, new I23@I24 iio@lii io6@i07 Upriver, fine, old 126(0)127 Ii3@ri4 110(^112 Islands, coarse, new- 67(0)68 59(0:60 59® 60 Islands, coarse, old none here none here none here Upriver, coarse, new (S) 92 Sg@ 90 88(g 89 Upriver, coarse, old none here none here none here Caucho (Peruvian), sheet 75® 76 70(0171 69® 70 Caucho (Peruvian), ball 9i@ 92 88@ 89 85(0)86 Ceylon, fine, sheet 142(^143 I33@I34 I29(o!i30 African. Sierra Leone, ist quality 98(5)99 Massai, red 98(0)99 Lopori ball, prime — (S) — Lopori strip, prime.... 95(§!96 Madagascar, pinky 82(S;83 Ikelemba — (o — Soudan niggers 85^86 Benguella 68(0:69 Accra flake I7@i8 Cameroon ball 74@75 Centrals. Esmeralda, sausage 83(8)84 Mexican, scrap 83(^84 Guayaquil, strip 69(S;70 Mexican, slab 62@63 Nicaragua, scrap 82@83 Mangabeira, sheet 55(5)56 Panama, slab 626)63 Guavule 44(S)4t Assam 93@94 Late Para cables quote : Per Kilo. Islands, fine 5$i50 Islands, coarse 2$75o East Indian. Borneo 37@38 Per Kilo. L^priver, fine S$72S L^priver, coarse 4$725 Exchange ^syid. Latest Manaos advices : LTpriver, fine S$875 Exchange 15 1-32^. Upriver, coarse 3$875 New York Rubber Prices for August (New Rubber). 1907. Upriver, fine $i.o8(g$l.lS Upriver, coarse 89(g .92 Islands, fine I.04(f? 1.09 Islands, coarse 6o(§) .62 Cameta, coarse 66(0) .69 Maaaost 1906. $I.22(S'$I.24 .90® .92 1.18(a) 1.20 .65(g .67 .68(g .70 1905- $I.27@$I.29 .90(01 .92 1.25(0) 1.27 .68(g .70 •71® -73 Arrivals for July. 1907. Rubber tons 468 Caucho loi Total 569 Arrivals for August. Rubber tons 1164 Caucho 232 1906. 751 143 894 934 94 1028 190S. 586 674 863 _^ 961 Total 1396 IMPORTS FROM PARA AT NEW YORK. [The Figures Indicate ll'eigiit in Pounds.] September 3. — By the stamer Madeirense, from Manaos and Para: Importers. Fine. Medium. Coarse. Caucho. Total. General Rubber Co 33,200 6,700 43,900 12.600= 96,400 Edmund Reeks & Co 31,100 3.200 24,500 . . . .= 58,800 Hagemeyer & Brunn 22,500 .... 19,800 . . . .^ 42,300 Poel & Arnold 16,000 14,900 ....= 30,900 New York Commercial Co . . .. .... 9,200 9,500= 18,700 A. T. Morse & Co 9,600 : ,600 .... . . . . = 1 1 ,200 Neale & Co 7.900 ....=: 7.900 Total 96,400 27,500 120,200 22,100^ 266,200 September 14. — By the steamer Cearense. from Manaos and Para: Poel & Arnold 57. 800 17,300 10,400 . — = 85,500 General Kubber Co 2,700 2.100 85,800 . . . .^ 90,600 Edmund Reeks & Co 20,000 2,800 16,500 ....= 39,300 New York Commercial Co 1,100 7,900 4.000 23,700^ 36,700 Neale & Co i r.800 2,800 2,600 . . . .^ 17,200 Hagemeyer & Brunn 11,800 .... 5.300 ....=: 17,100 A. T. Morse & Co 2,900 300 6,600 . . . . = 9.800 September -By the steamer Polycarp, from Manaos and Para: Poel & Arnold 128 General Rubber Co 62,100 New York Commercial Co 94,100 A. T. Morse & Co 55,100 Ed. Reeks & Co 25,300 G. Amsinck & Co 23,900 Ntale & Co 2.500 C. P. dos Santos i.ioo 22.400 72.000 12,700 67,500 16,800 18,400 3,100 1 1,800 2, goo 1 1,900 10,800 2,700 400 4,600 400 4,000 . . . ,= 223,200 10.200= 152,500 . . . .= 129.300 1.200= 71,200 . . . .^ 40,100 = 37.400 = 7.500 = 5,500 Total 392,900 Total 108.100 ^„, „ . [Note. — The steamer Polycarp. from Para, is due at New York on October 2, with 385 tons of rubber.l 69,500 192,900 1 1,400=: 666,700 33,200 131,200 23,700=296,200 PARA RUBBER VIA EUROPE. Pounds. August 29. — By the Pa/rfcic=Hamburg: Rubber Trading Co. (Fine) 5.500 August 31. — By the Cam/'ania= Liverpool: New York Commercial Co. (Fine) 9,000 September 4. — By the President LincoIn= Hamburg: New York Commfrcial Co. (Fine) 18,000 September 5. — By the Advance='iAo\\cndo: New York Commercial Co. (Fine) 15,000 New York Com. Co. (Coarse).. 1,500 16,500 September 7. — By the Prins Frederick= Bolivar: G. Amsinck & Co. (Fine) 3,000 G. Amsinck & Co. (Coarse) 6,000 9,000 September 12. — By the ^^oldersec<=HamhuTg: September iS. — By the Caronin=Liverpool New York Comm-rcial Co. (Fine) 57,000 Robinson & Stiles (Fine) 5,000 Livesey & Co. (Coarse) 3.500 September 18. — By the Sigissemund= Mollendo: W. R. Grace & Co. (Caucho) 35.000 New York Commercial Co. (Fine) 15*000 August 26. — By the F/aHwno((ar=Colon: L. Johnson & Co 4,500 G. Amsinck & Co 4,000 Henry Mann & Co 3,500 3,000 2,000 2,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 500 28,000 Demarest Bros. & Co George A. Alden & Co Isaac Brandon & Bros. . Andreas & Co Kunhardt & Co Hirzel, Feltman & Co.. Pablo. Calvet Co Roldan & Van Sickle.... West Coast Rubber Co. Graham, Hinkley Co. . . Bartling & DeLeore September :8. — By the Sigismund=-Co\on: L. Johnson & Co 4,000 American Trading Co 1,500 A. M. Capens* Sons 1,500 W. R. Grace & Co 1,500 G. Amsinck & Co 1,000 September ig. — By the ^arnto^Colom- bian ports; Kunhardt & Co A. Held Isaac Brandon & Bros, Oachoa & Osirio Brunner, Mohle Co... Escalwr & Gorgorza . G. Amsinck & Co. . . Roldan & Van Sickle AFRICANS— CondHMed. Sept. 19. — By the P^n«iy/x^nia=Hamburg: Livesey & Co 1 1,500 W. L. Gough Co 2,500 14,000 EAST INDIAN. 4,500 3.500 2,000 1,500 1,500 1,000 1,000 1,000 September 6.— By the Merida Granani, Hinklev Co H. Marquardt & Co Harburger & Stack September 10. — By the Patiama- G. Amsinck & Co New York Commercial Co Plirzel, Feltman & Co Henry Mann & Co "Wessels, Kulenkampff & Co September 10.— By the El Dorado=Ne'w Orleans: Manhattan Rubber Mfg. Co 1,500 G. Amsinck & Co 1,000 -By the Augusta ]Villielm= I.SOO 1.000 1,000 =Colon : 12,000 3,500 1,500 1.500 1,000 19,500 2,500 Co. September 1 1 Colombia: G. Amsinck & Co. Fbuld & Co A. Held ,... American Trading A. F. Hanaberg A. D. Straus & Co September 13. — By the Proteus Orleans: A. N. Rotholz A. T. Morse & Co Eggers & Heinlein September 13. — B Frontera: H. Marquardt & Co. Harburger & Stack Strube & Ultze E. Steiger & Co.. . . September 13.— By Bahia: Poel & Arnold 6,500 September 16. — Bv the P^t^t7ancio=Tampico: New York Commercial Co *8o,ooo EdwaUd Maurer '25,000 Continental-Mexican Rubber Co.. '25,000 Poel & Arnold *i5.ooo 145.000 2,000 2,000 1,000 1, 000 1. 000 1,000 =New 2,000 1,000 1,500 the Morro Castle= 2.500 1,500 1,500 1,000 Corrientes:= 'This sign in connection with imports of Cen- trals denotes Guayule rubber. AFRICANS. Pounds. August 24. — By the /'r^(oria=Hamburg: Poel & Arnold 25,000 A. T. Morse & Co 5,500 George A. Alden & Co 6,500 37,oo< Aug. 26. — By the I '^ ad erland= Antwerp; Poel & Arnold 67,000 A. T. Morse & Co 60,000 George A. Alden & Co 45,000 General Rubber Co 9,000 Jost ph Cantor 8,000 H. A. Gould Co 2,000 191, oo( Aug. 27. — By the ^rm«iian=:=Liverpool: George A. Alden & Co 7,001 Aug. 29. — By the ffl(ricw=Hamburg: Livesey & Co 17,000 General Rubber Co 22,500 George A. Alden & Co 11,500 W. L. Gough & Co 7,000 Raw Products Co 3,500 Aug. 30. — By the Bn/f ic=: Liverpool : Poel & Arnold *. . . 11,500 Livesey & Co 3.500 Sept. 3. — By the Kroonlaud= Antv/erp: Poel & Arnold 75,ooo A. T. Morse & Co 9,000 Sept. 3. — By the Carma«ia=Liverpool: General Rubber Co 22,500 Raw Products Co 4,500 Sept. 4. — By the President Liucoln= Hamburg: General Rubber Co 38,000 Poet & Arnold 22,500 A. T. Morse & Co 20,000 George A. Alden & Co 14,000 Sept. 5. — By the ^(fri'af»c=Havre: George A. Alden & Co 11,000 Livesey & Co 10,000 6. — By the Cerfri'c^ Liverpool : Rubber Co 45,000 9. — By the Gascoyne==HzvTc: Arnold 10. — By the Zt*(7/a» ItraUIBEES SOLICITED. The Canadian Rubber Co. of Montreal MANUFACTURERS OF I^IAlinTBD ALL KINDS OF HIGH GRADE GENERAL RUBBER GOODS AND SOLE MAKERS OF THE Celebrated "CANADIAN" Rubbers We are always open to correspond with experienced Rubber men, both for Factory and DiecutiTe Wort. Factory and Executive Offices: inventiona kindred to tbe Tr>de and Ideaa for derelopment, Inrlted. MfkNTDFAl D ft Oo^ Development Department glrei inuni IKCAL, K. V?« theae matters special attention. Canadian Sales Branchas: HALIFAX, N. S., MONTREAL, Que., TORONTO, Onl., WINNIPEG, Man., RECINA, SASK., CALGARY, Alia., VANCOUVER, B. C, VICTORIA, B. C. D. LOKNE McOIBBOir, J. C. NICHOLSON, U. C. UTTLLABKY, B. 3. TOUNGE, S. IXOTD JONES, Vice-Pres, & Managing Director, Manager Mechanical Goods. Manager Footwear Dept. Sales Manager. Sact.'Treas. B. LOEWENTHAL lb COMPANY NEW YORK, 136 Liberty St. BUY AND 5ELL CHICAGO, 162 5th Avenue. "N any grade Cable AJJrcss-Gyblowell-Nsw York. Usber'i Cod* Umoses, viz. : LIME FLOUR PIGMENTS Standard and Brilliant VERMILION ROSIN Chemically Treated SHELLAC QILSONITE ASPHALTUM HYDRO CARBON MINERAL RUBBER ELASTIC COMPOUND COMPO BLACK WAXES, Ceresine, Ozokerite VARNISH MAKERS'SUPPLIES INSULATING COMPOUNDS RUBBER SURROGATES White and Brown SULPHURETTE-ANTIMONY Golden and Crimsoa RED OXIDE HYPO BLACK CHLORIDE OF SULPHUR GENUINE LITHARGE Powdered and Flake SULPHUR VEGETABLE BLACKS BLACK FILLER BISULPHIDE CARBON TETRACHLORIDE CARBON PLEASE WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS We are alert to present unknown natural products to the producers of rubber goods and others so soon as our investigating department finds ihem of sufficient interest. ADOLF»H HIRSCH dfe CO. Importers and Dealers In Brazil Manicoba and Sheet Rubber OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS BRIDGE ARCH, 17 Frankfort St., NEW YORK Telepbone 3198 Heekiimn Cable Address ' AUliirsolico' ELECTRIC HOSE & RUBBER CO., WILMINGTON, DELAWARE. MANUFACTURERS OF Hose for all purposes by a new and improved process — made in any continuous length. Vulcanized under pressure. Cannot possibly unwrap or separate between plies. Great strength and durability. Ventton the India Rubber World when you write. The R. C. Blow=off Valves FOR VULCANIZERS, BOILERS, ETC. Guaranteed for Long Service Made tn slies, lU In-. iVt Ih., 2 in., 2% In.. S in. A Straightway valve with no angles or turns. The valve is perfectly tight for. water and steam at high or low pressure. WRITE FOR PRICES OSGOOD SAYEN, 518 Arcade BIdg. Philadelphia, Pa. Mention The India Rubber World when you write. NoVEMJiER I, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 33 ^^ Published on the Ist of each Month by THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHING GO., No. 35 WEST 21st STREET. NEW YORK. CARLE ADDRESS: IRWORLD, NEW YORK. HENRY C PEARSON, EDITOB, HAWTHORNE HILL, ASSOCIATE. Vol. 37. NOVEMBER I. 1907. No. 2. Sdbscriptions : $3.00 per year, $1.75 for six months, postpaid^ for the United States and dependencies and Mexico. To the Dominion of Canada and all other countries, $3.50 (or equivalent funds) per year, postpaid. Advbetisino : Rates will be made known on application. Remittances : Should always be made by bank draft, Postofflce or BjI- press money orders on New York, payable to The India Rdbbbb Publishing Company. Remittances for foreign subscriptions should be sent by International Postal order, payable as above. Discontinuances : Yearly orders for subscriptions and advertising are regarded as permanent, and after the first twelve months they will be discontinued only at the request of the subscriber or ad- vertiser. Bills are rendered promptly at the beginning of each period, and thereby our patrons have due notice of continuance. COPYRIGHT, 1907, BY THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHINO CO. Entered at New York postoffice as mall matter of the second class. TABLE OF CONTENTS ON LAST PAGE READING MATTER. STANDARDIZATION OF TIRES. NOWADAYS, when a great "department store" un- dertakes to supply practically every want of the buy- ing public, the full page advertisements of these es- tablishments are among the most interesting features of the newspapers, such is the variety of the wares described day after day, and the skill employed in wording the an- nouncements. Not the least notable feature of such ad- vertisements is that they are honest, so that they become an important record of development of current taste and manners. All of which has been suggested to the writer of these lines by glancing at random over one of these advertisements, in which the word 'tires" happens to appear prominently. In the case in point the merchant announces "We handle only first quality tires, including such standard grades as" — and then follows a list in which appear im- partiallv the names of certain American and European makes that would be acknowledged in any automobiling club in Christendom to be "good tires." No "freaks" in this list, no cheap goods, no unknown brands. Our object in referring to this particular advertisement — after f^ stating that it is in no sense exceptional in New York S store announcements — is to note that it indicates the '^ standardization of the automobile tire. As everybody ,. . knows, the leading tire patents in America are expiring, as they have expired already in Britain, while France never granted any patents covering some important types of tires. What concerns "the man in the street" is whether a certain tire is a good one, and not who made it. The fact that it is offered by a reputable house is his principal guarantee as to quality, though if he has a preference for a particular brand of note, the up-to-date department store will supply it. Whoever buys a pair of shoes to-day depends upon his own judgment as to the quality, or upon the reputation of the house from which he buys, far more than upon the maker's brand. Shoes are shoes, and one shoe as good as another — that is, in a reputable shop. The same thing is becoming true of the automobile tire, and because the leading makers of the tires have been honest in their work ; each has attempted to do his best work, and each has succeeded equally well with his competitors, so that even the novice may feel that he will not go far wrong if he goes to a well established dealer to buy tires, though it be to a department store. But as we have said, if he wants a particular English or German or American or French tire, the store in question will sell it to him, as an- nounced in the same advertisement with automobiles com- plete or babv rattles or luncheon baskets or grand pianos or lead pencils. The tire makers have done marvelously well on the whole, and the best evidence is that their products no longer require a maker's guarantee to sell them. OVERPRODUCTION OF RUBBER. S A QUESTION which is much discussed among rubber planters in British Asia, and even more among the thousands of British investors in plantation com- panies, is whether there is danger of overproduction. This is a very practical question, and deserving of all the atten- tion that it has received, because the world is not yet rich enough to spend millions of money in promoting any en- terprise without assurances that it will not be thrown away. There may be some encouragement in the fact that his- tory has recorded so few examples of "overproduction." Every grower of wheat or cotton or cucumbers, for ex- ample, may not always find a profitable or even a ready sale for his crops, but it can hardly be said that, on the whole, overproduction of any of these commodities has ever occurred. It is true that when the cultivation of quinine bark was once begun, so many persons engaged in it on a large scale that the rate of profit declined to an extent that caused some of the planters to retire from the field. Yet probably more quinine is produced now than any time in the past, and it is reasonable to suppose that it pays the producers, or they would stop gathering the stufT. Similarly, it was a common thing a few years ago, in the United States, to hear that cotton was no longer a paying crop, but the production has increased steadily in amount, and in years of largest production prices have ranged higher than in former times, and the cotton plant- ers are becoming a wealthy class. tiOTA • ',■ ' 34 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November r, 1907. It ma}- he said, by the way, that quinine is h:irdly a necessity in the sense that cotton and rubber are, because substitutes for it can be more readily named, in any event no one is apt to use quinine who can avoid it, whereas milhons of people are anxious to acquire or use more cotton and rubber than they can now obtain, or pay for. This fact alone should be a sufficient guarantee to the doubtful that overproduction of rubber is not likely to occur. And so long as rubber — or any other commodity — is a real necessitv of life, it is going to pay somebody to produce it. Still, it may be argued that it must be possible to plant too much rubber, and that it is only wise to stop planting this side the danger line. To this it may be answered that, while surprising yields have been gained on some plantations, and while the same trees seem to yield more and more rubber every year, the number of cultivated trees now yielding is insignificant compared with the actual consumption of rubber. There are, it is true, some millions of younger trees, planted some years later than the trees now producing rubber, so that they will not be tappable for some time to come, wdien without doubt the total demand for rubber will have been greatly increased, while the native supplies will have been lessened. Any trees which mav be planted herafter will be still longer in coming to maturity, so that overproduction at least does not seem to us imminent. A point of more immediate interest is th^.t the in- tending investor in existing plantations should convince himself ( 1 ) that the trees he is asked to pay for can be accounted for anr! ( 2 ) that he does net pay too much for them. THE COTTON SITUATION. THERE has been at no other time, perhaps, such a widespread interest in the cotton situation, from so many viewpoints, as at present. The attempt to ex- tend cotton growing to new localities is more general than ever before, and is being conducted more exten- sively, on more practical lines, and with greater promises of success. While there is nothing in prospect to suggest the loss of American supremacy in cotton production, enough has happened to point out to .\merican growers the wisdom of becoming prepared for competition in some important respects. The activity in extending cotton areas has been prompted by the higher price level for cotton which has prevailed for several years and still shows no tendency to decline. Manufacturers are clamoring for lower priced fiber, and the prices available encourage the investment of capital in new planting enterprises, while the more intelligent colonial administrations of modern times are anxious to develop cotton growing as a feature of the development of the regions under their control. Ulti- mately some of these undertakings are bound to prove profitable, especially as the situation on the whole is one to develop more economical methods of production than have been practised in the southern United States in the absence of competition abroad. At this moment the growers in these States are busy forming organizations for mutual benefit, but their chief motive appears to be the forcing of consumers to pay more for cotton. Xo one can complain of the growers for seeking the highest possible prices for their produce. lUit in the end prices are regulated by the general law of supply and demand, which prevents an artificial level from being long maintained. But now that the import- ance of concerted action is becoming recognized by the cotton growers, they may ultimately conclude to use the power of organization to so improve their methods that their labor will produce relatively larger returns than now, even at a lower price per pound of cotton. To hold cotton out of the market, as is now attempted, will only stimulate production elsewhere, and hasten an era of lower prices for cotton generally. The inter- national cotton conferences which have been held lately are likely to be of general benefit in bringing about the discussion of other features of the cotton situation than the sole matter of prices, with the result that the grower may get more money per unit of labor employed, and at the same time give the consumer more cotton for each dollar expended, regardless of where the cotton is grown. WHY NOT A SPECIAL PATENT COURT? THE keynote of a report made to the American Bar Association recently by a committee of its members was thus stated : "A United States patent ought to have the same legal force and meaning everywhere within its borders. But it has not at the present time,'' It happens that diroughout the United States there are judges having primary jurisdiction, in the federal judi- ciary system, before whom may be brought actions at law relating to alleged infringement of patents. De- cisions by these judges may be appealed from to district appellate courts, of which there are several, while the court of last resort — which may be reached only after a case has been carried through the two grades here noted — is the United .States supreme court. It has happened that the same patent has been held valid in some of these courts of "'first instance" and in- valid in others, a court of this rank not being influenced even by the decision of an appellate court in another dis- trict, and as a patent case cannot as a rule reach the supreme court without several years' delay, it will be seen tliat not a little confusion may exist as to the valid- ity — and the commercial value — of any patent which may have been infringed. It is true, we believe, that a single decision, in one of the smaller jurisdictions, usually suf- fices to determine the validity of a patent, but this is not always the case. The recommendation of the Bar Association's com- mittee is in favor of one United States court of patent November i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 35 appeals, to which cases might be carried at once from any court of first instance, thus shortening the procedure for arriving at a definite pronouncement in any particular action. This suggestion, all the details of which have not been set down here, appears to us to have merit, and we doubt not that it will be heard from further. .A.t the same time a further suggestion might well have a hearing. It is for the creation of a board of experts in connection with patent cases. It is our impression that in France such a board exists, which is called upon to take cognizance of all cases of patent litigation before a final decision is reached, whereas in the Bar Association committee's recommendation it is provided that the patent court of appeals shall be organized from the judges for the time being sitting in the United States circuit courts. There comes to mind the pertinent suggestion in an English contemporary, that whereas even an eminent barrister may decline a retainer in a patent infringement case, on the ground that he is not familiar with patent law, he would not decline to render a decision in the same case should he chance to be elevated to the bench before the case was finally disposed of. It has occurred to ourselves — and without any reflection upon our very learned judges — that the outcome of a oatent suit is about as uncertain as the result of a horse race, and it appears only reasonable that a court of experts should be able to render more satis factor}- opinions in the class of cases under consideration than often result from the haphazard judicial system now in vogue in most countries. Rubber wu.l be far fro.m the least important and interesting feature of the many automobile shows, the season for which is just beginning. By the way, the question might be asked why, when the streets are constantly crowded with automobiles, people still go to exhibition halls to see them. At least one advantage of the "show" is that the cars there are not likely to run over people. Italy's cre.\t rubber factory, described on another page, not only supplies a large home demand for goods, but devotes an important share of its capacity to export trade. This is true of not a few other rubber factories in Europe, so great is the con- sumption of rubber goods in countries which as yet have no factories in this branch. While .American exports of rubber goods continue to increase, it can hardly be said that this coun- try has its share of outside trade, besides which the imports of such goods also continues to increase. It must be .\dmitted th.\t rubber culture has passed the experimental stage when one studies the results attained by Mr. Rutherford, of London, of w'hom a sketch appears on another page, and considers that, while he has accomplished more than some of his plantation neighbors, the difference is a matter of quantity only and not of quality. The Royal Automobile Club of England, in carrying out such a comprehensive series of trials of commercial motor cars as that which ended during the month, has placed a proper estimate upon this class of vehicles. Such cars are becoming a real necessity in modern life as compared with pleasure vehicles of any type, and while the R. A. C. trials involved no study of tire conditions, we take it that those rubber manufacturers are wisest who give the most serious attention to planning the best possible tires for commercial vehicles. And still the laying of ocean cables goes on — two new ones to connect New York with countries to the southward within the past few weeks. While both were financed by Ameri- can capitalists, it does not seem that any American manufacturer was able to profit in any way from these enterprises. The return of the bicycle to some degree of popularity serves to emphasize the truism that whenever rubber has been put to any practical use, that use of it never ceases. It did seem for awhile as if the bicycle tire formed an exception to the rule. HIGH ESTIMATE OF PATENT VALUES. THE annual report (1907) of the board of directors to the shareholders of the Westinghouse Electric and Manu- facturing Co., signed by George Westinghouse, president, con- tains the following paragraphs in relation to the patents owned by the company or in which they are interested : "Your company is the possessor of a large number of patents and of licenses under a still greater number by virtue of an agreement with the General Electric Co., made March 31, 1896. It may be said that these patents and licenses are the very foundation of the business of both companies. Their cost cannot be computed, because in addition to the large sums paid in cash, the development of the apparatus and systems covered by them have involved manufacturing, engineering, and legal expenses which have been constantly charged to current operations. "The active patents of the two companies to-day, by purchase and as the result of development in their factories, greatly exceed the number covered by the patent agreement of 1896, and their value is even greater in proportion because of the enormous increase of the business protected. '■.\lmost every detail of the entire product of both companies is dependent upon the use of some one or more of the many thousand patents jointly owned, the right use of which should be worth an average of at least 10 per cent, on the value of the apparatus manufactured and sold under their protection. If this right of use be computed at only 3 per cent., a figure neither company could atTord to accept from other manufacturers, the aggregate annual work of these patents would be $3,000,000 on the present output of the two companies, which, if capitalized on a 10 per cent, basis would make a gross value of $30,000,000 for all of the patents of both companies. "The large sums expended in the acquirements of patents, in their upkeep, and in the development of apparatus covered by new patents, coupled with the fact that the value of the new patents constantly being acquired exceeds the value of those expiring, constitutes the equivalent of an important annual depreciation." NOT ADMITTED AS SCRAP. AN importation of old telegraph cable at New York was claimed to be free of duty as old copper fit only for manu- facturing, or as junk. The samples and evidence showed that the cables had been imported in lengths of more than 2,000 feet and consisted of about 12 small copper wires grouped around one large copper wire, and all covered with an insulating material somewhat like gutta-percha. They were said to be the condemned parts of a submarine cable and meant to be cut up, the covering of the wire to be sold as scrap gutta-percha and the wire as scrap copper. The United States general appraisers held that, whatever the purpose of the importer, the merchantable character of the article was clearly shown by the evidence, and its classifi- cation by the collector of the port as a manufacture of copper wire was affirmed. 36 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1907. Standardization of Electric Lighting Materials. AT the seventh annual convention of the National Electrical Contractors' Association of the Uoited States one of the principal addresses was by Mr. C. M. Goddard, represent- ing the Underwriters' National Electrical Association, who dwelt at length upon the "Factory Inspection Service" which for two years past has been maintained successfully. Mr. Goddard was identified closely with the formation of the Underwriters' national association and of the national electrical code. Referring to the development of the code as it now exists, the speaker quoted from the first printed rules regarding insulation issued in this country (in 1881), two of which were: "Wires to be thoroughly insulated and doubly coated with some approved material. "All wires to be securely fastened by some approved noncon- ducting fastening." There has not always been uniformity of interpretation or ap- plication of the rules, either when in the earlier and briefer forms, or now when the national electrical code fills a book of 150 pages, but progress is being made all the time in the direction of uniformity. But there was a matter apart from the letter of the code which the speaker defined clearly when he said : "I be- lieve it is fully as necessary that you contractors make it your business to always use fittings and materials which have been carefully examined and found to meet all requirements as it is to follow the code in your work of installing such devices and materials." Following are other extracts from Mr. Goddard's address : Work of St.'\ndardiz.\tion. "Our laboratories have lately made a very decided step in ad- vance along this line of approved devices, which as it is further developed will, I think, be recognized as of great advantage to all users of electrical apparatus. It is known as 'Factory Inspection Service,' and has, I am glad to say, apparently met with cordial approval and cooperation from the great majority of the reputable manufacturers. "It was started in connection with the manufacture of rubber covered wire as the 'Wire Inspection Bureau' [See The India Rubber Woklu, September i, 1905 — page 398.] and has since been extended by the laboratories to other electrical products, such as conduit, etc., as well as to fire protection devices, such as chemical extinguishers, watch clocks and the like ; it will in the near future be further extended and it is expected that eventually it will include the whole list of approved devices. "Arrangements are made with as many of the manufacturers, say of approved rubber covered wire, as desire to be included, by which It is first ascertained that they have the proper factory facilities for the manufacture and testing of rubber covered wire and that their 'shop practice' is generally good — in other words, that they can produce a standard article. "Then, in order to assure ourselves that they will produce a standard article, we employ a corps of inspectors whose duty is to periodically visit all of these factories as often as circum- stances demand, say once or if necessary twice a week, for the purpose of looking over the factory and its product, making tests of coils selected at random, checking up the tests made in the fac- tory and satisfying themselves that the entire output is being kept up to standard. Stamped Goods. "To such manufacturers as show good results, stamps are sold at so much per 500 feet of wire, and you are undoubtedly all familiar with the 'Wire Inspection Bureau' stamps that have been for some time attached to the tags on approved rubber covered wire, although you may not have known just what they meant. "If an inspector finds that the product of any factory is fre- quently below standard, then the stock of stamps on hand, if any, is taken up and that factory can purchase no more stamps until the trouble is remedied and the product again brought up and kept up to standard. "The cost of this service is covered by the sale of stamps, each manufacturer thereby contributing in proportion to his output, and it is gratifying to be able to say that the price of stamps has been twice almost cut in two since the service was started, so that to-day it cuts no figure at all in the selling price of the wire. "This service you will readily see partakes very largely of the nature of the engineer who supervises the manufacture of all com- modities under large government contracts, and gives you, as users of such goods, the benefit of knowing that you are getting what you are paying for, and this without any added expense. "As this service is extended you will be able, by insisting on 'stamped' goods, to be sure that whatever you buy is what it is represented to be." Factory Inspection Service. Another address of importance was that of Mr. Hugh T. Wreaks, secretary of the Wire Inspection Bureau already men- tioned. He said that electric lighting w^as at first welcomed by the insurance people as being safer than other illuminants then in use, but after some costly fires this confidence in the safety of electricity was destroyed. In spite of all the work done to restore confidence, many fires are still caused by electric lighting installations, caused either (l) by use of defective material, or (2) defective installation, or (3) carelessness in handling, or by any or all of these. The principal interest of those who support the Wire Inspection Bureau is to eliminate as much as possible the fires due to the first of these causes. In the early struggles of the organization in behalf of higher grades of material, the active resistance was encountered of manufacturers, jobbers, and contractors, and the support of the insurance interests was very indifferent. But gradually all of this has been changed, and co- operation on the part of all those classes is becoming the rule. After recounting the earlier methods of seeking the standardiza- tion of supplies, and the maintenance of high grades of products, and their very limited success, Mr. Wreaks said : "In 1905 a happy conception was arrived at, that much better results could be accomplished through factory inspection service carried on continually, in place of the intermittent field inspection of sample goods previously obtained, and to start this service manufacturers of rubber covered wire were approached with this end in view, and the Wire Inspection Bureau was formed and factory inspection service started on rubber covered wire. "In rapid succession other services were started, until to-day factory inspection is an established fact on rubber covered wire, flexible cord, rigid conduit, flexible tubing and insulating joints, and as soon as minor details are adjusted, will be established on various other electrical fittings. As is to be expected, the service has many friends and others who criticize same. I think the criticisms are due more to misunderstandings and to lack of recognition of the conditions the service is struggling against, and what the service really means, rather than to any opposition against factory inspection label service per se. "One plea that has been made against the service is that it un- necessarily increases the cost of the goods themselves, but a little reflection will sliow this not to be an item of consideration when it is considered that in no case does the cost of inspection amount to more than one per cent, of the selling price of the goods, and generally it is appreciably less than one per cent., and the in- creased cost, if any. caused by factory inspection service is in November i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 37 every case due to the fact that previous to inspection service the goods were not being manufactured up to the standard under which they were sold." The Wire Inspection Bureau, referred to in the preceding para- graphs, is affihated with the Underwriters' Laboratories, and has headquarters in the new Engineering building, No. 29 West Thirty-ninth street, New York, with branches in other cities. ALUMINUM FOE ELECTEIC CONDUCTOES. The continued high price of copper, while the cost of produc- ing aluminum is constantly being lessened, has tended to call in- creased attention of late to the merits of aluminum as a metal for electric conductors. While an aluminum wire must have, compared with copper, a section increased by .63 per cent, and a diameter increased by .28 per cent., there is a saving in weight of SO per cent, in favor of aluminum. An aluminum line from Niagara Falls to Buffalo, transmitting 15,000 hp. at 22,000 volts, has been in service for three years, having been put up to replace a copper line. In the original line the spans were 75 feet, but with aluminum the spans have been extended to II2J4 feet, thus saving 33 per cent, in poles. The use of aluminum for electric cables is extending in Britain as well as in America, one indica- tion of which is the recent issue by Johnson & Phillips, Limited, of a catalogue of such cables made by them. A NEW INStJLATING PITCH. A NEW insulating material is a by product of Coalite, a fuel prepared from coal under the patents of Thomas Parker, the issue of which in Great Britain is numbered 14,365 (1906). All rights under this invention have been transferred by Parker to an English company. Coalite, Limited, who in turn have sold the English rights to British Coalite Co., Limited, floated re- cently in London with £2,000,000 [=:$9.733,ooo] capital. At pres- ent gas manufacturers put in good class of coal into brick retorts and at a high temperature distil from it gas and by products, and have coke as a residual. By Mr. Parker's method, it is stated, almost any grade of bituminous coal can be treated ; it is placed in iron stills, at a comparatively low temperature, and after the distillation a hard, dense, smokeless fuel remains, which has been named coalite. This new fuel is adapted for domestic and in- dustrial purposes, and in addition to being cleanly and smokeless, it is superior to other coal in that a greater percentage of its calorific energy is converted into useful heat. It is said that the gas produced is less in quantity but richer, and that the tar prod- ucts are nearly double in quantity and far more valuable than the by products from ordinary gas making. The pitch produced is referred to as being of a particularly high grade, and possessing excellent qualities for electrical work where high insulation is required. By regulation of the degree of distillation the pitch can be manufactured either in a soft con- dition ready for use in the insulation troughs, or as a hard brittle brick fit for transportation and easily softened by the addition of some of the creosote oil, which is another by product of Parker's system. Parker's applications for patents in the United States and Germany, it is stated, have been allowed. The directors of British Coalite Co., Limited, are connected with the steel and colliery interests, with the exception of Sir William Henry Preece, k. c. b., f. r. s., a notable electrical engineer, who has signed a report commending the insulating qualities of the new product above described. FUTURE OF THE WIRELESS. Sir Hiram Maxim, the great inventor, says that the unscientific public is expecting too much from the experiments Marconi is making to establish a wireless telegraph service across the Atlantic. Sir Hiram says that Marconi has done splendid work in establishing wireless communication between vessels at sea, if for no other reason than that if a ship is missing nowadays it can be traced quickly. But there is absolutely no reason for the owners of stocks in cable companies to become excited. Wireless telegraphy is more than a plaything, of course, but never will be a serious competitor with ocean cables — at least in our lifetime. Whoever pays to send a cablegram vvant= to keep it private to himself and to his correspondent, but privacy cannot be secured for messages sent by wireless. This would be particularly felt in time of war, so that, on the whole, Sir Hiram finds very great drawbacks to the wireless system as a practical institution of wide application. SFAEKS. Benolite is the name given to a new insulating varnish, said to have high dielectric strength and great flexibility. It is said to contain no linseed oil and not to depend upon China wood oil for its characteristics. The black Benolite varnish, applied to insulating tape or cotton covered wire can be dried, it is said, in six to eight hours, at 212° F., giving a hard, glossy surface. It is marketed by the Benolite Co., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Steel rails and spools are now made for handling and slipping insulated and other wires and cables, instead of the more cum- bersome and less durable wooden reels and spools hitherto in universal use for such purposes. The Frank Mossberg Co. (Attleboro, Massachusetts) have brought out a patented line of pressed steel wire reels. MADISON GARDEN ELECTRICAL SHOW. "T^HE first annual ElectriAl Show, at Madison Square Garden, ■'• New York, from September 30 to October g, was designed to embody "all the modern inventions and appliances in the world" that might have any bearing upon electricity. While not everything eligible for the show was to be seen there, there was a great variety of exhibits, and some of them very extensive, com- plete, and interesting to the engineer and the lay public as well. The show was organized by Electrical Show, Incorporated, a permanent organization under the presidency of Mr. George F. Parker, who is well known in the insulated wire trade. Their offices are at No. 116 Nassau street. New York. The General Electric Co., with eight exhibition "spaces," showed a wide range of electrically operated apparatus and de- vices, from rock drills to ice cream freezers ; in fact the tone of the show was reflected in a newspaper headline — "Electricity Solves Servant Problem," referring to the number of situations, not only in the world's larger work, but in the household as well, where electricity is now made to lighten or supplant hand work. The New York Edison Co., the National Electric Lamp Association, and the various Westinghouse companies were among the larger exhibitors All these applications of electricity, of course, involve the use of insulating material, and particularly rubber. One visitor to the show remarked that the subject of insulation was kept to the front constantly, with a view to reassuring people to whom domestic electrical appliances are new that they are not neces- sarily dangerous. The India Rubber and Gutta Percha Insulat- ing Co. (New York) had an extensive display of "Hibirshaw" wires, cables, and cores, and other insulation products. The Milking Machines. A display which attracted much attention was that of the Burrell-Lawrence-Kennedy cow milker in operation, four cows from a Long Island dairy forming part of the exhibit. These milkers, described lately in The India Rubber World, are covered by no fewer than 17 American patents, controlled by the National Dairy Supply Co., No. 32 Park place. New York. The machines call for rubber for the milking tubes and attachments and also, if operated by electricity, for insulation. CHICAGO ELECTRICAL SHOW. The third annual electrical show under the auspices of the Electrical Trades Exposition Co. will be held at the Coliseum, in Chicago, January 13-25, 1908. It will be under the manage- ment of Homer Hiesz, to whose efforts the success of the two previous exhibitions has been largely credited. His office is at 1006 Monadnock building, Chicago. 38 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, IQ07. Works of Pirelli & Co., at Milan, Italy. Italy's Great Rubber Factory. THE foundation of the great rubber manufacturing firm of Pirelli & Co., at Milan, in 1872, was made possible by the wave of patriotism which led to and resulted from the formation of the present Italian nation about that time. Cable Works of Pirelli & Co.. at Spezta. Italy. [The Company's Cable Ship Citta lii Miiano is shown at the right. 1 Italy was then still rather backward in business matters, though Milan has been the great industrial center of Italy for thirteen centuries. It was here that the house of G. B. Pirelli & Co. began making rubber goods on a very small scale in 1872, with a few- imported workmen. _ The infant industry won its first recognition in 1875, at the Florence fair. The next year the Lorabardy Scientific and Literary Society gave it an endorsement that at- tracted the attention of the govern- ment, thus assuring the success of the enterprise. A partner was taken in, and G. B. Pirelli, F. Ca- sazza & Co. greatly enlarged their plant, and added several new lines of rubber goods — surgical, sporting, and waterproof. In 1878 they began making hard rubber goods, learned insulation, and in 1880 took up gutta-percha work and made some successful underground electrical cables. In 1882 they began the manufacture of rubber thread, being Branch Factory of Pirelli & Co the first European house to compete with England in this im- portant branch. Their success in this line was their greatest triumph, until they came to making sea cables. In 1883 the partnership was incorporated under the name Pirelli & Co., since when the style of the business has not been changed. At this time the making and laying of sea cables was mo- nopolized by England. Pirelli & Co., encouraged by the Italian gov- ernment, entered into a successful competition with England, with .-uch results that they now rank among the great cable makers of the world. They were the first firm on the continent to make submarine cables. For this purpose they built the San Bartolomeo plant at Spezia, on the Riviera, in 1886, which re- mained the only sea cable factory on the continent, until 1890. The Italian colonial system was well developed by this time, and demanded independent cable connections. The government contracted with Pirelli & Co. to lay all of these cables. The AT Villanl'eva y Geltru, Spain. November i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 39 Cable Steamer "Citta ui Mllano."' View in Pikelli & Co.'s Milan Works — Manufacture of Armored Electric Cables. enterprising house ordered a cable ship, the Citia di Milaiio. built in England, which the- government admitted into the royal navy. Before either their ship or the San Bartolomco branch was built, Pirelli ,& Co. received their first order, at the beginning of 1887, to connect Massawa and Assab with the British cable system at Perim, in the straits of Bab el Mandeb. They bought the cable for this in England, and engaged an English ship to lay it; but since that time they have been in all respects inde- pendent of otiier countries, and have laid thousands of miles of cables for the Italian and Spanish governments, and have taken over the maintenance of many other lines laid by England. Their Spanish branch, founded in Ipoi, at Villa- nueva y Geltru, near Barcelona, has grown rapidly, until it is now about one-third the size of the Milan plant. This branch has specialized in insu- lated wire and cables, and besides perfect equipment, has embodied all the best hygienic and safety ap- pliances. Pirelli & Co. have a monopoly of all the postoffice, telegraph, tele- phone and railway wiring in Italy, and have done most of the electrical insulation work for the various mu- nicipalities. About one-third of their total business is supplying foreign demands. One of their most bril- liant achievements in this line was the conduit work done for the On- tario Power Co., at Niagara Falls, in the United States, to carry the power from the generating to the dis- tributing station. A special type of 5-inch cable was required for this current "of l2,6od volt tension. How- ever, they have since made cables, insulated with sheet rubber, which have stood a tension of 150,000 volts. -\nother interesting bit of work was the laying of a power cable over a pass in the Andes mountains, where they climbed 8,000 feet. Cable laying is ever spectacular, .ind the romantic Latins love to dwell on this feature of their busi- ness; but as a matter of fact this is not the most important branch of Pirelli & Co.'s business. There is probably no article of rubber, gutta- jjercha, asbestos, or balata which they do not make. They have never gone in extensively for footwear, because the happy southerners do not need rubber shoes ; but they supply large quantities of rubber soles for ath- letic shoes, or for the foreign trade. They have always been strong in rubber compounding, in making rubber and gutta- percha solutions, and in taking up new grades of crude rub- ber. They are always glad to analyze and value such sam- ples of rubber sent in by co- lonial explorers. Seeking ever to develop Italian resources, they obtained a quantity of rubber grown in Sicily at the Palermo Experiment Station, and from this made an in- teresting line of hard and soft rubber goods, which they ex- hibited at the Milan Exhibition \Vi)KKi.\(i FuKCE OF Pirelli & Co., at Milan. 40 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1907. amounted to i7,ooo,oeo- lire [=$3,281,000], of which 5,ooo,ooO' lire [=$965,000] was in foreign trade. Their total floor space then was about 702,000 square feet, and they employed about 4000 workers. Most of this, of course, was contained in the Milan works, which cover 583,000 square feet, and employed 3200 laborers. There is reason to believe that Pirelli & Co. will continue to expand even more rapidly than they have done in the past, particularly since they have taken up so actively the manufacture of automobile tires. Pl,.\.M OF IHH O.MAklu Tow tK Co., .\T X l.\G.\k.\, Wllil i'lRELLI C.VBLES. of 1906. Dr. Alberto Pirelli, the son, who is taking charge of his father's business, has braved the dangers of the Amazon valley to study rubber in the initial stages of production. The breadth and depth of their education have been important factors in the success of the Pirelli family. European manu- facturing is thoroughly feudal in character, so that these things mean more than in America. Thus the management of Pirelli .& Co. have made it a constant study to promote the physical and spiritual wellbeing and the safety of the 4,000 or more workers in their employ. Aside from the element of philanthropy, Pirelli Cables at Niagara. they find that such a course pays. Because of this close attention to every detail, Pirelli & Co. have a well ordered house and no labor troubles to interrupt the course of their prosperity. On taking the form of a joint stock company, in 1883, Pirelli & Co. possessed a capital of 2,000,000 lire [=$386,000], which has been increased gradually to the present date. In 1906 the fgures stood at 7,000,000 lire in shares and 3,000,000 lire in de- bentures—a total of 10,000,000 lire [=$1,930,000]. Quite recently the share capital alone has been increased to 10,500,000 lire. According to a statement made a year ago their annual business PRODUCTION OF SULPHUR. A CRISIS is reported to be imminent in the sulphur trade of Sicily. The mines for the most part have been owned for several years past by the Anglo-Sicilian Sulphur Co., Limited, under whose monopoly the sulphur trade for a time was very profitable. But in view of the growing competition of Louisiana sulphur, the wage scale in Sicily was reduced, until the available labor supply has largely been driven from the island, to seek more remunerative work. The problem with the mine owners to-day is how to secure sufficient labor to keep their business going. By the way, the American consumption of Sicilian sul- phur has declined greatly. The importation direct from Italy of crude sulphur in the fiscal year 1901-1902 reached 163,000 tons; in 1905-06 it was only 66,000 tons. There has been some interest of late in the possibility of mining sulphur in the New Hebrides, Pacific islands of volcanic formation, now held by the French. A British subject claiming a lease of all the sulphur mineral lands on Vanua Lava island has served legal warning upon the French Sulphur Mining Co. to stop trespassing by mining sulphur on that island, all of which is set forth in documents sent to The India Rubber World. from the municipality of Pango Bay, with a request to "please notice." The Sulphur Position in England. An English correspondent writes to The India Rubber World: "After doing very well for its shareholders during the ten or eleven years of its existence, the Anglo-Sicilian Sulphur Co. is shortly to go into liquidation — that is, the sort of liquida- tion by which the shareholders do not lose any capital, but rather the reverse. It is common knowledge how the discovery of the Louisiana sulphur deposits has knocked the Sicilian in- dustry, which will now be kept going by government aid. In past times the United States was Sicily's best customer for sulphur, but in 1906 the exports to the States were only 8500 tons, against 170,000 tons a few years ago. However, despite the competition which has arisen, consumers don't seem likely to reap any advantage, and in England at all events prices have remained stationary. It seems as well to say this, as the rubber works might think that their chemical merchants were not being quite fair over the matter. The British rubber manufacturers, as far as sulphur is concerned, may be divided into two classes, (i) those who buy sulphur in bags at the lowest price from gen- eral chemical merchants, and (2) those who buy it specially prepared free from crystals and acid from those who make its preparation a specialty. There are not wanting also those who are very anxious to obtain the latter qualities at the prices quoted for bay sulphur." A BIT OF FACTORY PRACTICE. TO THE Editor of The India Rubber World: In reply to in- quiry No. 429 (on page 19 of your last issue), how to pre- vent rubber from sticking to iron molds during vulcanization, I beg to suggest that your correspondent try a solution of two tablespoonfuls of carbolic acid in a pint of lime water. This I have found efficacious when soap and talc have not given satis- faction. J. W. GARY. No. 160 Hum[>hrey avenue, Bayonne, New Jersey, October 2, 1907. November i, 1907] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 41 The India-Rubber Trade in Great Britain. By Our Regular Correspondent. PASSAGE OF GASSES. HARDLY any original work has been done in this subject in recent years, and modern authors usually quote the experiments of the late Dr. Mitchell, of Philadelphia, and of Graham, of London, when referring to the topic. In a recent paper, however, written in our London contemporary, the ver- satile Dr. Ditmar attacks the subject afresh. Probably the account of the ex- periments and the numerous figures given will not be closely studied by the man of business, and to the scientist it is not particularly reassuring to be told in the last paragraph that the results are in the highest degree remark- able and cannot be satisfactorily explained at present. The matter is not without importance in several branches of the rubber industry, of which hollow balls, gas tubing, and pneu- matic tires may be mentioned. I cannot give the reference, but I am sure some one has proved that gas tubing containing a certain amount of mineral matter is more resistant to the passage of coal gas than is pure rubber. The subject acquires new in- terest for tlie motorist in connection with the use of Parsons's Sparklet inflators, a novelty introduced by the Parsons Non Skid Co., of London. The inflator consists of a solid drawn steel cylinder containing compressed carbonic acid in the liquid form, and by means of the special valve attachment with which it is fitted tires can be rapidly inflated with a minimum of effort up to 80 pounds pressure. With regard to any action of the gas upon the rubber I see no reason at all why anything injurious should be apprehended as long as pure gas is used. With regard to the question of diffusion of gases, according to Dr. Mitchell, gases which are easily liquefied by pressure penetrate rubber most readily. From this we might conclude that the carbonic acid would pass through the tire more readily than air with its large content of nitrogen. The figures given by Graham for their rubber films show that carbonic acid passed 13^4 times as quickly as nitrogen. The conditions in the case of a tire are of course quite different, and against any theories which may be adduced there is practical evidence that tires inflated with carbonic acid have shown no slackening after more than six months use. A MONTH or two ago it was mentioned in these notes that a local firm of repute would probably acquire this concern, situated at Bradford, Manchester, from the BHOADOTROT^& CO., liquidator. A limited company with a capital of £40,000 has now been formed in which Charles Macintosh & Co., Limited, hold a controlling interest, Messrs. P. A. Birley and F. H. Smith being the first directors. As in the case of the new Eccles Rubber Co., in which the Macintosh firm are also largely interested, the Broadhurst company will be run as a separate concern, with its own officials and not merely as a branch of Messrs. Macintosh. From a general point this new flotation would appear to be sound, especially as the Peruvian consul general is on the board. ,. , There is certainly plenty of rubber and THE PERUVIAN , , ,. . '^„ ■' , , of good quality m Peru, and the pro- RUBBER CO. vision of greater facilities for its gather- ing is a much wanted step for its exploitation. With regard to the quality of the rubber the prospectus only mentions IMollendo fine. This is a Hcvea product and the fact that it generally fetches about 2 pence per poimd less than Bolivian fine may be attributed to its after condition. Nothing is said as to the ex- istence on the property of caucho rubber. This grade has of late become popular in England, coming as it does in large quan- tities and of comparatively even quality. I refer to this specially because if this tree occurred largely in the new company's ter- ritory one might expect that an improvement in the procedure of collection might be initiated; that is, the substitution of tap- ping for felling the trees. From a Peruvian official publication I glean that tlie Hevea or "Jebe" rubber trees grow to 20 to 25 meters high. The quality of the product is judged by the color of the latex, the best being violet, and the second quality red or white. The yield depends, among other circumstances, upon the quality of the soil and the altitude where found. It is contended that plantations could be successfully inaugurated if laid out on lines closely approximating to what is found in nature. In September a change took place in the directorate of this company, whose works are situated in Cornwall street, Open- shaw, Manchester, Mr. George Spencer GORTON RUBBER ,...,,, , • havmg jomed the board as managmg CO.. LIMITED. director. Mr. Spencer has held various important positions with Charles Macintosh & Co., Limited, for the last twenty years, more particularly in connection with tires. I understand that the Gorton company intend to double their capacity of output in order to manufacture many other classes of goods besides the tires which have been the principal product of the works so far. That the business previously done is by no means insignificant is seen in the statement that 9000 or 10,000 both of covers and tubes have been turned out per week during the past season. Messrs. Ci-avton Beadle and Henry P. Stevens have con- tributed an artice to the Chemical News dealing with their analyses of solid motor tires. The de- MOTOR TIRE ., ^ , . , tails of the mineral constituents are not ANALYSES. given, and altogether there is little in the paper to which the manufacturer might object as giving away trade secrets. No novelty is claimed by the authors in regard to methods of analysis, and there is nothing in this direc- tion which appears to call for comment. One or two points of a general nature, however, call for notice. The conclusion they draw from their work is that a thorough chemical and physical examination of a tire will lead to a reliable estimation of its value. This conclusion was also arrived at by Messrs. Schidrowitz and Kaye in a paper referred to recently in these notes, and indeed it is difficult to see how any professional chemist could arrive at any other, human nature being what it is. From a purely per- sonal and business point of view I am quite at one with the above authors in their conclusions, but I recognize that it will not be an easy matter to effect the conversion of the tire buying public, to the extent at least of tnaking them pay cheerfully for the analyses. Messrs. Beadle and Stephens make sundry references in their paper to the time occupied by a complete analysis such as is necessary to determine the vulcanization coefficient, and there is very little disposition on the part of the motor tire purchaser to pay the fee, which cannot by any means be considered excessive having regard to the labor involved. Then with regard to the motor car builders, there is less disposition than there was to contract with one tire firm for the supply of tires over a certain period. In miny cases the customers specify which tires they want fitted and the car builder does not concern himself as to their quality. Altogether, important as are the monetary interests involved, there does not seem to be a very fruitful field for the rubber analyst's labors in connection with it, unless per- chance he cares to work at the bed rock prices prevailing now- adays in some other branches of analytical work. There is also another view of the matter which is expressed in no hesitating terms by those sceptical of the analyst's prowess. This is that analysis may give you the component parts of the rubber right enough, but that it is of little value in indicating the wearing capacity or probable longevity of the tire. This is a point which 42 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1907. is obviously open to controversy, but while it remains unsettled it must of necessity militate against the work coming in the rubber analyst's direction. In the course of a recent conversa- tion with the writer, a well known tire manufacturer expressed the opinion that 50 per cent, of the wear and tear of a tire lies in the details of its construction rather than in the actual quality of the rubber, and that the best rubber as shown by analysis if badly manufactured or in conjunction with poor canvas w'ould show up badly in practice compared with a much cheaper rubber mixing made up with the best textile material in the most ap- proved manner. This would apply, of course, more to pneumatic than to solid tires, but it has a general application to our subject. Physical tests are, it should be mentioned, specially referred to by Messrs. Beadle and Stevens as of value, and it is possible that their extended application along with chemical analysis will serve to dissipate the idea of the futility of chemical investigation. The above authors confess to a weak point in analysis and that it is the great difficulty if not impossibility of estimating the amount of reclaimed rubber in a tire mixing. It is acknowledged by them that the use of this material is reprehensible, though this dictum might possibly be challenged by some of the re- claimers. With regard to the particular rubber which has been used they also acknowledged the difficulties confronting the analyst. This latter problem is the more difficult of the two to my mind, but even with regard to reclaimed rubber I should hesitate before making any categorical statement such as would be necessary in a court of law. But to conclude these observa- tions, in one respect at any rate chemical analysis can hardly fail in its purpose ; this is in showing whether two tires sold as of similar composition really answer to this description. If they are not practically identical in composition, analysis will assuredly point out the discrepancies and it is hardly necessary to indicate how much information could be usefully applied in trade circles. Not much has been heard of the Radax tire for some time past, but from a conversation I had recently with Mr. L. John- stone, who has the practical management of the No'^^. Radax company's affairs, it appears that the con- struction of the motor tire is being actively carried on at the works of one of the cable companies, where the necessary plant is available. It is not surprising to hear that owing to the prevailing competition and cut prices nothing is being done with the Radax cycle tire. As already mentioned, Mr. L. Swain has severed his connection with the Dook-Swain Tyre Co., of Ancoats, Manchester. He is now to be found at 277 Deansgate, Manchester. Besides the Parsons non-skid Mr. Swain represents the interests of the Collier tire. I understand that in the last eighteen months, since this tire has been made with beaded edge, it has gained con- siderably in popular favor, as it can now replace other types of tire at the motorist's will. Formerly, when it was bolted on to a special rim, such substitution could not of course be effected. Despite the laudatory press notices which accompanied the evolution of the Halle spring wheel it cannot be said to have proved a success, the complication of its construction being doubtless the main factor which has militated against it. . A new tire fabric, said to be of exceptional strength, has been produced recently by Mr. J. Whittaker, a cotton spinner of Stockport, and if report is to be believed, the mill is unable to respond to the demands made by tire manufacturers for the material. .•\ somewhat new departure is seen in the Thomas solid motor tire made by the Avon India Rubber Co. In this tire provision is made by means of a special rim for expansion all round, and not as in the ordinary tire for expansion at the sides only. By this means it is claimed that a much greater resiliency is obtained. RUBBER INTERESTS IN EUROPE. At a special meeting of the shareholders of the Scottish Vul- canite Co., Limited (Edinburgh), on September 12. it was re- solved to go into liquidation. GREAT BRITAIN. A T the annual meeting of the Premier Cycle Co., Limited ■^^ (.London, September 11), the profit for the last business year was reported at £34,111 [$162,011.82], against £32,420 for the year preceding. These figures cover the operations of the company's branch factory at Xiirnberg, Germany. The directors of British Insulated and Helsby Cables. Limited, announce an interim dividend for the half year ended June 30 last at the rate of 8 per cent, per year. There has been organized among the rubber workers of Edin- burgh a branch of the National Amalgamated Union of Labour. The directors of J. Mandleberg & Co., Limited (Manchester), have declared an interim dividend of 10 per cent, for the half year ended June 19. Mr. Isidor Frankenburg, head of the rubber manufacturing firm of I. Frankenburg & Sons, Limited, of Solford, Man- chester, has consented to serve for the third year in succession as mayor of Salford. GERMANY. Dr. Heinr. Tr.wn & Sohne, successors to the Harburg Rub- ber Comb Co., have been enlarging their two plants at Hamburg and Harburg, as they have been obliged to do so often in order to keep pace with the growth of their trade. A strike was in progress lately at the Asbest- und Gummiwerke Alfred Calmon, .-X.-G.. at Hamburg. Koln-Ehrenfelder Gummiwerke, G. m. b. H., established in 1905 with 390,000 marks capital, has been converted into the Koln-Ehrenfelder Gummiwerke .Aktiengesellschaft, with 1,000,000 marks [=$238,000] capital for the manufacture of a variety of rubber goods. The chairman of the board is M. Streffler, of Cologne. The factory was occupied prior to 1905 as the German branch of the Colonial Rubber Societe Anonyme, having been organized for the manufacture of rubber balls under the Cox patents. L'pon the reorganization of the business in that year Herr Julius Balla, formerly with the "Prowodnik" rubber works at Riga, became the technical director, and the extensive manu- facture of "patent gum" was taken on. FRANCE. SociETE Industrielle du Caoutchouc (63, rue Taitbout, Paris), organized with 1,350,000 francs [=$260,055] capital, and now in its third year, has acquired from Auguste Harispe (who becomes technical director of the company) the sole rights to use his new processes in the rubber manufacture. SWITZERLAND. The firm of R. & E. Huber. whose rubber works at Pfaffikon, in the canton of Zurich, were illustrated in The Indi.\ Rubber World November i, 1905 (page 55) have been succeeded by the Societe Anonyme R. & E. Huber, Manufactures suisses de Cables et Fils electriques, d'Articles en Caoutchouc. During the past two years the buildings of the rubber department have been con- siderably enlarged and the scope of production widened. They are now manufacturing all kinds of hose, packings, mats, brake blocks, perambulator and carriage tires, rubber rolls, erasers, and hard rubber articles and also solid automobile tires. RUSSIA. The Russian-French India Rubber Works "Prowodnik," at Riga, had net earnings of 1,750.148 rubles [^901.326.22] for the business year 1906 and paid IJ per cent, in dividends, against earnings of 1,013.495 rubles [=$521,949.93] in the preceding year, with 8 per cent, dividend., according to St. Petersluirg Ilcrold. AUERICAN TIRES IN ENGLAND. I.\ the directory of rubber tires in the British trade, appearing periodically in The India-Ruhbcr Journal, the products are named of the following American makers : The Fisk Rubber Co.. the G & J Tire Co., the B. F. Goodrich Co., the Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., and the Pennsylvania Rubber Co. No\'EMBER I, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD. 43 The Rubber Planting Interest. INCREASED ACREAGE IN CEYLON. THE proprietors of the Ceylon Observer, having tinished the compilation of their "Handbook and Directory" for 1907- 08, give out a preliminary statement of the area planted to rubber in this colony. Based upon reports made to them by estates managers and, for the most part, verified, the statement embraces 103,000 acres planted to rubber alone, 41,700 acres to rubber planted in tea, and 10,707 to rubber in cacao. There are also certain returns of "rubber trees," instead of acreage. Apply- ing the customary rules of estimating, the whole is equal to 146,632 acres planted to rubber alone, in proprietary estates, besides which the Messrs. Ferguson feel justified in adding 3400 acres in small native lots, making a round total for Ceylon in August, 1907, of 150,000 acres under rubber. Last year's return of rubber on estates was 103,766 acres. PLANTING IN DUTCH NORTH BORNEO. The Sambas Rubber and Gutta-Percha Co., Limited, registered in London August 24, 1907, with £160,000 [=$778,640] capital, was formed to acquire 131,325 acres in the sultanate of Sambas, Dutch North Borneo, and to develop and extend plantations of india-rubber and gutta-percha. Besides the extensive native growths of rubber and gutta, there have been planted 14,501 Hevca rubber trees, 14,499 Ficus elastica, and 35,000 gutta- percha, in the years 1903 to 1905. The purchase price of the con- cessions, from the Cultuur en Handel Maatschappij Siloewas, of Amsterdam, is £75,000, of which the vendors accept £60,000 in shares of the new company. A favorable report on the properties has been made by .Vshmore Russan, a rubber expert of London. There were offered for public subscription on September 2 shares amounting to £55,000. Registered offices : 3 and 4, Fenchurch street, E. C, London. A NEW ENTERPRISE IN GUATEMALA. The West Co.ist Rubber Co., incorporated March 8, 1907, under the laws of New York state with $250,000 capital, has acquired the finca Pufiian de Arrivillaga, consisting of 22,000 acres of forest and pasture lands, in the department of Escuintla, in Guatemala, not far from San Jose, the chief Guatemalan port on the Pacific. The forest lands include a large number of native rubber trees (CastiUoa elastica), in addition to which the former owners, for some ten years, annually scattered rubber seed broadcast, from which many thousands of young trees have been produced. The West Coast company have begun the col- lection of rubber and its regular shipment to New York, and in June planted some 350 acres, putting in rubber seeds "at stake." The officers, all of New York, are Frank E. Morse, president; P. S. Jennings, vice president; and H. S. Stallknecht (No. 16 E.xchange place), secretary and treasurer. The Republic De- velopment Co., who have nearly completed planting 42CO acres in Mexico for the Obispo Rubber Plantation Co., have sub- scribed for one-half the capital stock of the West Coast com- pany and begun the development of Plantation Punian. Mr. Jennings, named above, is president of the Republic Develop- ment Co., and Maxville Riddle, manager of the Obispo planta- tion, is a director in the West Coast company. HAWAIIANS PLANTING IN THE MALAY STATES. Mention was m.ade in this paper recently [February i, 1907 — page 147] of a company formed in Hawaii to establish a plan- tation of Hevca in the Malay peninsula. The promotors. The Waterhouse Co. (Honolulu), have recently floated a second company, Tanjong Olok Rubber Plantation, Limited, incor- porated under the laws of British Columbia, with $140,000 capital authorized, to plant in Johore, on land leased from the govern- ment of that state, which adjoins the Federated Malay States. Tanjong plantation will be on the Muar river, below the noted Lanadron estate of the Messrs. Pears. Dr. E. T. Waterhouse, of Honolulu, is president of the new company; Paul R. Isenberg, vice president; and Fred T. Waterhouse, secretary and treasurer. The estate manager is Frank G. Wallace, some time with the Sandycroft estate. At last accounts 300 acres had been planted to rubber. PLANTING IN EAST SUMATRA. The latest edition of Hallerman's "Adresboek," published in Sumatra, records 44 companies engaged in rubber culture on the east coast of that island, distributed throughout the various dis- tricts thus: Serdang, 17; Langkut, 7; Padang Bedagei, 6; Batoe Bahra, 6; Laboean Batoe, 4; Asahan, 2; Siak, 2. Of these, 14 are planting rubber alone ; the remainder are planting other crops with rubber as follows: Coffee, 19; tobacco, 4; coffee and cocoanuts, 2 ; tapioca, 2 ; groundnuts, i ; coffee and tobacco, I ; cocoanuts, i. planting in JAVA. The Belgisch-Nederlandsche Cultuur- Maatschappij, operat- ing in Java, reported as having planted, at the end of 1906 (since which time considerable more rubber has been put in), about 527 bouws [^1302 acres] in Hevea BrasUiensis, there being 531,422 trees recorded. On the company's estates at Tijrandji, Passir Empoe, and Tjoeroeg the company are planting cocoa- nuts and, as "catch crops," cacao and ground nuts. The com- pany is capitalized at 700,000 florins [^4-8i.400]. good PROGRESS IN HAWAII. The Hawaiian rubber growers have formed an association for the purpose of assisting each other by cooperation. The India Rubber World is informed that the Nahiku Rubber Co., Lim- ited, at Maui, T. H., expect to begin tapping within a year, and by the fall of 1909 W'ill have 100,000 trees ready for tapping, if the rate of growth thus far should continue. The trees under cultivation are Manihot Glaziovii, of which species our cor- respondent writes : "I do not think that there is any place in the world where the 'Ceara' tree has made such a wonderful showing as it is doing here." INTERESTS IN EUBBEH IN PAPUA. The commercial agent for Canada at Melbourne writes that the director of agriculture of Papua, or British Guinea, now under control of the Australian commonwealth, has recently planted for e.xperimental purposes many thousands of Para rubber stumps, from which successful results are predicted. Large areas of land are being taken up by Australian investors in- terested in rubber. A company registered in London August 26, is the Papua Rubber and Gum Syndicate, Limited, with £2,500 capital. EVEN SIAM plants RUBBER. A PRiv.\TE syndicate in Bangkok, after running a rubber estate for 18 months, has formed itself into a company registered at Singapore as the Kombok Rubber Co. PLANTING IN THE FRENCH CONGO. The French colonial governrhent has issued a notice to conces- sionaires in the French Congo engaged in exploiting rubber, calling their attention to the neglect of existing regulations re- quiring a certain amount of rubber planting, in proportion to the exports of crude rubber, the regulations being similar in character to those enforced in the Congo Free State. Not only are the concessionaire companies required to plant rubber as stated, but it is announced that the natives may discharge a por- 44 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1907. tion of the small head tax imposed annually by setting out a certain number of rubber plants. Both the "ireh" trees {Fun- tumia elastica) and lianes (creepers) may be planted. YIELD OF PLANTED RUBBER The yield of plantation rubber is treated in some detail in the Tropical Agriculturist by Ivor Etherington, in a study of the last published annual reports of 41 companies producing rubber in Ceylon and the Federated Malay States. The statistics relate to 1906, and comprise a total yield of 1,164,033 pounds of rubber, ranging from only 851 pounds for one estate to I53>358 pounds, harvested by the Vallambrosa company. [See The India Rubber World, October i, 1907 — page 8.] It is difficult to arrive at the average yield per tree, for the reason that the trees vary in age, and all have not been tapped the saine number of times. It may be of interest, however, to note that on 18 estates 402,801 trees yielded 670,433 pounds of rubber, or ij^ pounds per tree. On the two estates of the Highlands and Lowlands company the following results were obtained, the trees on the second estate being younger than on the other : Trees. Pounds. .\verage. Highlands and Lowlands 38,639 95,333 2.46 Batu Unjor 39,8/4 38,952 97 On the first estate a yield of over 7 pounds per tree was ob- tained from 807 trees planted in 1899 and widely planted over 16 acres. The result of three tappings of these trees was : Pounds. First tapping 2,500 Second tapping 1.469 Third tapping i,773 Total 5,742 Some large yields of Hevea rubber are recorded in the report •of the director of the Ceylon royal botanic gardens for 1906. They result from tapping trees during eleven months (November, 1905-September, 1906), in a series of experiments with different methods and under varying conditions. For instance, three groups of 5 trees each (size and age not stated) were tapped by the long spiral system, each group for a different number of limes, with the average yield per tree of dry rubber stated below : Tapped. 1— — Yield. — -^ First group 270 11 lbs. o ozs. Second group 136 12 " 8 Third group 44 3 " '3 " Fourth group 11 o " 10 One tree, tapped 93 times by the full herring bone method, gave 14 pounds 8 ounces of rubber; two trees tapped 84 times by the same method averaged 15 pounds; and one tree tapped 78 times by the full herring bone method gave 10 pounds 14 ounces. These trees were tapped at different seasons, and with varying tapping areas, most of the details of which do not appear in the report, nor is the condition of the trees after tapping referred to. The figures are given space here merely as showing the rubber yield- ing capacity of Hevea under cultivation. AS TO OVEKPRODUCTION. Writing on this subject, in the preface to the "Tropical In- vestors' Guide" [see The India Rubber World October i — page 19], F. Crosbie Roles says: "In 1908 Ceylon and Malaya may reach the giddy altitude of producing an eightieth part of the world's supply — say 300 tons from Ceylon and 600 tons from Malaya — but the after advance will not be rapid until the large areas planted in 1905, 1906, and 1907 come into bearing in 191 1 and onwards. There may be at the present time 120,000 acres under rubber in Ceylon — 30,000 acres of it widely planted through tea — and the rate of development reached its high water mark in 1906. In other words the extensions this year will be smaller than last year's ; and it is difficult to imagine that Ceylon will ever possess more than 220,000 acres of rubber in full bearing. Even this area will be reached gradually, and only under the •encouragement of sustained good prices, with ample and cheap labor prospects. - - - The annual yield from 220,000 acres of rubber at 140 trees to the acre and V/z pounds of rubber per tree — which is a full estimate of both trees and yield over a large area — is 20,000 tons, realizable possibly in 1820, In the Malay peninsula in the same year 40,000 tons may be produced, with 15,000 tons from the Dutch colonies and Borneo," By this time, Mr, Boles thinks, the uses of rubber will have increased to such extent that the increased output which he forecasts will not amount to overproduction. STATISTICS OF PRODUCTION. 1907, 1906. Pounds. Pounds. Anglo-Malay Rubber : September 22,260 11,300 January-August, inclusive 126,701 53,818 Vallambrosa Rubber : September 17,129 13,769 April-September, inclusive 103,908 55,376 Kepitigalla Rubber Estates : April-June, inclusive 10,141 5,736 Perak Rubber Plantations : April-July, inclusive 7,203 4.,362 P. P. K. {Ceylon) Rubber Estates: January-July, inclusive 7,109 3,273 Highlands and Lo'cdands: .August 25,614 12,625 RUBBER AT AN AGaiCTTLTURAL FAIR. Rubber occupied a position of importance at the fourth annual joint agri-horticultural show in Malaya, held this year at Kuala Kangsar, in the state of Perak, beginning on August 9. Ex- hibitors of Para rubber received awards as follows : Highlands and Lowlands estate, for dry block and wet block ; Vallambrosa estate, dry block; Lanadron estate, dry block; Bukit Rajah Hope estate, crepe rubber. The governor's cup was awarded to .A. D. Machado. Highlands and Lowlands estate and Golden Hope estate won pri7es for rambong (Ficus elastica) rubber. The show was attended by the British high commissioner (Sir John Anderson, K, c, M, c), the sultans of Perak, Selangor, and Johore, and many other notables, all of whom seemed in- terested in the part that rubber is taking in the development of the Malay peninsula. Fifty elephants competed for prizes at the show and the crowds were entertained with moving pictures. NEW SUBSTITUTES FOR LEATHER. THE British Leather Cloth Manufacturing Co., Limited, of Hyde, near Manchester, are marketing in a variety of qualities, colors, and leather grains, a material for upholstering furniture, carriage and motor tops, and also for bookbinding and the like, which they call "Rexine." It is referred to as water- proof, scratchproof, and hygienic, and has been supplied to many branches of the government service in Great Britain, and also to the governments of the colonies and various other countries, and to railways in South America and the Far East. The material belongs to the class of which "pantasote," an American product, is a prominent type. •RUBBERNIT" FOR CARRIAGE TOPS. C. L. Stewart, of Rutland, Vermont, whose waterproofing compound for horse and wagon covers and the like has been re- ferred to in The India Rubber World, has developed specimens of cloth treated by it fitted for hospital sheeting, and heavier types for carriage and automobile tops. This "Rubbernit" fabric is tough, pliable, and apparently durable and is referred to as im- proving with age. Mr. Stewart is prepared to sell his formulas to a waterproofing concern or to organize a new company. Mr. Stewart says : "The spread cloth can be proofed ; there is no vulcanizing; can be made in any color; no noticeable odor; tough and durable ; not sticky in hot weather nor stiff in cold ; will not crack or peel ; wears better than oiled or rubber goods." November i, 1907] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 45 A Leading Rubber Planter. THE portrait on this page is that of Mr. H. K. Rutherford, of London, chairman of the Rubber Growers' Associa- tion recently formed in that city. The objects of this association, by the way, are to promote the mutual consideration and discussion of all questions affecting the members as persons interested in or connected with the growing of rubber, par- ticularly in the Far East, and to watch over and protect such interests, and to do all such other lawful things as are incidental or conducive to the attainment of these objects. The occasion seems appropriate for placing before the readers of The India Rubber World a brief summary of the work of one of the leading men now engaged in the cultivation of rubber. Mr. Rutherford went out to India in i86g and was engaged there and in Ceylon for many years as a civil engineer, in the construction of railways. Like many Scotchmen, however, he was not afraid of turning from the procession in which he had been trained and devoted his talents into a field where he saw greater opportunities for success. His first venture in tropical agriculture was in the growing of cinchona which in the "eighties" promised a rich re- ward to those who ventured into it. These hopes, however, were not realized, and although a few planters did well at the start, the whole industry, in a few short years, died out, and at this time no cin- chona or quinine bark is grown in Ceylon The subject of our sketch then ventured into what, in those days, was the some- what speculative course of opening up land in the low country of Ceylon for tea, in connection with a few other engineers wlm were partners with him in the railway con- tracts. Success crowned the venture ami the lands they then opened up, and after- wards acquired or amalgamated, now form what is known as the premier tea company of Ceylon, viz., the Ceylon Tea Plantations Co., Limited, with a £248,460 [==$1,209.- 130.60] capital paid in. Mr. Rutherford has been chairman and managing director of this company practically from its incep- tion. It has paid regular dividends of 15 per cent, for the last twenty years. Added to its magnificent tea estates it has now some 2000 acres planted with rubber and its iio shares stand in the market at £36. The company's production of tea in 1906 was 4,671,371 pounds, besides other crops. Mr. Rutherford was early in the field in planting rubber in the Federated Malay States, and has considerable interests there and in Java and Ceylon in various rubber concerns. He is chairman of the Bukit Rajah Rubber Co., Limited ; The Federated ( Se- langor) Rubber Co., Limited; The Seafield Rubber Co., Limited, and The Batu Caves Rubber Co., Limited. He is also a director of The Pelmadulla Rubber Co., Limited; The Java Rubber and Produce Co., Limited; The North Hummock (Selangor) Rubber Co., Limited, besides being interested in several other companies dealing in tropical produce, including an important coffee growing company in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, on whose estate some 400 acres have been planted to rubber this year. Several of the rubber companies named above are harvesting rubber, the Bukit Rajah estates alone having yielded 118,982 pounds last year. It may be added that some of the rubber planted among the tea by the Ceylon Tea Plantations Co. is also now in tapping. Mr. Rutherford is 61 years of age and ear!}' in the present Rutherford. [Chairman of the Rubber Growers' .\ssociation ^London), .mid of important rubber and tea plantir.g companies.] year made a trip to Ceylon and the Federated Malay States. On that occasion he visited every property with which he was con- nected, and was thereby able to inform the shareholders in the various companies exactly how matters stood on each, and also to instil a degree of confidence among them which probably few other directors could have done. Mr. Rutherford's views on the capabilities of the East with regard to the future of rubber have been expressed in his many utterances and writings, and have from time to time been given to our readers of this journal. He is a firm believer that Eastern planters will in time be able to successfully compete against all comers in the various markets of the world, owing to the fact that labor is so much cheaper there than in other rubber producing countries. Java he expects to be the cheapest producer, Ceylon next, followed by the Fed- erated Malay States. Having been so long, however, connected with tropical agriculture and seen its many vicissitudes, he does not shut his eyes to the fact that the unexpected may happen in rubber also. The risk of disease to the trees of the Hevea variety, owing to the species not being indigenous to the Eastern hemisphere, the risk of labor troubles when the vast areas planted and being planted come to the producing stage, and the possibility of a substitute for rubber being discovered must all be weighed up and taken into the consideration of any one embarking in the industry. The office of the secretary of the Rub- ber Growers' Association, it may be men- tioned here, is at i, O.xford court. Cannon street, E. C, London. PLANTING MISCELLANEA. Dr. J. C. Orcutt. writing from the Unca "La Luisa" to the Mexican Investor, notes the result of measuring 30 four year old Castilloa trees, at two different dates. On May 27 last their- average circumference was a fraction over 21 inches ; on August 8 they averaged just 3 inches more, or i-i inches. Dr. Orcutt says the trees were four years old (from seed) about July I, and he estimates their average girth on that date at 225-^ inches. The schools of instruction in rubber es- tablished by the government of French West Africa for the benefit of the natives, have been referred to in this journal. A recent decree provides for their extension to the colony of French Guinea. There are two periods of instruction yearly: (i) In rubber planting and culture, during June and July; (2) in the tapping of rubber trees, coagulation, and preparation for market, during October, November, and December. At the end of the second period the rubber collected is sold and the proceeds divided among the pupils. Recently an illustrated lecture on rubber culture in Mexico was given before a large audience in London by Mr. Alfred Berry, of the Chilean Exploration and Development Syndicate, Limited, which controls, it is stated, some important rubber enterprises in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. Vacuum driers are being offered to the rubber planters of the Far East having a capacity up to 330 pounds of wet rubber at a charge. A Ceylon newspaper, reporting the settlement of the estate of a local planter lately deceased, prints an inventory of his property, including 538 shares, in no less than five large rubber planting companies. 46 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1907. COMMERCIAL VEHICLE TRIALS. THE commercial vcliicie trials in England, which came to an end during the past month, under the auspices of the Royal Automobile Club, have concentrated the attention of the public and the trade alike to a very large degree upon this type of self- propelling vehicles and the net result can hardly fail to be an increased demand for motor cars for commercial purposes. Of the judges, 8 represented the Automobile Club, 5 the Commercial Motor Users' Association, and one the Society of Motor Manu- facturers and Traders, so that the trials were a matter of con- cern to many interests. As officially stated — "The object of the trials is to demonstrate in a convincing manner the advantages of mechanical haulage over horse haulage for the transport of freight, and to show the great progress which has been made in the construction of commercial motor vehicles, particularly in matters of efficiency, economy, and re- liability." Twenty-nine competitors entered 60 cars, of various types and capacity, of which 56 actually started. Forty of the cars were of British manufacture, that countr\- having been always to the fore Every report that has come to hand relates in some way to the tire feature, and fairly representative of the prevailing sentiment, perhaps, is the following paragraph from The Commercial Motor, a London journal which has given special interest to the late trials : "The Triumph of Rubber. "We have already referred at some length to the revolution in transport which the self-contained, rubber-tired, petrol vehicle for S-ton loads may cause in existing conceptions of the possi- bilities in long-distance haulage, and we would now direct the special attention of all who are following our reports to the re- markable advantages which are conferred by the use of solid- rubber tires. We detect the fact that many tendencies and con- siderations are in the direction of the rubber-tired, high-speed lorry. Absence of noise, reduced general maintenance, lighter vehicles, and greater performance are all coming within the scope of practical politics by reason of recent improvements in the manufacture of such tires, and as a sequel to reductions in their cost. Right as both their first cost and their maintenance may appear to the casual enquirer, he who enquires further will incline to the view that, except in the case of the very heaviest axle- loads, where speeds are restricted to five miles an hour, the extra outlay upon rubber tires is more than recouped in the results which they alone render possible." The tire equipment of the 60 cars entered is stated by one of the motor car journals to have been as follows: Shrewsbury & Oialliner. .. . g Turner i Sirdar 6 Gaulois (French) 5 De Nevers 6 Continental (.German) 3 Dunlop 2 Polack (German) II Palmer Cord I Peters Union (German).... 3 Besides, two cars were equipped with Dunlop tires on the front and De Nevers on the rear wheels. .\t the Commekci.\l Vehicle ■rRi.\Ls. [The Thames van entered by The Palmer Tyre, Limited. The body rep- resents a section of ;he well known Palmtr Cord 'ire, and the whole forms a specially smart little van. The ch;ssis is a standard 15 cwt. to- 12 H. p. Thames, with the back axle and springs specially strengthened to carry 20 cwt. The van was equipped with Palmer Cord tires — 35x5 inches front and 32x5 inches rear.] in the construction of commercial vehicles. The touring began from London on September 9 and ended there on October 12, being divided into 22 road trips, touching at all the principal towns in England, and covering 34 secular days. At eight of the towns at which stops were made formal "exhibitions" of com- mercial motor vehicles were held. The awards were to consist of Royal .Automobile Club medals and special prizes, based upon markings under 18 heads, all relating to practicability and economy of operation. It would appear that the matter of tiros was not taken into account in marking points for the awards, though tires have been very much discussed in connection with the trials. Nearly all the entries were equipped with rubber tires ; a few heavy steam lorries had steel tires, and one or two had wooden block treads. A few vans had pneumatic tires, front and rear, and some others pneumatics in front and solids in the rear. For the most part, however, solids were used, for the most part with "twin" tires on the rear wheels. No less than 41 of the whole number entered were thus equipped. The average sizes were 34 X 4 inch single or twin tires for two ton vehicles ; for the three ton vans 34 X 4J^ inches on the front and 40 X 4 inches on the rear wheels. THE RETURN OF THE BICYCLE. I N an article on bicycle tires the well edited Sporting Goods * Dealer (St. Louis) says: "With the discussion of tires our attention is called to the bicycle as a side line for the dealer in sporting goods. It is probable that there is not a line that the dealer could handle on the side which is more easily sold or more profitable to handle than an up-to-date and attractive stock of such. The demand for good, easy running, responsive bicycles has increased enormously within the past two years. There are more bicycles being used, and every day is seeing more of them purchased, so that the sporting goods dealer who fails to grasp this opportunity of adding to his trade and profits is surely wil- fully blind. Let him look around for himself; let him note the number of bicycle clubs that are being forined ; let him note the interest of the buying public — the real, live, human interest, and he will agree that more bicycle enthusiasm is now being displayed than for a term of years. And this condition does not exist only in one locality', but the situation is the same the world over. No, we do not see anything but good times ahead for the bicycle, and the dealer who will take up the line in dead earnest. Cycling has come into its own again, and is strongly and distinctively all right." Collecting a Bill for Tires. — A citizen of Denver, though reputed wealthy, allowed a bill for a set of automobile tires to become so long overdue that the dealer became more than im- patient, says Motor World. One morning this same citizen, leav- ing his car at the curb while visiting a friend's office, was sur- prised on coming out to find the tires missing from it. He called the police, who traced the tires to the firm who had sold them, and who told the police that they had simply taken back a set of tires for which they had been unable to collect payment, and cancelled the invoice. November i. 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 47 New Rubber Goods in the Market. VOLLEY BALL. THIS is one of the newer games and is one which lends itself equally to indoor and outdoor sport. It partakes somewhat of both tennis and handball, and hence is sure to be popular with devotees of both sports. One of the charms of the game is tliat it may be engaged in by any number of per- sons. As it is new and preeminently fitted for the gymnasium or exercise hall, it is obvious that it will be much practised dur- ing the coming winter. Its simplicity does not exclude any, as the game consists of keeping the ball in motion over a high net, from one side to the other. The ball is made in the regulation size of white leather with pure rubber bladder, in two grades of leather. The list price is from [.\. J. Reach Co., Philadelphia.] Re.\1 U \ IJI.I.EV Ball. $2.50 to $4 each. ■•EMPIRE' TIRE REPAIRER AND PAD. Many a tire blowout has been prevented by placing a pro- tector over a tire that is on the point of developing a break in the fabric, and to this end the "Empire" protector has been placed on the market. It is strongly made, having a heavy rubber tread and i? warranted to withstand a great amount of service. Empire Tire Repairer. Tire Pad. It is made for 2J/2, 3. y/2, 4, 4^/2, and 5 inch tires. The pad is intended to be placed inside the outer case when the fabric is broken. It should always be used in connection with a tire pro- tector, as it will prevent damage to the tube through coming in contact w'ith the broken fabric. [Empire Automobile Tire Co., Trenton. Xew Jersey.] COMPLEXION BRUSH. One of the great secrets of perfect health is now conceded by the profession to be found in a knowledge of sanitary laws and adherence to them. In no particular is this knowledge and its corresponding enforcement so necessary as in the care of the body, as in the bath, for example. It is important to keep the pores of the skin free from dust, and this, it is claimed, cannot be satisfactorily done with the ordinary cloth or sponge, but a certain amount of friction is needed in order to assure cleanliness. The friction also serves another purpose, that of stimulating circulation. With this end in view many bath appliances have been put on the market, but in no field is there greater activity in the output than in the rubber industry. In so large a percentage of cases the rubber comple-xion and massage brush seems "to fill the bill." One of these brushes that is much used is the one manufactured by the Penn- sylvania Rubber Co.. Jeannette, Pennsylvania. Co.MPLExiu.N Brush. A KAZOR IN A RUBBER CASE. For the man who shaves himself, the Arnold Fountain Safety Razor lays claim to many superior advantages; and to the man who does not shave himself, this razor may offer reasons why he should. It is in effect a combined regular and safety, with the advantages of both and some that are peculiar to itself. In its case it has the shape and size and exact appearance of a hand- some gold mounted fountain pen, and as such can be easily Arnold Fountain Safety Razor. carried in the vest pocket, and thereby the possibility of traveling without it or of the annoyance of being cumbered with various attachments is overcotne. And there are no delicate parts to get out of order and no detached parts to lose. The case is made of the best vulcanized rubber, handsomely chased, [.'\rnold Safety Razor Co., Reading, Pennsylvania] "ECLAIR" PUMP CONNECTION. The average tire pump connections have been found to leak more or less, and also that the leak increases with the pressure. With the new "Eclair" connection the exact opposite obtains, for as the pressure increases the air in the compression chamber expands the rubber washer, which is an integral part of the connection, and so augments its adhesion to the tire valve. In short, the law upon which its construction is based is that the harder one pumps the more perfect the connection. The attach- ment to the tire valve is made by simply pressing it on, and its "Eclair" Pump Con- nection. "Eclair" Pump Connection Dis- assembled. removal is just as simple. It merely has to be pulled off. No screwing or unscrewing has to be done. The apparatus con- sists of a compression chamber hermetically sealed by a rubber washer of special construction. This washer is held in place by a metal disc which is screwed into a removable ring placed over the compression chamber, and is drawn up tightly against a flange by means of a metal disc. It might be supposed that this rubber w-asher would readily wear out and lose its usefulness, but on the contrary its life seems to be most enduring. It is said to have been tested exhaustively with the result that from 4000 to 5000 inflations are necessary before the substituting of a new washer. This substitution can be made, however, in a moment's time. It can be attached to any pump and fits any tire valve. [Leon Rubay, No. 1697 Broadway. New York.] 48 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1907. STEEL ARMORED IGNITION CABLE. This is something that is new in the way of cables and is covered by recent patents. It consists of a special rubber cable protected by a flexible steel armor. Several layers of rubber alternate with layers of a new compound, and the whole is cov- ered by a paraffined waterproof braid. The last braid is em- braced by a strong steel armor which, although protecting the cable against injury, does not by any means interfere with its flexibility. The steel armor is brought into conducting con- nection with the ground by means of a wire coiled around it. The advantage of this invention manifests itself in an increase of the spark in the plug, in some cases more than doubling its efficiency, it is said. The application of the smaller size to the primary circuit brings the spark in the circuit breaker, resulting from a poor coil to complete disappearance, thus lengthening the /•RUBBER ______ 5TEEL ARMOR Steel Armored Ignition Cable. life of the circuit breaker. The cable is sold cut to the desired length for each motor and iitted out with special terminals ready to be hooked to the engine without any additional work whatso- ever. It is now being used in some of the large American and European automobile factories. [Herz & Co., Nos. 203-205 Lafayette street, New York.] Bv PORTABLE WHEEL TANK FOR GASOLENE. the use of this tank the old method of drawing gasolene from a tank into an open can and then transferring this to the desired car is done away with entirely, likewise its attending dangers. To meet the demand for a safe and convenient method of filling a number of cars with gasolene, this tank has been perfected, and so far fa- cilitates the labor of the garage that each car may be filled without the necessity of moving any. The tank can be wheeled to any part of the garage, or if desired, to the curbing, to fill the car of some transient autoist. And the best part of it all is that the gasolene is never ex- posed to the air. In or- der to fill the wheel tank the gasolene hose, at- tached to the hose noz- zle of a long distance ])ump, is inserted and tlie desired amount is drawn, and the gallon meter on the pump will register the amount of gasolene delivered to the wheel tank, preventing any over- flow and serving as a check on the garage attendant. Then, wheeling the tank to the car to be filled, the gasolene hose is inserted in the reservoir of the car and the required amount pumped. The discharge register on the pump will tally the number of gallons delivered at each operation. The receptacle on the front of the tank is provided for the office copy of the charge slip, and is locked and can only be opened by the person authorized to attend to it and provided with a key. The hose Wheel T.\nk for G.\solene. provided with each outfit is especially constructed to withstand the destructive effects of gasolene. The nozzle which is inserted in the reservoir of the car is so placed that evaporation is pre- vented and a shut-off screw controls the gasolene supply at the pump and also at the car. The wheels and also the guide wheels are provided with rubber tires, and each tank is provided with a magnetic gage which tells at a glance the amount of gasolene remaining. [S. F. Bowser & Co., Inc., Fort Wayne, In- diana.] TIRE TRUNK AND COAT RAIL BAG. The perfect safety of this little tire trunk is one of the strongest appeals it makes to the autoist. First, it is so con- structed that the cover locks and then the trunk is locked to the spare tire into which it fits, although it can be carried on the Nath.nn Tire Trunk, \3^ ,. N.\TH.\N Coat Rail Bag. top of cars with stationary tops. Inner tubes and the many other articles indispensable to the tourist may be easily and safely placed in this receptacle and, though out of the way when not in use, most accessible in the time of need. It is made in two sizes, each being made in two depths. For 30 and 32 inch tires there is the 6 inch depth, and for 34 and 36 inch tires the 9 inch depth. Besides black enamel, the trunks can be made in colors — maroon, blue, red, green, white, yellow and French grey. One of the illustrations shows the trunk in position and partly opened. The Coat Rail Bag is also a useful ac- cessory. It is suspended from the coat rail of the car and does not interfere with the use of the rail. The bags are all made 24 inches long and 24, 30, and 36 inches wide, according to the width of the rail. The two large pockets can be used to carry road maps, veils, caps, gauntlets, and the like, while in the small pockets the goggles and smaller articles may rest securely. Hats, coats, and other articles may be stored in the bags, as occasion may require. They are made of grey mackin- tosh, black rubber cloth, and fabric leather in colors. [Nathan Novelty Manufacturing Co., Nos. 84-90 Reade street. New York.] A PNEUMATIC HELMET. Track cycle racing, paced by motor bicycles, which is still in vogue in various parts of Europe, ranks among the most danger- ous sports of the day. This sport particularly is referred to as having been the cause of bringing into existence the pneumatic helmet, which consists of a leather cap shaped like a football, containing a rubber bladder. This is pumped up, .nnd if the motor-cyclist is precipitated against a w-all the rublier buffer saves his neck. NuVEMEER I, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 49 Recent Patents Relating to Rubber. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. ISSUKD SEPl'EMBEU 3, 190;. NO. 864,841. Vehicle rim [with tire retaining means]. L. B. Gast and j. Gast. Jr., Akron, Ohio. 864.^11. Vehicle whtel rim [ftr pneumatic tires]. J. M. Padgett, Topeka, Kans. 864,919. Adjustable hose nozzle. C. R. Ross, assignor of one-tliird to Ada K. Slreeter, both of Kansas City, Mo. 864,926. Cellular pneumatic lire. L. C. Schoonmaker, Perham, Minn. 864,952. Storm front for vehicles. O. A. Charles, assignor to Rex Shield and Mfg. Co., both of Conncrsvillc, Ind. 864,983. Spare tire holder for autonnjbikt.. J.. P. McKinley, assignor of one-half to J. L. Snow, both of Boston. 864,988. Milking machine and connections. F. Raven, Korrumburra, Vic- toria. 865,028. Vehicle tire [tread composed of rubber blocks], G. O. rankboner. Cleveland, Ohio. ^65.039. Means for securing soft tread tires to rims. F. M. Hilton, J. S, Hilton and W. M. Hilton, assignors of one-half to H. Musser, all of Akron, Ohio. 865,134. Rubber tire setter. H. L. Stcup, Ypsilanti, Mich. 865,137. Shower bath apparatus. Nannie L. Wallen, Chicago. 365,146. Hose nozzle. H. M. Albee, Nutley, N. J. 865,184. Firehose holder. J. Kenkn, New York city. 865,288. Tread for pneumatic tires. E. K. Baker and C. G. Hawley, Chicago. 865,306. Means for securing soft tread tires to rims. F. M. Hilton, J. S. Hilton, and W. W. Hilton, assignors of one-half to Harvey Musser, all of Akron, Ohio. 865,326. Pneumatic tire casing or shoe. E. K. Baker and C. G. Hawley, Chicago. Trade Marks. 19,608. Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft, Untertiirkheim, Germany. The word Mercedes. For sheet rubber, rubber tires, and foot wear and other articles of rubber. 28.742. The Goodytar's Metallic Rubber Shoe Co., Naugatuck, Conn. Fancy shield bearing the words lyalcs Goodyear. For rubber footwear. 28.743. T/ii" savic. The words "Wales Goodyear." For rubber footwear. 29,185. Pacific Coast Rubber Co., Seattle, Wash. The words Red Dezil. For rubber tires and inner tubes. ISSUED SEPTEMBER 10, 1907. 865,355. Spraying device. I. Callman and JT. Sabatelli, New York city. 865,396. Resilient wheel [with rubber cushioned tread]. H. Klingltr, Sitterdorf, Switzerland. 865,411. Cushion tire wheel. C. A. Marien, St. Louis. 865,422. Horseshoe pad. J. B. McArdlc, West Orange, N. J. 865,443. Tire shield. T. J. Sprinkle, Hillsboro, Ohio. 865,458. Mold for pneumatic tires. F. Veith, Veithwerk, Germany. 865.497. Pipe coupling and method of applying tht- same. D. M. Kenyon, assignor of one-half to J. B. Etherington, both of Bradford, Pa. 865.498. Implement for coupling pipe. Same. 865,507. Horseshoe [with pad]. M. A. Liebert, New York city. 865,615. Air brake hose coupling. E. W. Shaw, Weir, Kans. 865,682. Wheel [having rubber cushions within a steel tirej. H. Cramer, Sonora, Cal., assignor to Cramer Wheel Co., San Francisco. 865.698. Rubber vehicle tire. [Clincher tyke, with filling of cellular cellu- lose.] J. J. Hendler, Chicago, assignor to Tiger Tire Co., a corpora- tion of New York. 865.699. Rubber wheel tire. Same. 865,743. Tire. [Tubular case, with plurality of separate yicldint: supports within.] W. T. Wood, Nashville, Tenn. 865.764. Eraser holder. M. F. Creahan, Philadelphia. 865.765. Wheel for road vehicles [having a resilient tire within the sttel tread]. J. Davies, Birmingham, England. Trade Marks. The American Wringer Co., New York city. The following for marking -the kinds of goods specified: 24,041. The word Household. For mangles. 24,043. The word Eclipse. For clothes wringers and mangles. 24,045. The word Gem. For bench wringers. -24,048. The word Keystone. For clothes wringers. 24.049. The words No. G Climax 340 in border. For clothes wringers. 24.050. The word Colonial in fancy bordtr. For clothes wringers. 24.051. The words Xo. Daisy 120 in border. For clothes wringers. -24,052. The word Mascotte. For clothes wringers. 24.053. The words No. C Ideal 140 in border. For clothes wringers. .24,053. The word E.rcelsior. For clothes wringers. 24,057. The Utter C and the figure 1 in diamond shaped enclosure. For clothes wringers. 24>i53- The letter B and figures iiJ/$ in diamond shaped enclosure. For clothes wringers. 29,396. Sawyer Belting Co., Cleveland, Ohio. The word Flexo-Tractine. For dressings for canvas, leather and rubber belts. ISSUED SEPTEMBER 17, 1907. 865,996. Mask. R. K, Catt, Abbottsford. Victoria. 866,006. Strip guide for elastic fabrics. A. H. DeVoc, Elizabeth, N. J., assignor to The Singer Mfg. Co. 866,009. Tire. [Pneumatic, with puncture resisting cushion within the tread.] W. I. Dreisbach, Williamsport, Pa. 866,134. Tire protector. W. H. Hoffmann, New York city. 866,127. Horseshoe pad. M. D. Glassbrooke, Angola, Ind. 866,297. Pneumatic tire. G. Noyes. Mandan, N. D. 866,438. Shaving brush. R. L. Davis, Star, N. C. 866,517. Manufacture of tubular or hollow bodies from plastic materials. L. H. Rentzsch, Meissen, Germany. 866,539. Repair device for pneumatic tires. P. C. Traver, assignor to M. P. McNamara. both of New Ycrk city. 866,579. Milking machine. L. Burrell, assignor to D. H. BurrtU & Co both of Little Falls, N. Y. 866.598. Rubber overshoe. J. D. Price, assignor of one-half to H. G. Powell, both of Cleveland, Ohio. Trade Marks. 20,710. George A. Alden & Co.. Boston. A wheel, over which are the words One Wheel Brand. For crude india-rubber and gutta-percha. 29.U5- Revere Rubber Co., Boston. The word Rcvcro. For belting. hose, and machinery packings compcsed of rubber. 29,254. Eberhard Fabtr, New York city. The word Emerald. For rubber (.rasers. ISSUED SEPTEMBER 24, 1907. 866.758. Art or process of reclaiming scrap or waste vulcanized rubber. O. A. Wheeler, Austin, 111., assignor to himself, F. W. Garlick, C. I. Bear, and W. A. Vail, Chicago. 866.759. Art or process of reclaiming scrap on waste vulcanized rubber. Same. 866,867. Cushion heel feicesler. 10,986 (1906). Molding tire covers. F. Veith. Veithweik, Odenwald. Germany. 11.049 (1906). Pneumatic tire tread. H. J. and F. E. Jones, Leytenstone. 11.050 (1906). Elastic (not pneumatic) tire. H. J. and F. E. Jones, Leytenstone. •11,105 (1906). Horseshoe pad. T. W. J. McGann, Washington city. •11,106 (1906). Horseshoe pad. T. W. J. McGann. Washington city. 11,115 (1906). Sectional elastic tire. A. T. Collier. St. .Mbans. and Reilloc Tyre Co.. London. 11,145 ((1906). Puncture closing composition for tires. P. Rensch, Con- senheira, Germany. 11,165 (1906). Massage apparatus. A. N. Gore, East Finchley. [Abstracted in the Illustrated Official Journal, September ii, 1907.] II. 167 (1907). Cable for diving apparatus. J. Holman. London. ri,20& (1906), Belt fastener. C. H. Griffiths, ilanchester. 1 1,225 (1906). Burglar alarm. P. Brauer, Wittenberge, Ciermany. 1 1,239 (1906). Valve with rubber parts. W, H. Bushell, London, and L. R. S. Tolman, Putney Hill. 11,252 (1906). Detachable rim for tires. J. F. Janes, London. *ii,273 (1906). Self-staling pneumatic tire. A. Dow, New York city. 11.306 (1906). Pneumatic tire. H. J. Lawson, London. •11.360 (1906). Joint-making packing. A. X. Hartmann, Paterson, New Jersey. 1 1 .378 (1906) . 11 use coupling. J. O. Spong, London. 11,444 (1906). Pneumatic tire cu\er, of leather. E. L. Harris, London. 11,451 (1906). Bottle stopper washer. C. H. Gray, India Rubber, Gutta Percba and Telegra])h Works Co., Limited. Silvertown, London. 11)537 (1906). Spring wheel with elastic tire. E. Peltier, Sceaux Robin- son, France. 11.537 (1906). Tire composed of several pneumatic tubt-s. J. A. Mays, Hampstead. *ii,665 (1906). Removable inextensible rim flange. J. G. Lorrain, London. (R. P. Scott. Cadiz, Ohio.) 11,671 (1906). Anti skidding device. T. Browett. London. 11,687 (1906). Suspension wheel with rubber tread surface. E. Batault, Geneva, Switzerland. 11,720 (1906). Kim for solid rubber tires. iL H. Hora, London. 11,747 (1906). Elastic tire. A. T. Eyton, Holywell. Flintshire. 11,752 (1906). Pn.uinatic lire. R. Ruwet and E. Sabatier, Lacken, Belgium. 11,809 (1906). Elastic tire. F. G. Garrett, Southall, Middlesex. *ii,825 (1906). Spring wheel with rim connected to the felloes by elastic balls or plugs. P. A. Newton, London. (H. Bell, Stamford, Connec- ticut. ) [.Abstracted in the lLLrsTR.\TED Official Journal, September iS. 1907-] 11.923 (1906}. Pneumatic tire. F. A. Ellis, Kennington, London. 11.924 (1906). Xon skid studs for pneumatic tire. H, Bremer, Neheim- on-the-Ruhr, Germany. *ii,94i (1906). Vulcanizing rubber to leathtr. C. F. ButterfieUl, Boston, Massachusetts. *Ti,96o (1906). Spring wheel with tread of rubbered fabric. L Hodgson, Minneapolis, Minnesota. 12.029 (1906). Hose pipe. G. W. Parker. Hendham Vale Works, Man- chester. 12,073 (1906). Golf ball. C. T. Kingzett, Kensington, and E. P. King- zett, Caterham, Surrey. 12,198 (1906). Wheel rim with detachable flange. ^L Korth. Cologne, Germany. 12,251 (1906). Metal protector for pneumatic tires. A. Lauener, Neu- chatel, Switzerland. 12.272 (1906). Golf ball. P. A. Martin, Birmingham, and J. Stanley, Balsall Heath. 12,330 (1906). Tire tread composed of a series of rubber blocks. T. Ske, Newton-le- Willows. Lancashire. 12,389 (igo6). Spring wheel with rubber tread. W. S. Boult. Wandsworth Common. 12,399 (1906). Gami-lawn billiards and the like. T. L. Hague. Conway, North Wales. '12.406 (igo6). Storage for spare tires on motor vehicles. ^L I'hrct, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 374 374: 374 374 374 374, 374, 374i 375 375 375 375 375 THE FRENCH REPUBLIC. Pate.vts IssiEi- (With Dates of Application). 515 (Feb. 13, 1907). Gamier. Elastic tire. .468 (Jan. 30). W. H. Bronlow. Artificial rubber. ,549 (Feb. 11). Goodacre, Robertson and Blackburn. Clincher he-ad. .635 (Feb. xa). E. Vetter. Protective anti-skid. .679 (Feb. 15). Devarennes. Detachable rim. 769 (Feb. 16^. C. V. Petit. Cushion wheel. ,782 (Feb. iS). W. H. Bird. Elastic tire. ,957 (Feb. 22). Societe Indusarie-lle des Telephones. Cushion tiie. .085 (Feb. 26). E. A. Thiebault. Elastic tire. .118 (Feb. 27). Societe dite Raffineries Reunies de Caoutchouc. Rubber extracting process. 208 (Jan. 7). F. A. Mongin. Anti-skid. 222 (Jar. 22). H. H. Boyie. Detachable rim. 234 (Feb. 9). H. Tanghe. Clincher tire. [Note. — Printed copies of specifications of French patents may be ob- tained from R. Bobet. Ingenieur-Counseil. 16 avenue de Villiers, Pans, at 50 cents each, postpaid.] November i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 51 The Obituary Record. HORACE H. TYER. HORACE H. TYER, president of the Tyer Rubber Co. (Andover, Massachusetts), died at his summer home, Pigeon Cove, Mass., on Friday, October 4, at the age of 63. Mr. Tyer was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, in 1844, at the time that his father, one of the pioneers in rubber, was engaged in business there with Horace H. Day. Indeed, the son was christened Horace H. Day Tyer, although he never used the full name. .\bout 1856 or 1857 Henry George Tyer, the father, l)egan the HoR.^CE H. Tyer. Rid. a. Zietz manufacture of rubber goods, first in Ballardvale and then in Andover, Mass., making the latter town his home. Here his son Horace attended Phillips Academy, from which institution he was graduated and at once entered his father's factory to learn the business. On the death of his father, which occurred in 1880, he became treasurer of the company, and in 1882 was elected to the presidency of the company, which office he filled up to the time of his death. Mr. Tyer married Miss Katherinc L. Buss, of Medford, Mass.. who survives him, together with two daughters and a son. The latter, Henry G. Tyer. who was named after his grandfather, is at present connected with the factory end of the Tyer Rubber Co., and is learning the business. The funeral services were held at Christ Episcopal Church, .Andover, the Rev. Frederick Palmer, rector, officiating, music being furnished by the vested choir of boys. The honorary pall- bearers were the Hon. John N. Cole, speaker of the Massachu- setts house of representatives ; Natharwel Stevens, Frederick H. Jones, Frank T. Carlton, the Rev. F. R. Shipman, and T. Dennie Thompson. The bearers were the superintendents and heads of departments of the Tyer Rubber Co., and were eight in number. The interment was in the family lot at Christ Church Cemetery, Andover. Mr. Tyer was a director in the Andover National Bank, trustee of the Andover Savings Bank, trustee of the Punchard Free School, president of the Andover Press, and senior warden of Christ Episcopal Church. Although he was not widely known in the rubber trade, those who did know him appreciated fully what a sterling character his was. It was difficult for him to mix with men because of a natural reserve that amounted to almost a shyness. At the same time he never shirked public duties, and in a quiet, unostentatious way proved himself a friend to scores and was ever a champion of the right in town and business affairs. Not possessed of the pioneer spirit of his father, the founder of the company, he very wisely became a conservative, but one who never strove to handi- cap or lessen the enterprise or energy of those with whom he was associated. To those who knew him best he showed a char- acter simple, wholesome, and lovable, and his death at a com- paratively early age is a calamity. The New England Rubber Club, of which he had long been a member, at a special meeting passed the following resolutions : Whereas. The sad news of the sudden death of our friend and fellow member, Horace H. Tyer, lias come as a great shock to the members of the New England Rubber Club — the son of one of the honored l>ioneers in his particular branch of the rubber in- dustry, and himself intimately connected with our Hade during his entire business career, and presi- dent uf his own organization for the part quarter nf a ctntury, his loss will be most keenly felt by all w ho have had the privilege of personal or business .issociations with him. Resolved, That this Club extend to his family its ' sincere and most heartfelt sympathy. Resolved. That these resolutions b^ spread upon tlie records of the Club, and copies engrossed and sent to his family and to his business associates. GEORGE P. WHITMORE, Chairman, ELSTON E. WADBROOK, ALEX.\NDER H. PAUL, Committee en Resolutions. Resolutions of regret were adopted also by the Tyer Rubber Co., the Rubber Sundries Manufacturers' Association, the Andover Club, and the directors of the Andover Press. RUO A. ZIETZ. RriioLPH .\rGUST Zietz, long engaged prominently in the rub- trade at Para, died suddenly in New York on September 11, in his fifty-ninth year. He had suffered an apoplectic stroke on the preceding day, and his last hours were spent in a hospital. Mr. Zietz was born January 22, 1849. in Pernambuco, Brazil, where his father, Rudolph Zietz, was engaged in business. His mother was Louise Ackerman. When the son was about five years old the family returned to Germany, to the free city of Liibeck, of which the father became a senator. Rudolph Zietz acquired his education there, and discharged his military obligation to his country. On reaching the age of 21, and having been supplied with some capital by his father, he went to the West Indies. His mercantile career began in Trinidad, leading him successively to China. Manila, and, finally, to Para, where he became interested in tlie rubber trade. It was in 1884 that Mr. Zietz became established at Para, and for about twenty years he was an important factor in rubber, under the registered firm name of Rud. A. Zietz. His transac- tions are reported to have amounted in some years to £300.000 or £400,000. Incidentally, he served for a long term as the Danish consul at Para. During much of this time IMessrs. G. Amsinck & Co.. of New York, were his bankers and his correspondents in the United States, and when he retired from business he took up his residence in New York, where he possessed a number of friends in the trade. Mr. Zietz was unmarried and without rela- tions in America. His body was cremated and the ashes sent to Liibeck, to the grave of his mother. Mr. Zietz was held in the highest esteem by all with whom he came into contact, on account of his sterling qualities, both as a business man and as a friend. 52 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1907. NEW CABLE LINES FROM NEW YORK. THE laying of the new direct cable between New York and Havana was completed on October 18. It was built for the Commercial Cable Co. of Cuba by the India Rubber, Gutta Percha and Telegraph Works Co., Limited, and laid by the latter company's cable steamer, the Silvertowii. The steamer sailed from London on Septetnber II for Cuba, where laying the cable was begun. She started out from Havana on October 4 with 1300 miles of cable coiled in three circular tanks. She made about 8 miles an hour, and by noon on the Sth 150 miles of cable had been laid. On the second day out the Silvertown laid 185 miles, on the third day 160, on the fourth the same amount, on the fifth 163, on the sixth 201 miles, and on October 11, when tho Silvcrtozvn anchored out from New York long enough to buoy the cables, it had paid out 145 miles more, or a total of 1164 miles. The New York shore end, of heavier material, was laid by an- other boat, and on the date first named above the Silvertown com- pleted her work by splicing the shore end to the main cable at the buoy. The new cable was, without ceremony, opened for public business on October 21. In laying the new Havana cable the old barkentine rigged steamer Silvertozun, which has been laying cables in all parts of the world since 1873, has established a record for the work which beats her own record, made when it laid the Pacific cable from Honolulu to San Francisco, and also beat the best achievements of the modern cable steamers. The Silverloivn is 350 feet long, 55 feet broad, and 36 feet 6 inches deep, fitted with engines of can Telegraph Co., a New York enterprise, have cable lines down the Pacific coast from the isthmus of Panama to Valparaiso. M- itif >^ff^*^j^Sif M The C.^ble Steamer "Silvertown." [Engaged recently in laying the New York-Havana cable.] 1800 HP. and Steams at a speed of lo'j knots; her tonnage is rated at 4g3.> She lias carried at one load 2600 knots [=about 2900 miles] of sea cable. The Commercial Cable Co. of Cuba, incorporated in September, 1906, under the laws of New York, forms part of the system which includes the Commercial Cable Co., with five lines across the Atlantic, and the Commercial Pacific Cable Co., with a line across the Pacific, touching at Manila — altogether about 25,000 miles of submarine cables — in addition to the land lines of the Postal Telegraph Co. in the United States. For operating pur- poses the officials of the Mackay Company — the holding concern of all the corporations named above — look upon their land and subinarine lines as forming one system. The new cable line to Cuba, which has cost between $1,400,000 and $1,500,000, has been paid for, it is understood, entirely out of earnings of the Mackay companies. * * * Mention has not been made in these pages before of the cable laid recently between New York and Colon, via Guantanamo, Cuba, by the Central and South American Telegraph Co., of New York. This was opened for commercial business on August I, the laying having been completed on that day by the Colonia, the cable steamer of the Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Co., Limited, of London. The operation of the new company has rendered communication with the southern countries more reliable, shortened the time, and lessened the cost. The length of the new .cable is 2.263 knots. The Central and South .'\mori- CRUDE RUBBER INTERESTS. MR. IVINS'S STORY OF RUBBER. "T^HF. story of "Rubber as a World Product," told entertain- •^ ingly in the Am.-ricmi Monthly Rcvinu of Reviews by Mr. William M. Ivins, the eminent New York lawyer, who was some time president of the General Rubber Co., and at times has sus- tained other important relations to the rubber trade, covers the history of rubber and its applications about as fully as could be expected within a single magazine article. Naturally an article of such interest has elicited some criticism, as for instance from The Times of Ceylon, where Mr. Ivins says : "Cultivated rubber as yet plays no real part in the world's markets, not more than 100 tons having yet come into consumption in any year," The point of The Tinies's criticism lies in the fact Ceylon and the Malay States alone had exported during the twelve months pre- ceding the publication of Mr. Ivins's article about 670 tons of cultivated rubber, in addition to a considerable aggregate sup- plied by plantations elsewhere. The newspapers on the Amazon are yet to be heard from in response to the statement by Mr. Ivins that "the mortality in the state of Amazonas, in Brazil, for example, corresponds with almost diabolical exactness to the number of tons of rubber pro- duced, so that it is said that every ton of Brazilian rubber costs a human life." Seeing that the state of Amazonas has long con- tributed about 15,000 tons of rubber a year to the world's mar- kets, it would be cause for wonder that the supply could be kept up if Mr. Ivins's information were correct, seeing that the whole population of the state is probably not more than 500,000, and all the inhabitants are not all rubber gatherers. statistics of rubber production. Gambi.\ (British Africa). Pounds. Pounds. a 1883 52,033 1903 125,446 1884 257,285 1901 146,573 1891 246,690 1902 65.283 1893 45.298 1903 19.551 1897 423.103 c 1904 30,934 1898 481,020 1905 9,071 b 1899 128,912 1906 10,454 a — First exports recorded. /) — Unofficial fignres. c — In:Iu(iing I'uhljer in transit frii.m French posstssions. New Caledonia. Pounds. Pounds. 1899 3-352 1903 24,789 1900 50,842 1904 37,617 1901 36,324 1905 49.823 1902 18,730 1906 80,984 Prior to 1899 exports of 66 pounds were taken account of by the customs department. notes. The newspaper A Provincia do Para reports that between the. rivers .'Xraguaya and Tapirapi, on the eastern borders of the state of Matto Grosso, Brazil, mangabeira rubber has been found in great quantities, but thus far it has been neglected for the more highly prized Ilevca rubber. ;\Ionthly shipments of rubber (wild and cultivated) are being made from the property of The West Coast Rubber Co. in Guate- mala, to New York. The first shipment. 2,370 pounds, realized 76 cents a pound. A Rumii:R Nose. — .\ student in the dental department of the University of Pennsylvania, after all the physicians there had failed to repair the damage to the nose of a miner who had been frost bitten, made impressions of the man's face and succeeded in making a flesh-colored nose of vulcanite rubber, which is held in place by heavy bowed glasses. .\ slight disfigurement of the upper lip is disguised by a false mustache. NoVEMIilCR, I, 1907.) THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 53 TIRES AT THE AUTOMOBILE SHOW. THE eighth aniuial automobile show of the Automobile Club of America, held in New York, October 24-31, at the Grand Central Palace, was of more than usual interest to the rubber trade. Not only is it on a larger scale than previous automobile shows in New York, but many of the tire concerns had new features to exhibit. The tire exhibits showed a continued departure from the era of "freaks" in tire construction, toward the smooth, round, wrappcd-tread clincher type. Antiskid features were not nu- merous and were simpler, the popular type having a few rows of rivets embedded in the tread, without leather. There were two or three new removable rims, but several of last year's types have been withdrawn from the market. Detachable flanges were fewer than last year, with no new ones. The turn- buckle type seems the most popular. There were several new tires, but several old companies did not appear. This cushion type of tire has about disappeared from the market. The Bailey tread has grown in popularity. Morgan & Wright exhibited the Dunlop, standard clincher, and quick detachable clincher mounted on the new Midgley rim. A conspicuous feature of the exhibit was a 40 x 4 inch tire with Bailey tread. The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. showed their standard line of tires — detachable and clincher — and their "Universal" rim. The B. F. Goodrich Co. exhibited their regular types of smooth and narrow flat tread, and their detachable rim. The Fisk Rubber Co. exhibited their regular line of tires, with flat, round, and Bailey treads. They have also brought out a removable rim, with a felloe band, raised on one side, upon which an inflated and mounted tire can be slipped and held on by wedge-headed through bolts, on the general Vinet principle. The Michclin Tire Co.. now American as well as French manufacturers, showed their standard tires, and the beautiful "Sciiicllc Michelin" (Michelin tread). They also showed their well known removable rim. The Pneu 1' Electric Co. showed the tires made by the Societe Industrielle des Telephones, and the Samson, which they are now licensed to use. They also had an exhibit of insulated wire. The Automobile Utilities Co. showed their Shaw self sealing inner tube, the tube Ijeing double, with a layer of thick, gummy material within. The Crescent Parts Co. showed their removable rim, known formerly as the Harburg rim. The Ajax-Grieb Rubber Co. showed their regular tires. The Republic Rubber Co. showed their round and flat tread tires, the flat tread having two very deep grooves. They also show'ed twin solid truck tires, and featured their new detach- able flange rim. Herz & Co. showed the Miskolczy (Vienna) flat tread and antiskid tire, with embedded rivets and a thick rubber cushion between the fabric and the tread. The Empire Automobile Tire Co. showed their smooth and thickened tread pneumatics, and their buttoned tire case. Charles J. Downing showed the Genesee clincher tires. The Motz Clincher Tire and Rubber Co. showed their regular solid tires apd their dual-tread solid cushion tire. The Leather Tire Goods Co. showed the Woodworth tread, the Kantskid climber, and their leather covered inner tube. The G. & J. Tire Co. showed, besides their standard type, with thickened, flat tread, a smooth, round, wrapped tread type. The Hartford Rubber Works Co. had their regular line of clincher and Dunlop tires, and also a combination type, being the wired-on tire with a clincher bead added. They also furnish the Midglcv tread already ground or flat. The Diamond Rubber Co. showed their standard pneumatic and wire-mesh-base solid tires, and their improved antiskid, with narrow, fiat, raised tread, the rivets imbedded in the tread, with- out any leather. They showed smooth round and flat treads, their Marsh rim, and their new demountable rim, used in the Vanderbilt race, but not before exhibited at an automobile show. The rim is slipped over the felloe band and held by clip-headed through bolts. The National Sales Corporation showed Pirelli tires. The Mitchell Punctureless Tire Co. showed one of their tires running against a roller, sections of the rim being cut out to show the action of the tire. The Pennsylvania Rubber Co. showed their regular line of round, flat, smooth and corrugated treads and antiskid tread. The Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. displayed their pneumatics prominently, as well as great and small solid tires, and a large lire hosewagon wheel with twin solid tire. They also showed their removal rim, and their dual-tread tire. The Swinehart Clincher Tire and Rubber Co. showed their standard solid cushion tire, and their twin truck tire with central chain to prevent slipping. The Continental Caoutchouc Co. showed their regular tires, made to fit American rims. They also showed their adaptation of the Vinet removable rim, the felloe band being adapted to hold any standard rim. It can be fitted on any wheel. The Trenton Rubber Manufacturing Co. showed their Home detachable tire, in round, flat and thickened tread, with red and gray tubes, floor mats, rubber matting and thermoid wire-meshed brake lining, packings and rubber matting. The Joseph Stokes Rubber Co. had a fine display of hard rubber goods, including various hard rubber automobile acces- .'ories, as steering wheels, lever grips, tank caps, faucets, battery jars and covers, besides hard rubber surgical goods, shaving brushes, water-meter paddle and turbine wheels, dye-spinning tanks, new and old types of telephone receivers and mouth- pieces, and many other hard rubber specialties, the vi\\o\s making a beautiful display, which attracted much attention. The Long & Mann Co. showed their tire tools and their new detachable rim. Half of this rim is fast, while the other half is held on by through bolts, and also by offsets underneath, which fit into tangential slots in the felloe barud. Arthur H. Middleton showed his clincher block solid tire, the rubber sections being capped with iron. The Morris Auto Co. showed their standard tire protector, which is a thick rubber and fabric casing, with inextensible edges, and holds fast so long as the tire is inflated. The Newmastic Tire Co., the Elastic Tire Filling Co., William Wooster and Smalley Daniels showed their elastic tire fillers. The Newmastic Tire Co. had a "Newmastic" and a pneumatic tire mounted alongside, so that their comparative resilience might be tested with a hinged lever. The Gilbert Manufacturing Co., the Allen Auto Specialty Co., the Nathan Novelty Manufacturing Co. and Post and Lester showed their tire cases. The buttoned type of tire case was much in evidence. The Traver Blowout Patch Co. also showed their patches. In addition to the displays mentioned in the preceding lines, several of the rubber manufacturing companies exhibited auto- mobile clothing, rubber mats and matting, and hard rubber goods for automobiling uses. COMING EVENTS. The annual automobile show under the direction of the Asso- ciation of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers will be held at the Madison Square Garden, in New York, November 2-9. The leading tire companies will be represented at this show practically by the same exhibits that were seen at the Grand Central Palace. The Chicago automobile show will open on November 30 and continue until December 7. 54 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1907. SEA ISLAND COTTON PRICES. A T tlie meeting of the Sea Island Cotton Association, at White **• Sulphur Springs, Florida, on September 12, President Harvie Jordan, in his annual address stated that in 1893 the Sea Island crop of 75,000 bales, selling at about 15 cents a pound, yielded the growers, say, $5,000,000, while last year's crop of only 60,000 bales, selling at higher prices, brought over $g,ooo,ooo. He said: "To-day every county in the [Sea Island cotton] belt is organized, and you are getting 35 cents for your better grades. This is the result of cooperation." He advised his hearers to study the manufactured products and trade conditions — to "put in more brain work along this line." The association's com- mittee on prices reported in favor of the following minimum prices for Sea Island grades, and the report was adopted : Fancy grades, 35 cents ; No. I, 33 cents ; No. 2, 32 cents ; No. 3, 31 cents ; No. 4, 30 cents. No prices were fixed for lower grades. The Cotton Journat says that the Sea Island cotton growers are well supplied with good warehouses which have been con- structed in the various counties during the past two years by members of the above named association. The growers are be- ginning to pool their cotton for sale in large blocks and abandon- ing the old fashioned method of retailing a bale at a time on the streets. An important firm of cotton factors in the South making a specialty of Sea Island grades, in response to the request for an opinion on the price situation, write : To THE Editor of The India Rubber World : It is difficult to say anything regarding the prospects of the producers of cotton being able to control prices this season. If the crop is materially greater than last year's, and we believe it is, we do not see how in view of the general tightness of money it will be possible to hold it. The only man who can really hold cotton is the farmer, and his ability to do so depends on whether he owes his local storekeeper or not. In ordinary years a country merchant can probably get an extension of time from his wholesale corres- pondent in the city, but we do not believe he will be able to ob- tain that this year and so he may bring more pressure than usual to bear upon the farmer to make him sell. In addition to this, present prices are_ undoubtedly profitable to the farmer. It looks as if there was going to be a good deal of low grade cotton in this crop. This comes into competition with the best growth of Egyptian, and as these are likely to be in full supply this year it appears to us that low grade Sea Island will have to appro .ximate these Egj-ption qualities in price. This may be brought about the more speedily because we do not think that factors are willing to tie up their money in advance on S'ea Island cotton on the present basis of values. Yours truly, Savannah, Georgia, OctoVer 4, 1907. RUBBER FROM DISPUTED TERRITORY. ■ I ' I I E Peruvian Amazon Rubber Co.. Liuiited, was registered in *■ London on September 26, with £1.000,000 [=$4,866,500] capital, of which £300,000 is in preference shares, to acquire cer- tain rubber properties in the upper Amazon region, beyond Iquitos, owned by Julio C. Arana y Plermanos, and called "Colonia Indiana." "El Encanto Angelia Pevas," and "Nanay." There is no initial public issue of shares. The list of signatures is headed by Julio C. Arana, whose address is given as War- riston. North-end road, Ilampstead, N. W., London. The rubber properties above referred to lie, at least in part, within the region embraced by the concession granted by the government of Co- lombia to Caiio, Cuello & Co., of Bogota, which concession is the basis of an American company recently formed to exploit rub- ber. This concession has been the subject of not a little cor- respondence between representatives of the governments of Peru and Colombia, between which countries a dispute exists over the ownership of part of the territory. Some of this corre- spondence was reprinted in The INDI.^ Rubber World October i, 1907 (page 24), after its appearance in leading newspapers in New York, London and elsewhere. Messrs. Arana Brothers have been established for something more than two years in shipping rubber from the region in dis- pute, via Iquitos to Liverpool and Nevi' York, claiming to be within Peruvian territory, and paying export cities to Peru at Iquitos port. The India Rubber World is m possession of the following figures regarding the Arana shipments from Iquitos : D.VTE. Liverpool. New York. December 29, 1904 kilos 91,433 5,265 January 10, 1905 I44C April 14, 1905 73.253 4.515 May 10, 1905 45.480 June 14. 1905 5,767 July 13, 1905 75,835 August 25, 1905 63,833 October 15, 1905 90,192 Total first year 447,232 9,780 December 30, 1905 "6,698 27,607 January 24, 1906 25,245 February 23, 1906 13.270 20,000 May 23, 1906 77.609 September 23, 1906 84,493 October 24, 1906 23,053 November 25. 1906 21,271 Total, second year 321.639 47,607 Total, two years 76S.871 57.397 Grand total, Liverpool and New York. 826.258 kilos. It is stated that, in addition to the above figures, a small ship- ment remained to complete the output for 1906, owing to obstruc- tions to navigation toward the end of the latter year. RUBBER PROFITS ON THE KASAI. npilE trading profits for igo6 of the Compagnie des Kasai — the ■'■ rubber monopoly in the Kasai region of the Congo State — were larger than in any former year, amounting to 11,268,029.65 francs [=$2,174,929.72]. The net profit, after providing for the cost of planting rubber as required by law, interest on bonds, etc., was 8,033,657.22 francs [=$1,550,495.85]. After paying 6 per cent, on the capital shares, directors' fees, agents' commissions, and adding to the reserves, there remained for the holders of the beneficiary shares (common stock) 7,035,000 francs [=$i.357,- 755]. oi" 1750 francs per share. The capital of the company is in 4020 sliares of 250 francs each, totaling 1,005,000 francs [=$r93.965]. and an equal number of beneficiary shares "without designation of value." It is the latter which participate in the large profits above referred to. One half the beneficiary shares are held by the 14 companies participating in the Kasai syndicate, one half by the Congo Free State. If the beneficiary shares be given the same par value as the capital stock (250 francs), as is the custom in issuing "com- mon stock" in America, the Kasai dividend of 1750 francs per share would w-ork out at 700 per cent, for the year. Of the dividend, 1000 francs per share w^ere paid in April 15 last and 750 francs on October 15. A recent Brussels bourse quotation for these shares "without designation of value" was 16,000 francs [=$308.80] ; the highest quotation for the year (on January 28), 20,575 francs. The net profits of tlie Kasai syndicate since the beginning, derived chiefly from its rubber trading, have been: In 1902 1.210.706.23 francs [=$233,666.26] In 1903 3.497..19.3-OI francs [= 677,996-85] In 1904 5,334,707.06 francs [=1,029,615.82] In 1905 7.543.084.98 francs [=1,455,885.40] In 1906 8.033,657.22 francs [=i,550.495-85] l'"(iR rubl)i.T planters: Mr. Pearson's book. "Wliat I Saw in the Tropics." November i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 55 THE MEXICAN RUBBER PLANTERS. TN response to a circular of invitation mentioned in the last ■^ issue of this paper (page 18) a meeting of rubber planters was held on October 9-10 in the city of Mexico in the club room of the Mexica7i Herald building. The first session was opened with an address of welcome by Paul Hudson, general manager of the Herald and a member of the invitation committee, followed by an address from Olegario Molina, minister of fomento of the republic. William Vernon Backus was elected chairman. Two days were devoted to addresses and papers relating to rubber culture and discussions thereon,, except for the time during the second day taken to form a permanent organization, under the name Rubber Planters' Association of Mexico. The first regular meet- ing is to be held in the city of Mexico on February 12, 1908. On the evening of the first day of the planters' conference they attended a banquet, at a leading Mexican restaurant, at which the guest of honor was Andres Aldasoro, under minister of fomento, who, speaking in behalf of the government, said that all the necessary guarantees and every possible aid would be extended in the development of rubber culture in Mexico. Dr. Olsson-Seflfer, in a lengthy paper on "The Present Condi- tion of Rubber Culture," said that there were in Mexico 118 plantations, embracing approximately 95.000 acres, devoted wholly or in part to rubber culture, and representing an investment of $60,000,000 Mexican, or about $30,000,000 gold. James C. Harvey spoke on "Cacoa as an Adjunct to Rubber Culture," and H. Wegge on "Manuring the Rubber Tree." Ignacio Carranza opened a discussion on "The Rubber Planter and the Labor Supply." He favored the importation of laborers from southern Europe, and the general sentiment of those who spoke was adverse both to the Japanese and the American negro for plantation work in Mexico. The suggestion was made by J. P. Taylor that the government should establish regulations for the. control of trading in rubber, for the reason that the Indians, who now are "stealing about three-fourths of the wild rubber of Mexico," may be expected sooner or later to begin stealing rubber from cultivated trees. The selection of officers of the Rubber Planters' Association of Mexico resulted as follows: Presidnit — O. H. Harrison, La Zacualpa Rubber Plantation Co., San Francisco. First Vice President — J.\mes C. Harvey, Mexican Mutual Planters' Co., Sanborn, Mexico. Second Vice President — Pehr Olsson-Seffer. Secretary — [To be named by the directors.] Treasurer — William A'ernon Backus, interested in 3 number of plant- ing companies, Mexico City. Directors — W. C. Gruels, O. V. Petterson, A. E. Coates, L. A. Ostien, Ignacio Carranza. The names of those taking part in the planters' convention are reported as follows by the Mexican Herald, to which journal credit is also due for most of the details in this report. It is understood that the test is not a complete one : Delegates From States. Carlos Garza, from Tamaulipas. Manuel Casares Escudero, from Yucatan. Deputy Ignacio Munoz, from Veracruz. Luis Oettinger, from Guerrero. Deputy Domingo Leon, from Tabasco. Representing Planting Companies. St. Paul Tropical Development Co. (St. Paul). — Professor L. A. Ostien. Tabasco Plantation Co. (Minneapolis). — F. W. Moore and George E. Davis. Mexican Imperial Plantation Co. — William Vernon Backus. Mexican Mutual Planters' Co. (Chicago). — James C. Harvey. The Mexican Rubber Co., Limited (London, England). — H. E. Levesley. Nebraska Plantation Co. — Professor V. O. Petterson. The Obispo Rubber Plantation Co. (New York). — Maxwell Riddle. Rock Island Tropical Plantation Co. — Prof. V. O. Petterson. Trinidad Rubber Co. — "P.ui.Miaventura"' plantation (Los Angeles). — Clar- t-ncc Harvey. Chiapas Land Co. — R. Olsson-Seffer. The Chilean Exploration and Development Syndicate, Limited (London, England).— P. O. Bremer. El Palmar Plantation Co. — C. Miner and A. Reynaud. Continental Commercial Co. (St. Louis). — H. E. Levesley. Hacienda Providcncia — John Shelly. Mexican Gulf Agricultural Co. (Kansas City). — C. H. Precht. Others Present. Dr. Pehr Olsson-Seffer, representing several planting companies; James Gunder, of Vera Cruz; Ralph Rcot, of New York; K. C. Lock, W. D. Shaw, W. S. Windock, Dr. J. H. T. Stempel, and W. C. Cressey. * * * The Mexican Herald quotes Montgomery Tarr, described as being exceptionally well informed on the subject, as predicting the exportation during the current fiscal year (beginning July l) of 100 tons more rubber from Mexico than during the preceding year, owing to the development of the rubber plantations. THE "MANICOBA" RUBBERS. PEARLY in the past month Mr. Reginald W. Wickham, of ^— ' London, was in New York, en route from a visit to Peru and Bolivia, which took him 2,500 miles up the Amazon and its tributaries, the Jurna and Gregoria, investigating rubber interests. He reports finding some magnificent growths of Hevea rubber — up to 14 feet 3 inches in circumference. Mr. Wickham at one time visited the "manigoba" rubber regions ill the Brazilian state of Bahia, a description of which by Mr. Ashmore Russan was reviewed in The lNDr.\ Rubber World for October i (page 9). Mr. Wickham states that some rubber prop- erties in Bahia have been marketed recently to a syndicate in London. Another recent visitor to New York was Mr. William B. Dulley, manager of The Dumont Coffee Estates, Ribeirao, Sao Paulo, Brazil, after a visit to some Mexican rubber plantations. The Dumont estates are owned in London, Mr. H. K. Rutherford being interested, and it is partly due to the latter's suggestion that rubber planting has been taken on. About 400 acres have been planted within a year to Maiiihot Glazioi-ii, the rubber tree of Ceara being preferred by Mr. Dulley to the Jequie or "mani- Qoba" of Bahia after he had visited the region where the latter is native. It was Mr. Dulley who sent to Kew the first material for the study of the Bahia or Jequie "manigoba," now recognized as different from the Manihot Glaziovii or Ceara "manigoba." Increased amounts of rubber from Bahia are arriving at New York, the increase being namely in "manigoba." Only a small amount of this rubber is the product of plantations, though Jequie rubber is generally spoken of here and in Europe as "plantation" rubber. The Brazilian Rubber Plantation and Development Co., in which New Y'ork capital is interested, have a plantation of Mani- hot Glazioi'ii in Ceara, regarding which they inform The India Rubber World: "We receive manigoba of this latter description from our own plantation from time to time, the quality of which we expect will be very materially increased in a short while, as we now have over 600,000 trees planted and employ over 200 hands on our property, the development of which is progressing very rapidly and to our entire satisfaction." The largest automobile storage warehouse in the country is a garage on Broadway, New Y'ork, in which there were housed recently, for 236 regular customers, cars of the estimated value of nearly $1,500,000, figured at less than first cost. The house has 150 employes. Fame for a Rubber Worker. — An Akron newspaper says : "John Cary, foreman in a department of The B. F. Goodrich Co., has achieved a large measure of fame in this city recently by the publication of a song which he composed entitled 'Where the Old Cuyahoga Winds Around the Bend.' " 55 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1907. NEW HODGMAN SPECIALTIES. IT is not always lliat illustrations of rubber surface clothing * give a fair idea of either the value or finish of the garments. The picture of the V neck auto shirt shown here, however, is fairly descriptive. The coat, which is an original design just brought out by the Hodgman Rubber Co. (New York), and for which a patent has been applied, is of the shirt type without buttons or fastening of any sort, the neck and collar being made of a series of gussets filled with thin elastic rubber, so that the collar may easilj' be stretched, allowing the garment to be put on over the head. The sleeves also have the same type of gussets. The garment is made of very light weight fabrics and in two colors — black and a dark rich red — the rubber surface being upon the outside. The red coat, by the way, has the collar and cuffs finished in black rubber, the whole ef- fect being very ele- gant. The coat is windproof and rain- proof, and is so light in weight and the finish of the coat is so ' good, that any objec- tion to a rubber sur- ; face garment that the most finical may have disappears at sight. These garments in black retail at $10 and in red at $12.50. The Hodgman spe- cialties in water- proof clothing in- clude a line of silk goods both for auto- mobile and street wear. No doubt many have seen these goods without having entered the Hodgman stores, as they appear in the warerooms of the great cloak houses and are often described as "imported garments." In making up these garments, the patterns, which are exclusively Hodgman designs, are made to closely follow the cloak fashions of the best houses here and abroad. The silk goods are what are known as "confined" fabrics ; that is, the Hodgman company have them exclusively, and the manager of their silk coat department revises and changes these designs every month, alternating and combining checks, stripes, change- able silks, and using whatever the taste of the best dressed may demand at that particular time. All of the garments are finished with a delicate coating of transparent Para rubber on the inside of the garment, and all seams are cemented. An idea of the type of garments made may be had when one remembers that retail prices range from $15 to $60 a garment. THE NEW "SKIPPER" OVERSHOE. HoDGM.\N "V" Xeck Auto Shirt. WANTS AND INQUIRIES. [443] YV/ AX TED names of ' • reels for garden )f manufacturers of wooden hose garden hose. [444] From a rubber manufacturer in New Jersey comes an inciuiry regarding where to buy olear gum. [445I "Where are regular hose armoring machines built?" [446] Wanted information about gum tragasol — if it has another name, and where it can be procured. T OW cut rubber shoes, in fact very low cut, so much so that ■*— ' they are practically sole and heel protectors, are exactly what a great many people want. For city wear, particularly, if the sole and heel are protected, that is all that is necessary. An overshoe, however, that does not come over the upper of the leather shoe is difficult to keep on, and there have been many types all shaped toward this end. Without hav- ing worn it — as it "Skipper" Overshoe. is only just on the market — one patent- ed lately by Frederic C. Hood, of the Hood Rubber Co. (Bos- ton), looks very much as if it had solved the problem. As will be seen from the illustration, a reinforcing strip of frictioned fabric with its upper edge folded upon itself is vulcanized to the upper edge of the shoe, on the inside, forming a bead under which the sole of the leather shoe naturally and easily slips. The bead is entirely out of sight and its only office is to hold the shoe on in whatever position the foot may be. The shoe, by the way, is called the "Skipper," and is manufactured under United States patent No. 867,882, issued October 8, 1907. It is- manufactured bv the Hood Rubber Co. CANADIAN TRADE NEWS NOTES. ' I 'HE business formerly known as the Vancouver branch' •^ of the Gutta Percha and Rubber Manufacturing Co. of Toronto, Limited, has recentlj' been incorporated under the name of the Vancouver Rubber Co., Limitsd. A. G. Mc- Kenney is general manager and the location is No. 160 Hastings street. West, Vancouver, British Columbia. The company are selling agents for the Gutta Percha company. The Gutta Percha and Rubber Manufacturing Co. of Toronto. Limited, as an evidence of interest in the health of their emplo3"es, have arranged to supply the latter with mineral water from a series of sanitary coolers throughout the works. The rubber footwear factories in Canada have been kept busy all season and still have large orders on hand. The unusually fine fall weather was not conducive to sales by retailers, though the general outlook is promising for a good winter trade. The- sale of heavy goods is expected to be large in the regions lately opened up in the west and north. The Aluminum Flake Co. (Akron, Ohio) announce that Mr. A. J. MacLaren will handle aluminum flake for the rubber trade throughout Canada. The largest asbestos mine in Canada, it is said, is owned by (I, W. Johns-Manville Co., of New York. INSULATED WIRE IN CANADA. The display made by The Wire and Cable Co. of Montreal, at the recent first annual Electrical Show in that city, attracted much attention. Their booth contained exhibits of insulated wire of almost every description, all attractively arranged. Rub- ber insulated wires fill an important place among their products, and a display of crude rubber was an interesting feature in their space. CANADIAN MANUFACTURERS IN SESSION. .•\t the thirty-sixth annual convention of the Canadian Manu- facturers' Association, held recently at Toronto, the rubber in- dustry was well represented. At the election of officers, D. Lome McGibbon, president of the Canadian Consolidated Rubber Co.. Limited, was placed on the list of vice-presidents. The executive council of the association includes John J. McGill, of the Durham- Rubber Co., Limited, and Robert J. Vounge, of the Canadiaii Rubber Co. of Montreal, Limited. November i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 57 THE RUBBER TRADE IN SAN FRANCISCO. BY A KESIDENT CORRESPONDENT. ■ I 'HE condition of the local rubber goods trade is thus summed *■ up by L. L. Torrey, president of the Pennsylvania Rubber Co. of California: "We hear a good deal about politics, the tightness of the money market, dull times, etc., and I guess there are more people standing around talking politics now than there are attending to business. Buyers won't do anything until after the election, and if the election goes the wrong way they won't then. They don't have to spend their money in San Francisco and if the labor unions get in control again things are going to drag here for a while. The labor unions believe that they can drive the business men to keep up big business enterprises and spend their money as the unions would like, but they cannot do it. They are having a dose now of what their attempts lead to — stagnation on account of the strikes, and little work for workmen. Conditions are ripe in this city for a remarkably good business and it is to be hoped that the power of the unions will not be e.xerled to hold back about two-thirds of the spending money during the ne.xt two years." The municipal election will take place in November. The tem- porary mayor, Taylor, has gained the confidence of eastern peo- ple who have business interests here, and as this city now de- pends on eastern capital and credit for its rapid progress, since its destruction by fire, the merchants are working hard to secure his election. The Pennsylvania Rubber Co. of California has been incor- porated, with L. L. Torrey president and manager and L. D. Torrey, secretary and treasurer. It has been formed for the purpose of adequately handling the market products of the manu- facturers in Pennsylvania of the same name. Mr. Torrey re- ports that they have been meeting with a very favorable busi- ness. Mr. Grant, with the firm, is now on a trip to Seattle. R. H. Pease, of the Goodyear Rubber Co., states that the rubber houses have been making good shipments all over the coast of rubber boots and shoes and are now waiting the rains for their customers to use their goods up. The new building of the Pacific Coast Rubber Co. is prac- tically completed, and as soon as the finishing work is completed — say about the first of December — will be occupied. Mr. Bush- nell reports that business has been very good during the entire summer. W. T. Barton, president of Barton. Squires, Byrne Co., is now in the eastern States visiting the various factories and buying equipment for the plant. He has purchased some new flax machinery for braiding flax, which will be the first of this kind of machinery to come to the coast. This companj' has taken the agency for the Federal Waterproofing Co., of St. Joseph, Mo. Ed. Rumsey, vice president of the J. W. Byrnes Belting and Hose Co., of St. Louis, is visiting the trade in San Francisco. Mr. Blanchard. manager of the Mechanical Rubber Co., of Chicago, has been in this city placing orders with the trade. The Bowers Rubber Works have moved to their permanent building on Sacramento street, near the water front. They report a remarkably good business throughout the coast territory. Mr. Duffington, representing the Trenton Rubber Manufac- turing Co., is in town and making the rounds of his friends in the trade. Hughson & Merton, at No. 436 Market street, have given up the agency and account of the International Rubber Co., al- though, since the agency does not expire until January i, they will continue to look after the lines until the company sends out a new agent. Hughson & Merton have taken on the agency for the Ajax-Grieb Rubber Co.'s tires. The Gorham Rubber Co. is preparing to move over the main offices to the new building in San Francisco, but will continue the Oakland store hereafter as a branch. Mr. Gurr, representing the W. D. Allen Manufacturing Co., of Chicago, has notified the local houses that he will be in this city within a short time. The Dimond Rubber Co. is looking about for a new and per- manent location in San Francisco, with a view to bringing the main plant over from Oakland, and having the principal head- quarters here in San Francisco, as previous to the fire. THE RUBBER TRADE AT AKRON. BY A RESIDENT CORRESPONDENT. I SAAC FRIEDMAN, general manager of the Stein Double * Cushion Tire Co., of this city, was stricken with apoplexy aboard a train between Akron and Cleveland, on October 17, and died in a hospital in the latter city soon afterward. Mr. Friedman spent the day at the offices in Akron, as was his custom, and then started for his home in Cleveland to spend the night. He had just returned from a trip to Europe for his health, and upon his return was supposed to be in the best of health. Mr. Friedman was wealthy and a well known figure in rubber circles. At the annual meeting of The Diamond Rubber Co. all of the directors and officers of the concern were reelected. The officers are : F. A. Hardy, president ; A. H. Marks, vice-presi- dent and superintendent; W. B. Miller, secretary; A. H. Noah, treasurer. The other directors are : R. G. Lake, of Chicago, and O. C. Barber and E. K. Hardy, of Akron. Fred Work, brother of B. G. Work, president of The B. F. Goodrich Co., with Chester Ma.xson, has returned home after a trip across the continent and back in a 40 HP. Oldsmobile touring car; covering about 11,000 miles. The car was equipped with Goodrich tires, which are said to have stood the rough usage in splendid style. The Oldsmobile company have pur- chased the car and started upon a 1,000 mile non-stop endurance lest, with the idea of sending it then to the New York auto- mobile show's. By the first of the year The B. F. Goodrich Co. will have in- creased the number of their employes to about 500 more than were on the payroll a year ago. As soon as the new concrete six-story factory building is completed, at least 300 more men will be needed. The employment department is finding some difficulty in securing enough men and girls. Employment is to be furnished for 200 more men by December I at The Diamond Rubber Co.'s works. The mammoth factory building now under construction is practically finished. As soon as they can be secured, 150 tiremakers will be added to the present force at the Diamond. Four hundred men have been added to the number of employes in the past year. AH of the other rubber manufacturing companies in Akron are experiencing similar prosperity, and it is expected that there will be a IS per cent, increase in the population of this city this year solely through the growing demand for employes by these concerns. INDIA-RUBBER GOODS IN COMMERCE. EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. /^FFICIAL statement of values of exports of manufactures of ^^ india-rubber and gutta-percha from the United States for the month of August, 1907, and for the first eight months of five calendar years : Belting Boots .-Ml Months. Packing and Other Tot.\l. and Hose. Shoes. Rubber. August. 1907 $124,750 $214,365 $349,907 $689,022 January to July 795.965 694.075 2,352,870 3,842,910 Total $920,715 $908,440 $2,702,777 $4,531,932 Total, IQ06 800.245 788.966 2,094,098 3,683.309 Total, 1905 755.988 767,775 1.918,481 3,442,244 Total, 1904 570.072 651,392 1,600,574 2,822,938 Total, 1903 568,797 507,897 1,655,396 2,732,090 58 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1907. News of the American Rubber Trade. UNITED STATES RUBBER CO.— DIVIDENDS. THE board of directors of the United States Rubber Co., on October 3, declared the regular quarterly dividend of 2 per cent, on the first preferred capital stock, and the regular quarterly dividend oi ly^ per cent, on the second pre- ferred stock, from the net earnings for the fiscal year beginning April I, 1907, payable on October 31. In connection with the announcement of these dividends it was stated at the offices of the company that the net earnings for the first six months of the business year, with September partially estimated, were $2,- 175,000. including dividends amounting to $277,812.50 received upon the stock of the Rubber Goods Manufacturing Co. in the IJnited States company's treasury. DEVELOPMENT AT BRISTOL. The large new building for the insulated wire department of the National India Rubber Co. (Bristol, Rhode Island), referred to at some length in The India Rubber World May i, 1907 (page 256), is practically completed and the installation of machinery is in progress, with the idea of having it in working order by New Year. The rubber clothing department, in operation since the company was started, in 1865, has been discontinued, in order to make room for the greater development of the insulated wire branch. No mackintoshes have been made by the company for four or five years past. ENLARGING A RUBBER RECLAIMING PLANT. The Boston Woven Hose and Rubber Co. have found it neces- sary to add to their facilities at Plymouth, Massachusetts, for producing reclaimed rubber. Work has been started on a three- story brick building, 109 x 109 feet, and an engine room and boiler house, all directly connected with the present buildings. It is understood that the contractor is to have the work com- pleted by the middle of January next. Several parcels of land have been acquired for building and storage space, and for a number of houses to be occupied by the company's employes. FORCED TO BUILD BY GROWING BUSINESS. The Bristol Co. (Waterbury. Connecticut) are about to erect another addition to their plant 53 x 170 feet, three stories high. This additional space is made necessary by the increased demand for Bristol's recording thermometers and Bristol's patent steel belt lacing. With the amount of business already in sight the company feel that it will not be long before even this addition will be crowded. SPOT-PROOFING OF FABRICS. Plvmoi'th Rubber Co. (Stoughton, Massachusetts), proofers for the trade, announce that they have installed and are oper- ating successfully a new method for spot-proofing silks, satins, and the like. They are in a position, therefore, to supply the cut- ting trade with silks that are rubberized as well as spot-proofed, thus contributing to the material excellent waterproof qualities. The new treatment may be applied to fabrics before or after they have been rubber-coated. Plymouth Rubber Co. are now headquarters for work in this new line. AN ALLING STOKE IN NEW JERSEY. The chain of Ailing rubber stores, starting in Connecticut, has now extended to New Jersey, The Ailing Rubber Co., of Pater- son, having been incorporated, with $10,000 capital, to deal in rubber goods at wholesale and retail, and also bicycles and sun- dries and sporting goods. Clarence E. Ailing, who is connected with the Ailing syndicate's store at Stamford, is president and treasurer of the new company, and Frederick F. Lockwood secre- tary. The location is at No. 131 ^lain street, Patcrson, New- Jersey. GUAYULE IN TEXAS. Contracts are being entered mto between the general land office of Texas and the Big Bend Manufacturing Co. for all the guayule shrubs over 6 inches tall that may be found upon the unsold pviblic school lands in the state, that company having been the highest bidder for such guayule. [See The India Rubber World, October i, 1907 — page 21.] The price bid was $5i,ooo. The company have four years in which to remove the guayule. James D. Crenshaw, of San Antonio, is president of the Big Bend Manufacturing Co., incorporated in Delaware August 27, 1907, with $25,000 capital authorized. TAXIMETER CABS IN NEW YORK. The New York Taxicab Co. on October i began their service of motor cabs of the landaulette type, available for use either open or closed, with a seating capacity for four persons inside and one person outside with the driver. Each cab is equipped with a taximeter for the regulation of charges, which are 30 cents for the first half mile or fraction, and 10 cents for each quarter mile thereafter — a marked reduction from prices ordi- narily paid for cab service in New York. The company began with about 70 cabs, starting from the principal hotels and clubs, and it is intended to increase the number until several hundred are in use. It is stated that 600 cabs have been contracted for. Based upon the success of the Compagnie Frangaise des Auto- mobiles de Place, of Paris, and several companies in London operating similar systems, it is estimated that the new service will prove popular and profitable, and if so an important new demand for pneumatic tires will be created. The offices of the New York Taxicab Co. are at No. 546 Fifth avenue. Harry N. Allen is president; G. Winthrop Sands, vice-president; Walter C. Allen, secretary, and W. W. Tracy, treasurer. Messrs. Sands, Tracy and H. N. Allen are the directors in New York of the New York Motor Cab Co., Limited, recently registered in Lon- don [see The India Rubber World August i, 1907 — page 352], which corporation owns and controls the New York Taxicab Co. The taximeters used supplied by Societe Generale des Compteurs de Voitures of Paris. Another New York company has been talked of for entering the same field, by the name of The Touring Car and Ta.xicab Co.. but no details are yet available regarding it. THE ''P. B." DYNAMOMETER. In connection with the above-named testing machine for india- rubber and certain other materials, referred to in The India Rubber World for September i (page 382) as having been bought out by A. D. Cillard fils, of Paris, it was mentioned that a New York address was maintained by the interest. Since the article in question was first written the New York address has been changed. The address now is Nos. 43-45 West Thirty- fourth street, and in writing, letters should be addressed to Mr. Ch. Dien. WHEN TIRES CAN COME IN FREE. The United States treasury department has issued a circular to customs officials, regulating the admission of foreign made automobiles, once imported and paying duty, and afterward taken abroad by the owners for touring purposes. On taking out of the country any such automobile the owner is required to obtain a certificate, to aid in the identification of the car when its entry is again sought. "If the certificate covers a set of foreign tires, it w-ill not be necessary to prove that the tires brought back on the wheels were those taken abroad. - - - Foreign tiros taken out on the wheels of automobiles may be brought back free of duty." November i, 1907. THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 59 NEW GENERAL ELECTRIC PLAN. It is stated that the Geiieral Electric Co. have recently in- augurated a radical revision of their entire system of credits on goods sold which seems likely, when fully worked out, to have the practical effect of a 15 to 20 per cent, increase in working capital, making it possible for the company to do from $10,000,000 to $12,000,000 more gross business than at present, without any increase in capitalization. CHANGE OF FIRM STYLE. I. I. SnoNBEKG having resigned from the partnership of Green & Shonberg, dealers in scrap rubber at Nos. 110-116 Nassau street, New York, this business will be conducted hereafter under the name of Hans L. Green & Co., by Hans L. Green and Harry A. Weisberger. Mr. Green has lately returned from Europe, where he obtained the agencies of important dealers, and in order to manage an increasing business the firm are occupying larger quarters than formerly- INSPECTION OF ELECTRIC WIRES. The Wire Inspection Bureau, some account of the work of which appears elsewhere in this paper, have sent out all over the country requests for samples of electric wires taken from old or put into new installations, with suitable blank forms for filling in certain details descriptive of the samples and their history. The object is to find out how wires made up with different characteristics will stand the test of time. A NEW HAVEN WIRE PLANT SOLD. The wire plant of the National Wire Company, at New Haven, Connecticut — a company placed in the hands of receivers early in the year and later adjudged bankrupt — has been pur- chased by the .A.merican Steel and Wire Co. (Worcester, Massa- chusetts), a subsidiary company of the United States Steel Cor- poration. The price mentioned is $650,000. H. Stuart Hotch- kiss (of L. Candee & Co., rubber manufacturers) was one of the receivers and one of the trustees of the estate in bankruptcy. The American Steel and Wire Co. manufacture rubber insulated wire, among other products, at Worcester, but will not make this type of wire at X'cw Haven. DUTIABLE WASTE RUBBER IMPORTS. An importation at New York was found to consist of new ■scrap rubber consisting of pieces of hot-water bottles, tubing, and the like, rejected as waste at the factory. The board of general appraisers upheld the classification of the goods as waste under paragraph 463, tariff act of 1897 ["Waste, not specially provided for in this act, 10 per cent, ad valorem"}, overruHng the importer's contention that it was free of duty under para- graph 579 as refuse rubber I'lt only for remanufacture. GRANT TIRE PATENT TO THE SUPREME COURT. Applic.\tion for a writ of certiorari has been made to the United States supreme court in the case of The Milwaukee Rubber Works Co. against The Rubber Tire Wheel Co. In the first place, the Rubber Tire Wheel Co., the owner of the Grant •solid tire patent (No. 554,675), entered into relations with a com- bination of tire manufacturers, and in time sued the Milwaukee company on a claim that it had not kept its agreement as to the payment of royalties. There was involved a fund of $50,000 for the purpose of maintaining the combination. The United States circuit court for the eastern district of Wisconsin dismissed the case on the ground that the agreement was in restraint of trade. {See The India Rubher World, March 11, 1906 — page 194.] The circuit court of appeals reversed this decision and ordered judgments for the royalties claimed, taking the ground that as the $50,000 fund had never been actually used to kill off competi- tion, no offense had been committed, and besides the trade in patent articles, it held, was exempt from the general prohibition against combinations in restraint of trade and competition. The Milwaukee company now seek an adjudication of the case by the supreme court. NEW INCORPOBATIONS. lowA Auto and Tire Co., September 5, 1907, under the laws of Iowa; capital, $24,000; to handle automobiles and repair tires, and run a general garage business, at No. 414 Main street, Daven- port, Iowa. Theo. Oelkers is president, J. L. Hebert, treasurer, and P. C. Petersen sales manager. Green Insulation Co., October 4, 1907, under the Ohio laws; capital, $50,000. Incorporators: D. J. Barry, E. P. Strong, J. E. Chadwick, I. C. McDonald, and G. L. Rebman. Location : Cleveland, Ohio. Delta Rubber Co., September 4, 1907, under the New Jersey laws ; capital, $100,000. Incorporators : Edward D. Cronin, Brooklyn ; Fred Knowlton and Edgar A. Monfort, New York City. Haverhill Rubber Co., October i, 1907, under the Massachusetts laws ; capital, $25,000. Incorporators : Erastus E. Dorman, Law- rence, Mass. ; Georgia Clark and Isaac Crocker, Providence, Rhode Island. Home Tire Co., October 2, 1907, under the New Jersey laws ; capital, $25,000. Incorporators : Edward W. Moore, Jr., Harry Klag. Jr., and Charles A. Comp, all of Trenton, N. J. The Maryland Belting and Packing Co., October 2, 1907, under the Delaware laws ; capital, $100,000. This company, manufac- turing special stitched canvas belting and packing, was formerly incorporated under the laws of Maryland, with a smaller capital. George D. Iverson, Jr., is president, Arthur L. Campbell vice president, and Samuel T. Owings secretary-treasurer. Location : Nos. 502-506 South Dallas street, Baltimore. The Coomber Tire and Rubber Co., October 4, 1907, under the laws of New York; capital, $25,000. To manufacture packings and tire treads, at Jersey City, New Jersey; New York office. No. 120 Cedar street. James J. Coomber, of New York city, and William H. Cafifrey, of Brooklyn, are among the directors. The Bayne-Subers Tire and Rubber Co., October 5, 1907, under the Ohio laws; capital, $5000. Incorporators: L. A. Subers (president and manager of The Cosmopolitan Sanatorium Co., Cleveland, Ohio), Dr. R D. C. Bayne, A. T. Osborn, E. O. Peets, J. E. Taylor, O. N. McClintock, and Z. B. Sawyer. TRADE NEWS NOTES. Hopewell Brothers (Cambridge, Massachusetts), manufactur- ers of the Hopewell tire case described in The Indi.\ Rubber World September I, 1906 (page 394), announce that they have decided to furnish with each of their cases an inner tube case, in consequence of which they are making an advance in their list prices. In future they w-ill not sell tire cases without this tube case. Mr. R. G. Howell, who retired lately as manager of the Frank- lin car department of Wyckof?, Church & Partridge (New York), dealers in automobiles and tires, has had incorporated under the laws of New York state The R. G. Howell Co., with Mr. Howell as president and general manager and J. Z. Baten, treasurer, and headquarters at No. 1657 Broadway. They have secured the agency for The Northern Motor Car Co. (Detroit) for New York and vicinity. The O'Sullivan Rubber Co. include in their output of rubber heels the principal fashionable shapes in ladies' wear — something that not all the houses in the trade do. Their small "Cuban" heels, with flaring wings, are referred to as smaller than any other rubber heels in the market. Mr. W. N. Shelton, manager of the cravenette, mackintosh, and surface clothing department of the Hodgman Rubber Co. (New York), left for the West on October 15. for an extended tour among the Hodgman jobbers. 60 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [XOVEMUER I, 1907. TIHZS FOR THE CARRIAGE TRADE. The exhibition hold in connection with the thirty-fifth annual convention of the Carriage Builders' National Association, in New York, beginning on October 8, was located, as last year, in the St. Nicholas Rink. There was a goodly number of exhibitors of carriage parts and materials, and their displays were varied, extensive, and attractive. Among the exhibits of carriage ac- cessories were several leading tire firms, the list including: Consolidated Rubber Tire Co New York. The Diamond Rubber Co Akron. Firestone Tire and Rubber Co Akron. The B. F. Goodrich Co Akron. The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co Akron. The Hartford Rubber Works Co Hartford. Kokonio Rubber Co Kokomo. The Republic Rubber Co Youngstown. The Victor Rubber Co Springfield. The Victor Rubber Co. also showed a tire applying machine in operation. The MilhoUand solid and cushion rubber tire, with a new system of fastening, was shown by the MilhoUand Co. (Dunkirk, New York), and pneumatic tired wire wheels by The Mott Wheel Works (.Utica, N. Y.). The Fairfield Rubber Co. showed a fine line of carriage cloths and imitation leather. The L. C. Chase Co. had on display an attractive line of rubber ducks and drills and auto fabrics. The Fabrikoid Co. were also represented. Rubberset Brush Co. (Newark, New Jersey) showed their patent brushes with bristles set in hard rubber. UNITED STATES RUBBER CO.'S ISStJES. Transactions on the New York Stock Exchange for five weeks, ending October 28: Common Stock. Week Sept. 30 Sales 300 shares High 30 Low 27^ Week Oct. 7 Sales 2400 shares High 27 Low 26!/2 Week Oct. 14 Sales 1720 shares High 27^-2 Low 22>i Week Oct. 21 Sales 3450 shares High 22^ Low 17 Week Oct. 28 Sales 3700 shares High 205/2 Low 16 For the year — High, 52'/^, Feb. 16; low, 16, Oct. 25. Last year — High, 39j^; low, 38. First Preferred Stock. Week Sept. 30 Sales 810 shares High 92^4 Low 8954 Week Oct. 7 Sales 33S9 shares High 92'^ Low 88 Week Oct. 14 Sales 1885 shares High 88 Low 84J4 Week Oct. 21 Sales 5085 shares High 84 Low 75 Week Oct. 28 Sales 4589 shares High 79 Low 68 For the ytar — High, 109?^, Jan. 7; low, 68, Oct. 25. Last year — High, 115; low, io4.)4. Second Preferred Stock. Week Sept. 30 Sales 200 shares High 6if^ Low 61 ;4 Week Oct. 7 Sales 300 shares High 60 Low 60 Week Oct. 14 Sales 700 shares High 57 Low 53 Week Oct. 21 Sales 700 shares High 55 Low 48>< Week Oct. 28 Sales 510 shares High 50 Low 40 I'or the year — High, ySli, Jan. 7; low, 40, Oct. 26. Last year — High, 87 J-^; low, 75. The market for securities of every class has been depressed for some weeks past, without regard to the condition of the com- panies affected, due to reasons of financial stringency which now promise to be of a temporary character. POPE MANTTFACTURING 00. George A. Vui.e, of Kenosha, Wisconsin, has been appointed co-receiver of the Pope Manufacturing Co., to act with Albert L. Pope, whose appointment was reported lately in this journal. The work of the receivership will be so divided as to render Mr. Pope's presence in the West necessary less frequently than before. The Pope Manufacturing Co.'s plant at Westfield, where nearly 400 men were employed, with a weekly payroll of about $6,000, has been closed. Negotiations are understood to be in progress for the sale of the company's Pope-Toledo factory. The National Association of Automobile Manufacturers has declined to accept the resignation of .Albert L. Pope as president. visitors from para. The steamer Acre, one of the three new boats lately put in commission by the Lloyd Brazileiro for service between Rio de Janeiro and New York, on her first trip north, carried a party of tourists from Para and other Brazilian ports, who spent ten days- in sightseeing in New York, Boston. Philadelphia and Washing- ton and visited Niagara Falls. OBITUARY l.OTES. Trenor L. Park, senior partner in the Nev/ York and Boston cotton duck commission house of Catlin & Co., died on October 23, in his forty-eighth year, following a surgical operation. He was the son of Trenor W. Park, a Vermont lawyer, was gradu- ated from Harvard, and entered the Catlin firm in 1883. The. Indi.\ Rubber World is advised that the new Catlin co-partnership recently entered into will not be affected by the decease of Mr. Park. Bulletin No. 60 of the Meriden Rubber Planting Corporation,, issued from Tula de los Tuxtlas, Mexico, records the death, on August 28, of Mrs. Lanette Miller Foster, the wife of Mr. J. Herbert Foster, lately of Meriden, Connecticut, the founder of the company and its manager in Mexico. She had cooperated enthusiastically with her husband in the carrying out of his plans in Mexico and contributed in an important degree to the building^ up of an enjoyable social circle in their new locality, besides which she was an authoress of no little note. TRADE NEWS NOTES. A FIRE occurred on October 2 at the plant of The Rossendale- Reddaway Belting and Hose Co., Limited (Newark, New Jersey). The amount of the damage is not reported, but the insurance on the buildings and stock affected amounted to $28,300. Jinrikisha wire wheels for export, with English pattern clincher or cushion rims, and ij4 or i;^ inch solid rubber or rubber cushion tires, are a specialty of The Mott Wheel Works (Utica, New York). They supply also rubber tired wheels for victorias, dog carts, and sulkies. The Peerless Rubber Manufacturing Co. (Xcw York) were represented at the exhibition in connection with the convention of the American Street and Interurban Railway Manufacturers' Association, at Atlantic City, New Jersey, during the past month, by a display of their "Rainbow" packing, and also selections from their stock of hose, packing, step treads, and so on. Charles H. Oakley, formerly of the Aja.x-Grieb Rubber Co., is now with the Combination Rubber Manufacturing Co., of Bloomfield, New Jersey, as is also Charles McCoy, formerly of the Standard Rubber Co., of Trenton. The Barrett Manufacturing Co., of Philadelphia, have moved their offices from the Land Title building to their factory. Philip jNIcGrory, of Trenton, has about completed the dis- mantling of the South street plant of the Philadelphia Rubber Works, abandoned by the latter since the completion of their new plant. A train out from Utica, New York, for the Adirondacks, on October 27, was wrecked by the breaking of a truck, injuring several passengers. Among them was Leonard F. Requa. formerly of the Safety Insulated Wire and Cable Co. (New York), and j\Irs. Requa. the latter having been hurt more seri- ously than anyone else on the train. The Tehuantepec Rubber Culture Co. (New York) announce to their subscribers that the suspension of payment by the Knickerbocker Trust Co. (New York), which the company be- lieve to be only temporary, will in no wise embarrass the com- pany's interests. The rubber company recently invested in New York City bonds that portion of their funds not required for immediate operations, reducing their deposit with the Knicker- bocker Trust to a small figure. The registered style of a tire patent infringement suit men- tioned in The India Rubber World October i (page 23) was originally The G. & J. Tire Co. vs. United States Agency, Mich- elin Tire Co. On March 6, 1905, a petition was filed making the Michelin Tire American Agency a party defendant. The case has not been argued yet, counsel being engaged still in taking testi- mony. November i, 1907. J THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 61 TRADE NEWS NOTES. The St. Louis Rubber Cement Co. have opened a Boston office, at No. 161 Summer street, in charge of V\rtlliam O. Hadley, and it is announced that the company will establish stores at Haver- hill, Lynn, and Brockton, Massachusetts, for the more conveni- ent supply of the St. Louis cements to the New England trade. The Peerless Rubber Manufacturing Co. (New York) have added to their list of agencies one at No. 37 Hopkins place, Baltimore, Maryland. Frank C. Riggs has resigned as vice-president of The Fisk Rubber Co. to become affiliated with the Packard Motor Car Co., in charge of their commercial vehicle department. J. E. Ham, who has long been connected with the insulated wire trade, being latterly with the Hazard Manufacturing Co. (Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania), has' been appointed Western repre- sentative of the Waterbury Co. (New York), for the introduc- tion of their insulated wires, and will have charge of the Water- bury branch at No. 108 La Salle street, Chicago. Stanley Supply Co. (Dr. S. Stanley Jacobs, proprietor), No. .38 East Twenty-first street. New York, are surgical rubber specialists, supplying everything in rubber for hospital use. Tlicy have supplied many hospitals throughout the country, including those under control of the department of charities of New York city. Among their specialties are surgeons' operating gloves and the "Solo" pure rubber bottle cap. Boston Woven Hose and Rubber Co. are making a specialty of fruit jar rings in handy packages, which renders the trade in these articles more convenient than when the rings were shipped in bulk. Joseph Bondy's Sons (No. 17 Liberty street. New York) advise The India RunnER World that they are prepared to supply viscose, about which a correspondent inquired in a recent issue. Receivers have been appointed for the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co. (Pittsburgh) and affiliated corporations, on the application of H. H. Westinghouse. a stockholder. The reason given is that the company found it impossible to secure ready money for all the large contracts it has on hand, but no doubt is expressed that the company will be able to continue in business. L. T. Vance has become connected with the Sweet Tire and Rubber Co, (Batavia, New York). Dermot McEvoy has been appointed general manager of tlie Derby Rubber Co., rubber reclaimers, at Derby and Shelton, Connecticut, He is a mechanical engineer by profession, whose work has brought him into close contact with the rubber in- dustry. James C. Matlack. for some years with the International .\uto- mobile and Vehicle Tire Co., has been elected vice president and general manager of The Michelin Tire Co., who have acquired the International plant nt Milltown, New Jersey, and added to it largely, A copartnership has been formed to continue the business and firm of Catlin & Co. in the cotton duck trade, in New York, by Lowell Lincoln. Trenor L, Park, Charles E. Sampson, S. S. Widger and Arthur J. Cumnock, until January i, 191 1. The United States consul at Colon, Panama, in writing oflScially to Washington, expresses a desire for catalogues of rubber goods. The 1908 specifications for Reo automobiles, all models, call for Alichelin pneumatic tires, with Goodyear detachable rims, Anderson G, Wilson, a member of the firm of J. M. Ceballos & Co.. bankers and brokers, of New York — which firm made an assignment in October, 1906, on account, as alleged, of the failure of a Cuban correspondent — on September 4 filed a petition in the United States district court at Trenton, New Jersey, to have the firm declared bankrupt, with liabilities of $3,699,800.47. Counsel for the firm have until October 5 to file an answer. Messrs. Ceballos & Co., as general merchants, were at times con- signees for rubber to an important extent. Goodall Rubber Co., Inc., formerly at No. 153 North Fourth street, Philadelphia, removed during the past month to No. 704 Arch street, where they have greater floor space and better facihties generally for handling mechanical rubber goods. The firm make a specialty of railroad and contractors' wants. The Boston Belting Co., manufacturers of mechanical rubber goods of all kinds, are sending to their friends in the trade one of "King's Booklets," containing good views of the work in progress in constructing the Panama canal, and Panama views generally. PERSONAL MENTION. Monsieur Emile Alc.\.n", of the crude rubber firm Hccht Freres et Cie., of Paris, is visiting the United States, intending to sail for home about the 7th of this month. The friends of Mr. William M. Ivins, the New York lawyer, are beginning to regard him as the probable choice of his party for governor of New York state next year, on account of the interest taken in him by the public as the central figure in the investigation into transportation affairs in New York city. It will be recalled that Mr. Hughes, the present governor, first won ihe general attention in somewhat similar work in connection with probing the insurance company scandals. Mr. George M. Allerton, general manager of the Seamless Rubber Co. (New Haven, Connecticut), who for some three months has been slowly recovering from a severe attack of typhoid fever, is practically well again and back at his desk. Mr. Charles Howard Norton, advertising manager for George Borgf eldt & Co., and Miss Adele Eddy Black were married in New York on October 16, and started for Canada for their wedding journey. A handsome wedding present was sent by the members of the Borgfeldt firm. Charles H. Dale, president of the Rubber Goods Manufacturing Co., in addition to serving as an officer or director of most of the subsidiary concerns of that company, is on the board of three New York banks — the Merchants' Exchange, the Irving National, and the Century. A recent visitor to New York was described as Prince d'Abro Pazratido, of Egypt, whose family are wealthy and powerful in that country, and largely interested in cotton culture. The prince planned to visit the cotton growing region of the United States for the purpose of studying conditions there. Mr. R. Hale Smith, of The R. H. Smith Manufacturing Co. (Springfield, Massachusetts), an important rubber stamp con- cern, is reported to have narrowly escaped asphi.xiation while ex- perimenting in the laboratory of the company's works on Octo- ber 23, a gas heating apparatus being in use. Colonel Samuel P. Colt, president of the L^nited States Rub- ber Co., w'hose illness has been referred to in these columns lately, was improving at last accounts and hoped soon to be in his office again. THE LATEST RUBBER SUBSTITUTE. T T ARRY B. COX, a chemist of No. 77 Sigourney street, Hart- ^ * ford, Connecticut, has developed what he terms a substitute for india-rubber and has named it "Halcox." This is referred to as capable of being compounded as readily as natural rubber, and of being vulcanized with even greater facility. Mr. Cox says that it has the advantage over rubber that it may be produced in any required consistency — liquid, plastic, or stiflfer if required ■ — and that it can be held in a state as liquid as water, but nothing will be evaporated or lost as is the case where rubber is reduced to a liquid form by the use of naphtha. Mr. Cox informs The India Rubber World: "The product will soon be a regular market commodity, manufactured and backed by a prominent rubber company." For the rubber factory — Pearson's "Crude Rubber and Com pounding Ingredients." 62 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1907. Review of the Crude Rubber Market THE rubber market continues depressed, and quotations are even lower than a month ago. Buying at New York has been far from active, and for many grades only nominal quotations can be given. It is believed that the leading con- sumers have rubber due them on contracts for some months ahead, so that no decline in current prices serves to stimulate buying on a liberal scale. The quotations presented at this time require a word of explanation regarding the relative prices for Africans and Para grades. Business is actually being done in the latter at the prices quoted, and at a profit to the importers, it is asserted. As for Africans, the quantity handled is smaller and the demand more fitful, and each transaction is subject to special terms. But the manufacturer who demands a special grade of Africans must be prepared to pay liberally for it. It is not to be understood that an important quantity of Africans is being sold at higher prices than for Paras, but certain grades of the former are now being held at even higher figures than in the quotation list that follows. The regular Antwerp sale occurred on October 17, when 256 tons were offered and 183 tons found buyers. Messrs. C. Schmid & Co. advise The Indi.\ Rubber World: "Prices show on an average a decline of about 35 centimes per 100 kilos, or about 4 per cent, on values paid in September. As Para sorts declined meanwhile about 10 per cent., this result may be considered as relatively satisfactory." The next sale will take place November 13; the quantity will be about 450 tons. Para arrivals for the month, up to and including the 27th, were 2525 tons, of which 235 tons caucho, against 2590 tons for the same dates last year. Following are the prices at New York for Para grades, one year ago, one month ago, and October 30— the current date : Para. Nov. I, '06. Oct. i, '07. Oct. 30. Islands, fine, new ii9(S;i20 Islands, fine, old none here Upriver, fine, new i24'aT25 99@ioo none here io6@i07 1I0@II2 59^ 60 none here 88@ 89 none here 69(31 70 8s@ 86 I29C«I30 9i@ 92 —@ - g9@ioo losfg 106 56® 57 84(g' 85 62(0 63 8o@ 81 Ii3(gri4 Upriver, fine, old 128^129 Islands, coarse, new 72^: 7i Islands, coarse, old none here Upriver, coarse, new 96(5 97 Upriver, coarse, old none here Caucho (Peruvian) sheet 77('i- 7^ Caucho (Peruvian) ball 95(g? 96 Ceylon (Plantation) fine sheet 139^1:140 African. Sierra Lcnnc. 1st Lopori ball, prime quality 94@ 95 Massai, red 94@ 95 Benguella 65® 66 Accra tlakc l8@ 19 Cameroon ball 7i@ 7^ Centrals. Esmeralda, sausage... 82(a), 83 Mexican, scrap 82® 83 Guayaquil, strip 68(5)69 Mexican, slab 6o@ 61 Nicaragua, scrap 8l@ 82 Mangabeira, sheet 56® 57 Panama, slab 62(g 63 Guayule 4°® — E.\ST Indian. Assam oo@ 91 Borneo 36® 37 Lopori strip, prime. Madagascar, pinky.. Ikelemba I02®i03 Soudan niggers 83® 90 I0I@I02 95® 96 82® 83 Late Para cables quote : Per Kilo. Islands, fine 4$[2S Islands, coarse 2$350 Per Kilo. Upriver, fine 5$+25 Upriver, coarse 4$300 Exchange iS'Ad- Latest Manaos advices : Upriver, fine 5$450 Exchange i57-32rf. Upriver, coarse 3545° New York Prices for September (New Rubber). 1907. 1906. 1905. Upriver, fine 1.06® 1. 10 i.22®i.24 l.29®i.32 Upriver, coarse 88® .90 .92® .94 .91® .94 Islands, fine 99@ios i.i8@i.20 i.26®i.29 Statistics ot Para {Excluding Cauctio.) New York. Fine and Total. Medium. Coarse. 1907. Stocks, August 31 Tons 165 75 = 240 Arrivals, September 387 206 ^ 593 Total. Total. 1906. 1905. 147 417 723 445 Aggregating 552 Deliveries, September 428 281 = 833 232 — 660 870 777 862 546 Stocks, September 30 124 49 = Para. Stocks, August 31 . Tons 290 376 240 Arrivals, September.... 2230 1565 1230 173 93 316 England. 625 790 390 600 460 6go Aggregating Deliveries, September. 2520 1948 1941 1491 1470 1 195 1225 675 1250 550 1080 700 700 380 1906. 1905. 1,876 1,534 2,865 2,480 485 220 218 87 415 476 Stocks, September 30. 572 450 275 550 1907. World's visible supply, September 20.To}is 2.383 Para receipts, July to September 30 4.7-20 Para receiots, Cancho, same dates 610 Afloat Para to United States, September 30 383 Afloat Para to Europe. September 30 705 In regard to the financial situation Albert B. Beers (brokers in crude rubber and commercial paper, No. 6S William street. New York) advises as follows: "During the early part of October there was a small demand from out-of-town banks for paper at the full rates of 7@8 per cent,, but with the acute money conditions during the latter part of the month paper business came to a complete standstill." IMPORTS FROM PARA AT NEW YORK. [77(t- Fii;iit\'s Indicate Weight in Pounds.] October 3. — Uy the steamer Obidense, from Manaos and Im 'IRTERS. Fine. Medium. Poel New York Commercial Co A. T. Morse & Co.. GtneraJ Rubber Co. . t_. P. dos Santos .... Hagemeyer & Brunn. Edmund Reeks & Co Neal & Co & Arnold ^ 169,500 95.700 23,600 42,000 29,000 34.300 22,100 1,400 55.600 15,600 6,700 3.400 10,700 3,600 300 Coarse. 58,600 37.500 69,300 44,600 34.300 19,100 12,600 12,500 Para: Caucho. 300= 1,200= 2,700^ Total 417,600 95.900 288,500 October 14. — By the steamer Maranhctxse, from Manaos Importers. Fine. Medium. Coarse. Ntw York Commercial Co. . . . 129,100 27,900 General Rubber Co 107,400 Poel & Arnold. A. T. Morse & Co C. P. dos Santos Edmund Reeks & Co Czarniko\\-, McDougal & Co. 75,800 78,100 10,300 19,600 22,500 21,000 10,600 49,400 50,900 61,400 13.200 25,100 9,200 4.200:= and Pa Caucho. 2,700^ 17.500= Total. 284,000 150,000 99,600 92,700 74,000 53.400 38,300 14,200 = 806,200 Total 420,300 84,500 .:;09,200 21,200= October 24. — By the steamer Dunstan from Manaos and Para: New York Commercial Co. . 339.000 60.500 84.800 1,700= Poel & Arnold 151,000 31.000 76.800 2,300= General Rubber Co 120,300 13.600 99.5oo 20,300= 162,900 7,000 46,500 ....= A. T. Morse & Co Edmund Reeks & Co. Hagemeyer & Brunn. C. P. dob Santos. . . . 10,000 5,900 17,800 22,300= ra: Total. 209,100 198.300 158,200 102,900 25.100 22,000 19,600 735.200 486.000 262,000 253.700 216,400 22.300 15,900 17,800 Total 783,200 113.000 331.300 46.600= 1,274,100 [Note. — The steamer Madeirense from Para due at New York on No- vember 2d, with 325 tons of rubber.] Rubber Scrap Prices, New York prices— in cents per pound for carload lots— are practically unchanged. Shoes are a trifle lower: Old rubber boots and shoes — domestic Ii^@i2 Old rubber boots and shoes — foreign iiV4@ii/^ Pneumatic bicvcle tires 7V2@ 7^ Automobile tires 9?^(??io Solid rubber wagon and carriage tires 10 (??ioJ4 White trimmed rubber I2V^@I2^ Heavy black rubber SM^ 6 Air brake hose 4-)4f^ S Fire and large hose 3*>^(^ 3^ Garden hose sVlfr? 2^4 Matting I V^@ 15^ November i, igo-.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 63 MASSACHUSETTS CHEMICAL CO. WALPOLE, MASS., U. S. A. Operate Walpole Rubber Works, Walpole Varnish Works. RUBBER MANUFACTURERS CAN SAVE MONEY BY USING OUR No. 17 RUBBER RI-UX No. 48 It permits additional compounding and puts old stocks in a merchantable condition Our Flux is used extensively by wire manufacturers for slicking and weatherproofing. Write for prices and samples. We are the largest manufacturers of Friction Tapes in the world. If interested write us about Friction Tape and Cloth. THIS HANDSOME COLORED HANGER. 26 x 17, IS FITRNISHED GRATIS WITH ORDERS FOE GLORIA RUBBER SROINGES PRUSSIAN RUBBER SPONGES Carried in Stock for Prompt Delivery Also full line for import of Hanover Red Rubber Toys, Inflated, Painted and Gray Rubber Balls, etc. THE HANOVER RUBBER CO., Ltd. (Hannoversche Gummi-Kamm Co., Act.'Ges.) Manouor-LitTime'r, F*russia GEO. BORGFELDT & CO. SOLE AGENTS FOR U. S. AND CANADA 48 & 50 W. 4th St., NEW YORK PARA RUBBER VIA EUROPE. Pounds. September 21. — By the A rabic^l^iverpoo\ : Poel & Arnold (Caucho) 55, 000 Poel & Arnold (Fine) 4,500 59,500 September 25. — By the President Grants Hamburg: New York Commercial Co (Fine) 13.000 Rubber Trading Co. (Fine) 8,000 21,000 September 30. — By the A/i««c/ia/ia^London' General Rubber Co. (Coarse) .... 7,000 October 2. — By the Car;jWHia=Liverpool: New York Commercial Co. (Fine) 13,500 Robinson &• Stiles (Fine) 1 1,500 New York Commercial Co. (Caucho) 11.500 36,500 October 4. — By the Ct'dr(c=Liverpool : New York Commercial Co. (Fine) 27,000 October 7. — By the ^dt'flMCf=M'ollendo: New York Commercial Co. (Fine) 22,500 A. D. Hitch & Co. (Fine) 3.500 F. Rosenstein & Co. (Fine) 3.500 New York Commercial Co. (Coarse) 3.000 32,500 October 8. — By the L«rania:=LiverpooI: New York Commercial Co. (Fine) 17,000 N. Y. C. Co. (Coarse) 9.000 Robinson & Stiles (Fine) 11.000 \V. L. Gough Co. (Coarse) 9,000 46,000 October 16. — By the CaroHia=:Liverpooi: General Rubber Co. (Caucho).. 75,000 October 16. — By the President Liucohi= Hamburg: W. L. Goui^h Co. (Fine) 3»ooo OTHER NEW YORK ARRIVALS. CENTRALS, Pounds. September 21. — By the Fi)io)ife=:Colon: L. Tohnson & C:i q,ooo G. Amsinck & Co 8,000 Hirzel. Feltman & Co 6,000 Piza Nephews Co 4,000 Dumarest Bros. Co 2,500 Roldan & Van Sickle 1,500 Henry Mann & Co 1,000 32,000 September 21. — By the Can it in g=Bahia: General Rubber Co 20,000 J. H. Rossback Bros 13.000 New York Commercial Co 8,000 A. Hirsch & Co 4,000 45,000 September 22. — By the Mf.n'co=Pernambuco: Harburger & Stack 7,000 Graham, Hinkley Co 1,000 E. Steiger & Co 1 ,000 H. Marquardt & Co 1,000 10,000 September 23. — By the .^/(ai=Colon; Johnson & Co 7.000 G. Amsinck & Co 1.500 Hirzel, Feltman & Co 1,000 9,500 September 24. — By the Goyor^Pcrnambuco: A. D. Hitch & <,o 4,500 September 23. — By the Santiago=T3impico: New York Commercial Co *78,ooo Ed. Maurer *30,ooo Poel & Arnold *20,ooo Diamond Rubber Co *io, 000*138, 000 64 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1907. GUAYU WHEN PROPERLY CURED AND MIXED WITH OTHER COMPOUNDS IS THE CHEAPEST RUBBER ON THE MARKET There is As Much Difference Between the Various Brands of Guayule as Between Fine Para and Shoddy Guayule made from old, sun exposed shrub is dead, dirty and sticky, and no amount of washing will make it clean, while rubber made from freshly cut, selected shrub, has life, low percentage of resin and is practically clean. Guayule has come to stay and is responsible for the drop in fine Para. The largest factories are using it in increasing quantities. If your competitor can undersell you, be sure he is reducing his cost by using Guayule. It will pay you to experiment. OUR BRAND has been on the market for over 18 months and is known to be the best Guayule made as to life, strength, purity and low percentage of resin OUR PORFIRIO BRAND is the same high grade Guayule, clean and dry, ready for compounding. No stocks kept on hand to deteriorate, but contracts made for regular monthly shipments as capacity of our five factories will permit. For Samples and Quotations apply to ED. MALRER 97 Water St., NEW YORK Sole Representative of the MADERO interests in Mexico, largest owners of Guayule November i, iqo/I THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 65 CENTRALS— Conliintc J. September 26. — By the Co/oH=Colon: CENTRALS— Conlmiifc/. 8.500 1.500 1,000 1,000 1. 000 13.000 Monterey. Co =Vera Cruz: Adrance- 2,500 2,000 1,000 Colon : 11,500 11,000 2,500 2,000 1,000 i«copo/ii=London: Robinson & Stiles 9.000 September 25.— By the President Grant= Hamburg: Poel & -Arnold 68,000 W. L. Cough Co 5.500 George ,A. Aldcn & Co 1.500 75.000 September 28. — By the Feninsular^LHhon: Poel & Arnold 22,500 October i. — By the /Crooii/aiid=.Antwerp: .A. T. Morse & Co 6.500 W. L. Gough Co 3.500 10,000 October 2. — By the Carma«io=LiverpooI: George A. Alden & Co 13,500 October S.— By the Z«/and=Antwerp: A. T. Morse & Co 100.000 General Rubber Co S4.000 Poel & .Arnold 90,000 Georee A. .\lden & Co 79.000 Joseph Cantor 25,000 RobinsO'i & Stiles 13.500 391, 500 October 8. — By the Li«;a)iia=Livcrpool: General Rubber Co 3".ooo A. T. Morse & Co 22.000 George A. Alden & Co 17,000 76,000 October 8. — By the La Gascognc^llivie: Henry A. Gould Co 5.000 October 10. — By the ri'i((o"ii:=London: Poel & Arnold 13.500 Livesey & Co 6.500 20.000 October ii. — By the Pa(ricia=Hamburg: Poel & .Arnold 45.000 W. L. CKiugh Co 2.500 47.500 October 12. — By the Cf i(i"c=LiverpooI : Poel & .Arnold I I.SOO October 12. — By the P/i>/arfc//>ftia= Bordeaux: Gen.-ral Rubber Co 67,000 Rubber Trading Co 2,500 69,500 October 12. — By the ^m«-ifeo=Hamburg: George A. Alden & Co 11,500 October 14.— By the FlH?aiid=Antwerp: A. T. Morse & Co 7.000 OcTOBEH 16. — By the CarOHia=Liverpool: G-ueral Rubber Co ii.soo Waw Products Co 5.500 Robinson S: Stiles 3.50o 20,500 October 16. — By the President Lincoln= Hamburg: George A. Alden & Co 27,000 .A. T. Mcrse & Co 11,500 Rubber Trading Co 2,500 W. L. Gough Co 3.500 44,500 October 17. — By the H«rfMi:=Havre : Poel & .\rnold 145.000 Livesey & Co i.5oo 140.500 October ig.— By the .•lra(>ic=Liverpool: Poel & Arnold 62,500 October 21.— By the La Bre(ogMe=Havre: George A. Alden & Co 18,000 EAST INDIAN. September 24. — By the MmH^apo/ii=:London: Robinson & Stiles 11,500 Robinson & Stiles *3,5oo Poel & Arnold 5,000 A. T. Morse & Co '2,500 22,500 October 7. — By the Jtro>ia=Singapore: Heabler .1 Co 22,500 George A. Alden & Co 11,500 34,000 Balata. October 3. — By the Guia'io=Demerara: George -A. Alden & Co 11,500 A. T. Morse & Co 4.500 16,000 October 5. — By the Grc>tada=Bolivar: Frame & Co 7.000 .American Trading Co 4,000 11,000 October 5. — By the Prins. [^i7/fm=Demerara : George A. Aldtn & Co 11.500 A. T. Morse & Co 5.500 Middleton & Co 4.500 21,500 October 9. — By the JCoro«a=Demerara: George A. Alden & Co 17,000 Middleton & Co 6,000 23,000 October 16.— By the !7//er=Denjerara: Middleton & Co 7,ooo G. .\1n4inck & Co 5.000 12,000 CUSTOM HOUSE STATISTICS. PORT OF NEW YORK— SEPTEMBER. Imports : Pounds. India-r-.;bber 3,078,024 Balata 70,009 Gutta-percha 19.224 Gutta-jetulmg 1.271.7S4 Value. $2,149,860 40,435 11.559 80,793 Total 4,439.041 $2,282,647 Exports: India rubber 104.237 $88,438 Balata '4-414 5.398 Reclaimed rubber 180,424 24,787 Rubber Scrap Imported... 898,021 $100,500 66 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [November i, 1907. Vol. 37. NOVEMBER 1, 1907. No. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS Editorial: Standardization of Tires 33 Overproduction of Rubber ' 33 The Cotton Situation 34 Why Not a Special Pattnt Court? 34 Min(.ir Editorials 35 Standardization of Electric Lighting Materials 36 [Followed by: Aluminum for Electric Conductors. A New In- sulating Pitch. Future of the Wireless.] Italy's Great Rubber Factory (Pirelli's) 38 [With S Illustrations.] The India-Rubber Trade in Great Britain. Our Regular Correspondent. 41 [Passage of Gases. Brcadhurst & Co. Peruvian Rubber Co. Motor Tire .Analyses. Tire Notes.] Rubber Interests in Europe 42 The Rubber Planting Interest 43 [Increased Acreage in Ceylon. Planting in Dutch North Borneo. Guatemala. Hawaiians Planting in the Malay States. East Sumatra. Java. Hawaii. Papua. Even Siam Plants Rubber. French Congo. Yield of Planted Rubber. Overproduction. Statistics of Production.] A Leading Rubber Planter 45 [Portrait of II. K. Rutherford.] Commercial Vehicle Trials 46 [Illustrated.] New Rubber Goods in the Market 47 [\'nlley r.all. "l^mpire" Tire Repairer and Pad. Complexion Brush. Razor in a Rubber Cast, "Eclair" Pump Connection. Steel .Armored Ignition Cable. Portable Tank for Gasolene. Tire .runk and Coat Rail Bag. Pneumatic Helmet.] [With 9 Illustrations.] Recent Patents Relating to Rubber 49 [United States. Great Britain. France.] Miscellaneous: High Estimate of Patent \'alues 35 Not .\dmitttd as Scrap 35 Madison Garden I-Iectrical Show 37 Production of Sulphur 40 A Bit of Factory Practice J. IV. Cary 40 New Substitutes for Leather 44 The Return of the Bicycle 46 Sea Island Cotton Prices 54 Rubber from DispTited Territory 54 Rubber Profits on the Kasai 54 Tht Mexican Rubber Planters 55 The "Manicoba" Rubbers 55 Some Hodpman Specialties ( flltt.;. .A.ugust, 1907 3,72.3.698 January-July 46,777.211 Eight months, 1907 50,500,909 Eight months, 1906 42,283,577 _Eight months, 1905 44,679,510 EXPORTS. 362,975 2.66 1 .'!^22 3.024,797 2,358.857 2,052,652 NET IMPORTS. 3.360.723 44,115,389 47.476,112 39,924.720 42,626,858 GERMANY. MONTHS. .A.ugust, 1907. January-July IMPORTS. 2,969,120 21,255.520 Eight months. 7907 24.224,640 Eight months, igo6 25,497,340 Ei g ht months, 19 05 29,686,140 EXPORTS. 849.200 7.402,340 8,251,540 7,564,040 10,16 9, 720 NET IMPORTS. 2,119,920 13,853,180 15.973.100 17,933,300 19,5 16,420 FRANCE.* MONTHS. .\ugust. 1907. January-July IMPORTS. 2.152,040 20,054.10') Eight months. 1907 22,206,140 Eiglit months, 1906 21,413.260 Ei ght months, 1905 18,1 73,540 EXPORTS. 1,368,18a 12,364,660 13.732,840 1 1 .SS5.940 10,788,580 NET IMPORTS. 7S3.860 7,689,440 S.473.300 9.527,320 7,384,960 GREAT BRITAIN. MONTHS. IMPORTS. .August, 1907 4,600,400 January-July 48,110.608 Eight months. 1907 52.711.008 Eight months, 1906 43,684,368 Eight months, 1905 42,288.960 EXPORTS. 3.343,984 24,430.560 27.774.544 23,796,192 23,112.440 NET IMPORTS. 1.256,416 23.680.048 24.936,464 1 9.888. 1 76 19,176.520 The BEST BUCKLES for ARCTICS ARE HADE BY THE WELD MFQ. CO., 41 Lincoln Street, • • Boston. TABLE OF CONTENTS 100. BUYERS' DIRECTORY 52. f^ P RAIN COATS Most have this Circolar Trade Mark atamped in inside of coat.. ■3 il Q a o ;: ° S §i Kum-ft»f Vol. xxxvn. No. 3. Edited by HENRY C. PEARSON— Offices, No. 35 West 21st Street, NEW YORK. DECEMBER 1, 1907. 35 CENTS. $3.00 Per Year. $3.50 Abroad. GUAYULE OUR OF THE FINEST QUALITY IS OFFERED THE TRADE IN PARRA BRAND OUR RESULTS OBTAINED SHOW ITS SUPERIORITY. THE SAME FINE ftUALITY IS PUT INTO DURANGO BRAND WHICH IS SPECIALLY PREPARED. CLEAN AND DRY. READY FOR COMPOUNDING. FOR SAMPLES AND PRICES APPLY TO ED, MAURER, - ■ ^7 water street, SOLE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE MADERO INTERESTS IN MEXICO. NEW YORK LARGEST OWNER OF GUAYULE. BENZOL THE MOST POWERFUL RUBBER SOLVENT ""Z.rr."' THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [December i, 1907. MARK OF QUALITY SPECIAL ATTEMTIOH OTTES TO EZFORT BUSHTSSS. ESTAB LISHED 1854 CORSESPONSEMCE AKB IKQITiaiES SOUCITEB. The Canadian Rubber Co. of Montreal MANUFACTURERS OF L.I/»\ITBI3 ALL KINDS OF HIGH GRADE GENERAL RUBBER GOODS AND SOLE MAKERS OF THE Celebrated "CANADIAN" Rubbers We are always open to correspond with experienced Rubber men, both for Factory and Biecutive Work. D. LORNE McGIBBON, Factory and Executive Offices: Inrentlons kindred to the Trade ' and Ideas for deTelopment, Lnrlted. MriiyXDP A I D O ^^^ DeTelopment Department glfc% iTi^^i-^ ■ i%i..>4i., r» ^m ^jjggg matters special attention. Canadian Sales Branches: HALIFAX, N. S., MONTREAL, Que., TORONTO. Ont., WINNIPEG, Man., REGINA, SASK.. CALGARY, Alta., VANCOUVER, B. C, VICTORIA, B. C. J. C. NICHOLSON, M. C. MTTIXAilKY, R. J. TOUNGE, a. LLOYD JONES, Vic©-Pres. & Majiaging Director. Manager Mechanical Goods. Manager Footwear Dept. Sales Manager. Sact.-Tr«as. B. LOEWENTHAL ^ COMPANY NEW YORK, 136 Liberty St. CHICAGO, 162 5th Avenue. Cable MJress " Gyblowtll " New York. Uthu't Codt Uicd. BUY AND SELL IN ANY ORADE IN ANY QUANTITY. SCRAP RUBBER William H. Scheel jMcrcbant Telephone Call 840 Jehn Retfi.lered Cableeram Address, "OBUGATO, New Torn 159 Maiden Lane and 37 Fletcher Street NEW YORK, NEW YORK, U. S. A. Rubber Makers' Necessities and Supplies for Producers of Surfacers, for Waterproofing, Saturating Materials and Electrical Insuleting Purposes, viz. : RUBBER SURROGATES White and Brown SULPHURETTE.ANTIMONY Golden and Crimson RED OXIDE HYPO BLACK CHLORIDE OF SULPHUR GENUINE LITHARGE Powdered and Flake SULPHUR VEGETABLE BLACKS BLACK FILLER BISULPHIDE CARBON TETRACHLORIDE CARBON LIME FLOUR PIGMENTS Standard and Brilliant VERMILION ROSIN Chemically Treated SHELLAC GILSONITE ASPHALTUM HYDRO CARBON MINERAL RUBBER ELASTIC COMPOUND COMPO BLACK WAXES. Ceresine, Ozokerite VARNISH MAKERS' SUPPLIES INSULATING COMPOUNDS PLEASE WRITE FOR QUOTATIONS We are alert to present unknown natural products to the producers of rubber goods and others so soon as our investigating department finds them of sufficient interest. ADOLRH HIRSCH & CO. Imporlsrs and Dealsrm In Brazil Manicoba and Sheet Rubber OF ALL DESCRIPTIONS BRIDGE ARCH, 17 Frmnkfort St., NEW YORK T*l»>tione 3198 Be«k inui Cable Address ' Adliirschco' ELECTRIC HOSE & RUBBER CO., WILMINGTON, DELAWARE. MANUFACTURERS OF Hose for all purposes by a new and improved process — made in any continuous length. Vulcanized under pressure. Cannot possibly unwrap or separate between plies. Great strength and durability. Mention the India Rubber World when yoti wriU. THE EUREKA STEAM TRAP. In construction the most simple ; in work, just as good as its construction is simple. Used by the Navy, Steel Mills, Paper Mills and Rubber Mills. Indispensable for Presses and Vulcanizers. OSGOOD SAYEN, 421 Arcade Building, Philadelphia, Pa. MentiaH Tk* India Rubbtr World tvhtn yon writ*. December i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 67 ^-P^* Published on the 1st of each Konth hj THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHING No. 35 WEST 2 1st STREET. NEW YORK. CABLE ADDRESS: IRWORLD. NEW YORK. GO., HENRY C. PEARSON, EDITOR. HAWTHORNE HILL, ASSOCIATE. Vol. 37. DECEMBER 1, 1907. No. 3. Subscriptions : $3.00 per year, $1.75 lor six months, postpaid, for the United States and dependencies and Mexico. To the Dominion of Canada and all other countries, $3.50 (or equivalent funds) per year, postpaid. Advbhtisino : Rates will be made Unown on application. Remittances : Should always be made by bank draft. Postofflce or Ex- press money orders on New York, payable to Tub India Robbbb Publishing Company. Remittances for foreign subscriptions should be sent by International Postal order, payable as above. Discontinuances ; Yearly orders for subscriptions and advertising are regarded as permanent, and after the first twelve months they will be discontinued only at the request of the subscriber or ad- vertiser. Bills are rendered promptly at the beginning of each period, and thereby our patrons have due notice of continuance. COPYRIGHT, 1907, BY THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHINO CO. Entered at New York postofflce as mall matter of the second class. TABLE OF CONTENTS ON LAST PAGE READING MATTER. THE BUSINESS SITUATION. THE disturbance in the financial world, centering in New York, which lias prevailed during a month past, apparently has become much less acute already. Considerable time may be required, however, for general business to recover from the shock caused by the inter- ruption to the working of the credit system upon which practically all commerce is based. A few banks having been compelled to suspend — some of them have re- opened already — there was a widespread tendency to hoard cash and to accept all forms of commercial paper with caution. There is, of course, no less money in exist- ence than before, and no real wealth has ceased to exist. But there was a general curtailment of buying, apart from the limiting of credit, and many persons forced suddenly to realize upon securities found themselves much poorer by the shrinkage for the time being in values. As a result every form of business has been affected in some way, and international commerce as well' has felt the effect of the crisis. The whole situation has been one of suspended credit — the stoppage of the work of an intricate and wonderfully ^ ramified machine. The United States as a nation are ^ vastly more solvent than in 1893, the date of the last I real "panic." and as the keynote of American life is ^^ optimism the present financial flurry is likely to be passed ^ much sooner than the event of fourteen years ago. The Q causes of the existing situation, of course, remain to be defined and dealt with, but there is no such emergency as to cause fear that capable hands will not be found for this work. Business in the rubber trade appears to have lieen in larger volume during the twelvemonth preceding the recent disturbances than in any other like period, and LiBRi very many persons were disposed to feel that good trade NEW > conditions would continue indefinitely. At the leading R;i7 centers, however, a feeling of caution was taking shape. Great transportation companies, estopped from further expansion by an unfriendly anti-corporation spirit which hindered them from securing further capital, were buy- ing fewer supplies, and other evidences of a "slowing down" were evident to observant financiers. Finally, the better sentiment in the banking world demanded the re- tirement of certain speculative elements, which was fol- lowd by a "run" on a few banks and their suspension, but there is no proof that any of those banks is not solvent. The result of all this has been a marked check to activity in the rubber trade, along with other forms of business. The feeling is general that this will not be long continued, but just how long is the question. After recovery, what? The country must continue to develop, and must have more commodities of all kinds, rubber goods included. Doubtless an era of more caution in the matter of credits is at hand, and less recklessness in the matter of doing business with insufficient capital. If, added to those desirable features, there shall be an improvement in the currency system, devised by congress as a result of this recent object lesson, the so-called "panic" of 1907 may not prove an unmixed evil. QUACKERY IN THE TIRE FIELD. THE first pneumatic tire ever made doubtless ended its career by becoming punctured, and possibly the same thing will happen to the last pneumatic tire that ever will be made. Yet not all these tires sutifer such a fate, and the chances that a good tire will ren- der good service are so great that many millions have been made and sold and used, and the rate of produc- tion is now greater than ever before. A single firm an- nounced recently thj-.t it had produced altogether up- wards of a million pneumatic automobile tires, and everybody who has bought one tire knows that a mill- ion of them call for a big pile of money. What better proof could there be that rubber tires are good tires? At the same time there appear to be in the world some millions of timorous souls who regard all pneu- matics with distrust. They want pneumatics, but in- sist upon it that they shall not puncture. What is more, they undertake to aid the tire by investing in all kinds of puncture preventing devices or substances. The recent financial stringency might have been avoided if the banks could have had command of all the money which inventors of so-called anti-puncture systems have paid out in patent office fees. Some of 68 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [December i, 1907. these schemes have progressed far enough to be of- fered to the trade, and, totally regardless of merit, these have found buyers. It all reminds one of the patent nostrums for the cure of human ailments. There are people with all sorts of real or fancied diseases who seem constantly to be on the lookout for new remedies for them ; the more ridiculous the claims made for any given "cure- all,'' and the less it is countenanced by men learned in medicine, the more apt the stufif is to find buyers. So with the anti-puncture inventions. It appears to us that if any of these schemes had any merit it would be recognized by no one sooner than by the reputable makers of pneumatic tires, who would gladly and speedil}' ofifer to buy them at prices that would make the inventors rich. The best judges of puncture pre- ventives or cures ought to be the men who have made the pneumatic tire an article of so much value to the world. THE COMING DEMAND FOR SOLID TIRES. THE commercial motor trials in England, under the aus- pices of the Royal Automobile Club, reported in this journal last month, have been followed by events in other European countries which indicate a deep and widespread interest in the practical development of this class of vehicles. In fact, the commercial motor just now appears everywhere to be attracting a larger degree of public attention, relatively, than automobiles of anv other type, which is not unnatural. The automobile as first developed, while undoubtedlv of great utilty, is first of all an article of luxury, which has appealed to popular interest largely on account of its connection with sport of a spectacular sort. Its use is limited to the wealthier members of society, and people of at least comparative leisure — classes liable to become deeply absorbed in a new form of recreation for a while, after which it gives way to some other diversion. It is not meant here to intimate that the use of automobiles as pleasure carriages has reached its limit, or shows any signs of coming to an end ; but the growth of such use that has been so marked during ten years past can hardly continue indefinitely at the same rate. Like horse drawn carriages, the automobile is for the most part an article of luxury, and the demand for such articles is subject, often without warning, to curtailment, just as now happens, when far-reaching economic changes are in progress in Europe and America alike. 'We have seen no reason to describe the situation in New York, for example, as resembling in any way a "panic," but it is conceded, we believe, that the placing of orders for new cars at the recent great automobile shows was less active than in former years, though the exhibits were of a higher type of excellence. The situation is simple- one of greater caution in the matter of spending money for what mav be done without. The commercial vehicle, however, belongs to a class wholly apart. As the automobile was first developed to a high degree in Europe, so the possibilities of the self propelled goods wagon were first appreciated there, and the economy of the latter is being studied now as a com- mercial question of the first rank. The same condition is developing in America, where, the makers of automo- biles having brought themselves in line with the leading makers abroad, the construction of practical and econom- ical commercial vehicles is being taken in hand. It is an indication of the new progress that a special exhibition of commercial motors is now in progress in Chicago. The difference between these and the pleasure vehicles is that the former are in a broader sense articles of neces- sity. The business man who may feel impelled for any reason to stop buying automobiles, may at the same time decide to buy more commercial vehicles, as an element in the more economical running of his business. And in this class must be reckoned motor 'buses, motor cabs, and the like. It is true that the motor 'bus services of London and Berlin have not realized all the promises made for them, but signs of improvement are in sight, and in Lon- don at least the number of horse drawn cabs on the street has been lessened very materially within a year or two. All of which leads to the suggestion of the importance, on the part of the rubber industry, of providing tires suited to commercial vehicles, with no less painstaking than has been shown in the case of pneumatics. The fact that a tire is solid, and therefore immune against punc- tures, does not justify equipping a delivery wagon with cheap, poorly compounded, possibly ill-fitting rubber. Economy in use is the test — the lowest cost per service mile — and while many excellent solid tires have been made, we greatly doubt that the limit of improvement in them has been reached. This is a matter of all the more importance to the rubber trade, for the reason that ulti- mately the demand for tires for commercial vehicles must be many times greater than for any other class of auto- mobiles. THE INDUSTRY IN JAPAN. /'^UR readers will remember the appearance in this ^^ liajier a montli nr two ago of some views of build- ings of the industrial exhibition held at Tokio during the past summer, together with some notes from a Japanese correspondent on the progress made by his countrymen in many branches of manufactur- ing, including the rubber industry. This exhibition, as was then stated, was purely national, no foreign dis- plays having been invited. Had the few imposing buildings shown in our illustrations constituted the whole exhibition, it would have been no small attair, but this was not the case. We have seen an album of views of all the structures put up for the occasion — numerous, extensive, and many of them architecturally attractive. The mere fact of their existence proved a December i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 69 deep and substantial interest in industrial develop- ment, and all reports are to the effect that the con- tents of the buildings were worthy of the pains taken to house them. Moreover, the people evinced their interest by a liberal patronage of the exhibition. On a single day, we learn, there were 116,000 visitors, and the gates were open for several months. All this, of course, did not have to do with rubber. But its pertinence to the rubber industry is clear. The industries of modern Japan are being developed along lines copied from Europe and America, and as every- body knows, each new industrial advance makes a new demand for rubber goods, to say nothing of the in- dividual consumption of rubber among the people. This is understood in Japan as elsewhere, and the gov- ernment has not been slow to use its influence to en- courage the production at home of every class of rub- ber goods that may be required, especially for public use. This governmental policy is similar to that of Italy, a great rubber factory in which country was described in the last India Rubber World. Italy is now obliged to import practically nothing in the shape of rubber goods. Not only this, but she exports such goods to an important extent, both to countries having no rub- ber factories, and to those in which the industry is so highly developed as in the United States. For ex- ample, we have shown that for the "harnessing of Niagara," Italy, in competition with the world, secured contracts for the great rubber insulated cables used for transmitting power from the falls. The Italian enterprise is mentioned here only as an illustration of the development actually made in the rubber industry in a country in which it has been founded only in recent years. This will show at least that age in the industry will not be requisite to place Japan in an important position among rubber manu- facturing nations. THE QUESTION OF PLANTING PROFITS. AS has been reported lately in this paper, the rubber trees tapped on the Vallambrosa estate last year showed a profit of nearly $1 gold each. The Val- lambrosa company paid in dividends to its stockholders nearly $200,000 in gold last year. Therefore, say some enthusiastic planting companies in glowing circulars : "We can certainly do the same." But can they? We certainly hope so, and believe that some of them will do better. But if Vallambrosa plants Hevea rubber in the Far East and is successful it does not prove that Castilloa planted in Central America under different management will be equally successful. In other words, would not absolute fairness to the investor in selling stock of a plantation growing Castilloa, or Ceara, or Kickxia, lead the seller to explain that it was a different tree, possiblv in their judgment a better tree, but anyhow to explain? This is not written with the idea of insinuating that the Hevea is the only rubber tree that can be cultivated profit- ably. It is our belief that all of the trees named, in the right location, and properly handled, will be good pro- ducers. Is it not, however, the planters' duty of sorts other than Hevea, and in locations other than Ceylon or the Federated Malay States, to furnish facts and figures showing production and profits — that is, if they are going to sell stock ? One of the .most singular things in connection with the rubber history is the failure of England — a country which ranks so high in this branch as a whole — to do better in respect of hard rubber. It appears that the last factory in the United King- dom making a specialty of hard rubber goods, after a one time prosperous career, has been closed, with no prospect of having a successor. The English continue to make other rubber goods in large quantities, and to export them on an increasing scale, but they must send abroad for hard rubber. It is not strange that the British fiscal policy should be blamed by some for this con- dition, but this is more easily asserted than proved. Besides, why should the eflfect of free trade upon hard rubber differ from its effect upon soft rubber? Evidently there are people somewhere else who have mastered the hard rubber industry better than the English, and perhaps it would be wise for manufacturers in this line in several other countries not to feel too securely en- trenched against competition from abroad. It -■kppe.^rs in order to observe that, although rubber price levels have changed recently to a greater extent than for a year or two past, so little has been heard of the alleged influence of speculators upon the market. In the financial world speculators are ever busy in "bearing" as well as in "bulling" the prices of stocks, but it is only when rubber begins to soar that the cry is heard that it is the work of speculators. Xo doubt speculation — in the sense in which the word is most commonly used — is responsible as often for cheaper as for dearer rubber. But in the long run speculators do not "make the market," and until conditions arise not yet foreseen, consumers must take long chances in the matter of figuring on what their raw rubber is going to cost them for any considerable time ahead. Inquiry is beginning to be active for machinery for use in the preparation of raw rubber — for the new type of "rubber fac- tory" to which we devoted an article recently. The demand for such machinery is of too recent growth for standard types to have resulted, but the demand is growing, and likely to rival in im- portance the requirements for rubber goods factories. It does not seem too early for enterprising machinery builders to begin to turn their attention to this new rubber interest; some are doing it already. The planters' ASSOCi.'iTioNS in Ceylon and the Federated Malay States, without doubt, have promoted the rubber planting interest in those colonies to an important degree. They have brought about the cooperation of their members in many matters per- taining to plantation development, the preparation and marketing of rubber, dealing with the local authorities, and so on. The associations have thus become recognized as truly representative of the planting interest, as, for example, when petitioning the government on any matter of mutual importance to the estate owners. But the high character maintained by these organizations is due not a little to the fact that they have never been used for the selfish advantage of individual members, but only for the common benefit. 70 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [December i, 1907. THE EDITOR'S BOOK TABLE. BOLIVIA. THE CEXTR.-VL HIGHWAY OF SOUTH AMERICA, a Land of Rich Resources and Varied Interest. [By] Marie Robinson Wright. Philadelphia: Gtorge Barrie & Sons. [1907.] [Qoth. Large 4to. Pp. 450 and map. Price $10.] THIS is not the first work on South America from the pen of the lady whose name adorns the title page of the present sumptions volume, and her previous performances had prepared us to form expectations with regard to her "Bolivia" which have not been disappointed. Mrs. Wright has actually traveled in the countries she describes under conditions which have won for her mission the sympathetic interest and cooperation of official and the best social circles, and given her an opportunity to study the circumstances of life of even the primitive in- habitants. Throughout this work runs a thread of narrative of personal experience which heightens its interest to the reader. Her per- spective is such as to afford an informing amount of detail, without wearying one who follows her, while on every page is at least one illustration which either tells a story by itself or serves to elucidate the text. We feel that most readers will agree with Mrs. Wright that Bolivia is a land of great interest, and to very many of them it doubtless will prove a veritable new found land. It is not too much to say that this is the best single work on Bolivia in English. The authoress visited the rubber districts on the Beni river and presents a number of photographic views illustrating the rubber gathering industry, some of which are the best pictures in this line that we have seen. CAOUTCHOUC E GUTTA-PERCHA. PER IL DOTT. LLIGI SET- timj. (Manuali Hoepli.) Milan; Ulrico Hoepli. 1907. [Cloth. i6nio. Pp. xvi 4- 253. Price 3 lire = 60 cents.] This is one of a series of practical manuals issued by a lead- ing Italian publisher, written by an official chemist in Rome. The salient points of the history and sources of rubber are covered, though the author has the usual difficulty in handling the barbarous names which the botanists serve up to us. He is more at home in describing the physical and chemical proper- ties and preparation of rubber, and in the basal principles of its manufacture. We cannot entertain his notion that Panama rubber, for instance, is made from Hevea smoked with palm nuts and boughs of rubber trees; nor can we quite agree with him that the centrifugal process of treating latex is a grand success. He describes the manufacture of automobile tires with delightful simplicity. Two sheets are placed upon a cotton fabric treated with rubber paste, and put into a hydraulic press. Those who know the goodness of Italian tires will be slow to believe that. The parts of the book which deal with compound- ing ingredients, substitutes and the like, appear to be based largely upon Mr. Pearson's book, with curious errors in spelling and some other revelations, as when orris root is translated "!e radici di iris." In the paragraphs on oxide of gold, adamanta, and some others, the Italian translator quite missed the meaning. The book also has tables on the world's production and con- sumption of gutta-percha, and on the exports and imports of rubber and gutta and manufactures in the Italian trade, from 1890 to date. COMMEUCI.XL AND INDUSTRIAL GEOGRAPHY. A TEXT BOOK for schools, colleges, and private reference. By John J. Macfarlane, A. M., librarian of the Philadelphia Commercial Museum, and Edwin llebden. a. m., piincipal Group A, Baltimore public schools. Balti- more: Sadler-Rowe Co. [1907]. [Cloth. 8vo. Pp. xiii + 383 -f xxxvi -f charts. Price, $1.20.] Commercial geography treats of the world as one market, with the various nations or sections as producers and consumers. Trade was, is and ever shall be vexed by the selfish few ; but there is less of this every day, because the great majority gen- erally prefer to buy where they can buy cheapest and to sell where they can sell dearest. Commercial geography tries to show where to buy and sell. As might be expected, the book before us is at once too broad and too narrow. The authors need hardly have reminded us that earthly life is dependent upon solar heat and light, that the earth is nearly spherical in form, and that air is an actual substance. Since they attempt to cover all commodities, it is but natural that they cannot dwell long on any, and that the values given each should often be dis- proportionate. Still, the perspective is fairly well preserved, the e-xpression is short and clear, and the statistics well handled. About a third of the book is devoted to raw materials. Then follow a few pages on manufactures, and the rest of it is given up to a general description of the political divisions of the world. This part is weak in its concept, since commercal geography should disregard political forces and groupings, ex- cept as disturbing influences. When commercial geography takes account of governments, it becomes political economy. THE CONSULAR SERVICE OF THE UNITED STATES; ITS His- tory and Activities. By Chester Lloyd Jones. [No. 18 in the Po- litical Economy and Public Law Series. Publication of the University of Pennsylvania.] Philadelphia: The John C. Winston Co. igo6. [Cloth. 8vo. Pp. IX + 126. Price, $1.50.] The object of this work is to sketch the history of the con- sular service, and to point out especially the development, in recent times, of its relations to trade. It also aims to indicate the service actually rendered at the present time, the limits of the aid which consuls can lend to commerce, and the defects in the present consular organization of the United States. There is also a chapter on European consular systems. At this time, when serious efforts are being made along so many lines, for improving consular services, and with promising results, par- ticularly with regard to the promotion of trade, the appearance of this book is opportune; it is also informing, and its sugges- tions worth considering — not the least important ones dealing with what the consuls cannot do. EL PALO AMARILLO (■•EUPHORBIA ELASTICA") COMO PRODUC- tor de Caucho. Por el Dr. Fernando Altamirano. Primera Memoria. Mexico: Secretaria de Fomento. 1905. [Paper. 8vo. Pp. 26 -f- 6 plates.] A SCIENTIFIC summary of facts regarding the Mexican "yellow tree" considered as a rubber producer. The tree, by the way, has been renamed recently by the staff at Kew Euphorbia fulva. It was illustrated and described in The Indi.\ Rubber World February i, 1906 (page 148). HENDRICKS' COMMERCI.'\L REGISTER OF THE UNITED STATES, for Buyers and Sellers. New Y'ork: Samutl E. Hendricks Co., No. 74 Lafayette street. [1907.] [Cloth. Large 8vo. Pp. Lxxvi -|- 1224. Price, $10.] The regular appearance of this reference work for 16 con- secutive years, each edition being larger than its predecessor, is alone a guarantee of merit. The publishers state that the current volume contains upwards of 350,000 business names and ad- dresses, classified under 31,212 headings, and 76 closely printed pages are devoted to an index of these headings, by means of which the manufacturers of or dealers in almost any conceivable article may be referred to easily. On the whole, it appears to us to be a book of real value. It can hardly be expected to be a complete directory of any given line of business, but if it gives even a few good houses under every heading, it proves a serviceable work of reference. Our only criticism is that some obsolete names are included, and the proofreading might have been done better. IN CURRENT PERIODICALS. Le Caoutchouc eon Nouvellc Caledonie. By M. Etesse. chief of the agricultural .«:ervice. [The native and introduced species: history of ex- ploitation; illustrated.] L' Agriculture des Pays Chauds. Paris. VII-53 (.•\u.g. '07). Pp. 102-120. Perils of the Crude Rubber Tr.\de. — The Brazilian Review refers to the gathering of rubber in parts of Amazonas as a perilous occupation, and mentions the sending of a detachment of soldiers from Manaos into the interior to deal with Indians who have been killing rubber workers and rifling their houses. At the same time a newspaper from the East reports the capture of a tiger on a rubber plantation in Johore, after he had killed seventeen natives. The tiger measured 12 feet from tip to tip and will be preserved for show purposes. December i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 71 Tires at the Madison Square Garden Show. THE second New York automobile show this season was held at Madison Square Garden on November 2-9, under the direction of the Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers. In other words, so far as automobiles were concerned, the exhibitors were American makers licensed under the Selden patent. The exhibits of tires and motor accessories were, for the most part, the same as were displayed at the Grand Central Palace show in the preceding week, and embraced a full exhibit by The Motor and Accessories Manufacturers, Inc. There was a larger display than usual of motor cycles, and a good showing of commercial vehicles. The net result of the two automobile shows, in the generally expressed view, if that the past year has shown a further ad- vance in automobile construction in America, but space will not be taken here for an analysis of the improvement made. The accessories shown embraced many novelties for the increased comfort or safety of the motorist. But it is to the tire features that this report must be devoted mainly. The clincher type of pneumatic, of course, remains in the lead. As to the tire section and the means for retaining tires in place on the old type of clincher rim, such details have long ago — as the tire trade goes — been standardized. Last year all the leading firms exhibited clincher rims modified by rendering one of the flanges detachable for the more easy removal of a tire. This year the tendency is similarly general to supply rims which are removable entire, the tire coming off with them. The motorist who is equipped with a spare rim of the new type on which is mounted an inflated tire, in case of any tire trouble on the road, has only to remove the rim from the lame wheel and put on the spare one — a simpler matter than dealing with any sort of tire replacement before known. Pneumatic tires are stronger, perhaps, than before, and the evident tendency is to equip cars of a given weight with larger tires. The number of American makers of pneumatic tires has increased during the year, not counting the entrance into the field, as domestic manufacturers, of the Michclin and Continental companies. Some new foreign makes were shown. AMERICAN RUBBER TIRE MAKERS. Ajax-Grieb Rubber Co. (New York). — Wrapped tread pneu- matics, which differ from the company's previously made molded tires in having a cushion of Para rubber between the carcass and the tread, and a breaker strip between the cushion and the tread to prevent the separation of the tread from the carcass. In curing a tire the carcass is first vulcanized and the tread which varies in thickness accordmg to the size of the tire is put on raw and hand wrapped, after which the old tire is cured by the open steam process. Represe.vtatives. — Horace DeLisser, president. Branch managers; Leon B. Smith, New York; J. B. Burwell, Chicago; Charles Hatch, De- troit. R. S. Ireland and H. M. DeSilva, traveling salesmen. Consolidated Rubber Tire Co. (New York and Akron). — This company showed for the first time regular type automobile clincher pneumatic tires, which they describe as the "Kelly- Springfield,'' the designation by which the solid tires made by the same company have so long been known. Representatives. — Van H. Cartmell, president; F. A. Seaman, secretary; S. S. Miller, factory superintendent. Branch managers; F. A. Kissell, Philadelphia; Stanley F. Hall, Boston; F. E. Holcomb, Southern rep- resentative; E. J. Todd, Connecticut representative. Salesmen: F. A. Oatman and E. S. Roberts, New York. Continental Caoutchouc Co. (New York).— Pneumatics in three styles — Continental round or wrapped tread, flat or racing tread, and "rouge ferre" or anti skid, the latter being metal studded. The flat treads have corrugated surfaces, and all the styles are furnished in American and metric sizes. A new de- tachable or demountable rim was shown, held in place by bolts passing through the felloe and having washers which grip the rim. This system can be adapted to any type of tire. The idea is that the motorist may carry a spare rim, having on it an in- flated tire, and in case of puncture this can be substituted readily for the rim and tire on the wheel which is the seat of the trouble. The Continental company, whose tires hitherto have been made ill Germany, have arranged to supply their American trade here- after with tires made on this side of the Atlantic. Representatives. — J. M. Gilbert, general manager. J. H. Sheldon, sales manager. Branch managers: James L. Gibncy, Philadelphia; Stanley Brooks, Detroit; Mr. Hart, Buffalo; Mr. Thompson, Boston. B. J. Col- lins and E. E. McMaster. Western travelers. E. S. Brewer, New Jersey and New York state traveler. William A. Rutz, New England sales manager. S. S. Poor, New York salesman. The Diamond Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio). ^"Wrapped tread" pneumatics of several types: Regular clincher (one-piece rim), in American and French or millimeter sizes ; quick detachable clincher type, for the Marsh rim (also shown by the Diamond company) or other special rims; and tires of the "meclianical'' type, for the Dunlop and Fisk style of rims. All these were shown in the flat tread, regular, "Bailey Won't Slip," and Diamond non skid treads. The last mentioned is a new tread, in which specially hardened rivets are inserted through rubber and fabric under hydraulic pressure, and secured by washers. The Marsh rim, by the way, has been modified somewhat, so that it can now be manipulated without any other tool than a small wrench. A new feature is the "Diamond Electric," a clincher tire of special construction for light electric vehicles, referred to as usually resilient, enabling cars to go farther and faster than on the tires made for the heavier gasolene cars. Two types of solid tires were shown — the Diamond "wire mesh base" and the "side wire" — both made of a new rubber compound, al- most white, and claimed to be extremely tough and resilient. Representatives. — A. H. Marks, manufacturer; W. B. Miller, sales manager; O. J. Woodard, manager solid tire department. Branch man- agers: C. H. Smith, Chicago; H. C. Miller, St. Louis; E. H. Fitch, Philadelphia; G. J. Bradley, Cleveland; W. M. Perrett, Detroit; N. E. Oliver, Buffalo; J. W. Paul, Pittsburgh; W. P. Cronin, Boston; W. E. Roby, Minneapolis; W. D. Allbright, Pacific coast. James A. Braden, advertising manager. Salesmen: H. P. Howlett, Boston; E. P. Webber, Philadelphia; E. E. Tozier, Cleveland; E. B. Williams, H. C. Mills. B. \V. Snowman, J. F. Lanier, George Davidson, J. B. Cothran and E. W. Kidder, New York. Dow Tire Co. (New York). — The Dow non deflation tube, the air holding property of which is due to the mechanical action of a layer of flexible fabric about 3-32 inch thick, held in a chamber molded in the walls of the tube. The intended result is to render the tube self-sealing in the case of a puncture. Representatives. — Alexander Dow, president; Harry D. Gue, vice- president; J. Abrahams, superintendent; Mr. Dunham, New York, sales- man. Empire Automobile Tire Co. (Trenton, New Jersey). — Clincher pneumatics with round, raised oval, and Midgley treads, and inner tubes both red and gray. Also a line of tire accessories, including "the tire preserver," which is a pad of cotton fabric and rubber to fit over the inner tube with the purpose of strengthening an old case which may have begun to break in the fabric. Also the Empire secondary wire, rubber insulated, for automobiles. Representatives. — Charles H. Semple, president; A. Boyd Cornell, sec- retary; W. G. Whitlock, sales manager. Branch managers: E. B. McKay, Chicago; W. H. Chadwick, Boston; H. B. Smith, Buffalo. E:. B. Rich- ardson, general traveling salesman; J. C. West, Southern traveling sales- man. Empire State Tire Co. (Buffalo, New York).— Greenwald non- 72 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [December i, igo" skid tread, Greenwald extensible tread pneumatic, for which the company named control the trade in New York and some other states. They also market the sectional repair vulcanizer for tires. Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio).— The "side wire" solid tires for motors and other vehicles, and also pneu- matic clincher tires and inner tubes. Two new features were the dual non skid tread for pneumatics, consisting of two ridges of rubber extending around the tire. This tread is thicker than on the regular Firestone wrapped tread, and the surface of the two ridges is corrugated to afford further protection against skidding. Another novelty was the 1908 Firestone disniountable rim, which may be used in connection with any clincher tire ; its dismountable portion is held on the felloe by six bolts, the removal of the nuts allowing the tire and clincher rim to slide off in one motion. Representatives. — Branch managers: O. R. Cook, Cleveland; J. V. Mowe, Chicago; Frank L. Martin, Detroit; W. P. Berrian and Walter Wells, New York; R. J. Firestone, general sales manager; E. P. Cleve- land, Detroit; Thomas Glenn, Boston; W. R. Walton, Philadelphia; C. E. Jackson, Pittsburgh. Salesmen: E. M. Eldridge, New York; P. B. Talbot, Boston; J. V. Spencer, traveling salesman. J. S. Singleton, advertising manager, and F. Z. Binkard, specialties. The Fisk Rubber Co. (Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts).— Showed the well known "mechanically fastened" pneumatic and also tires to tit the regular clincher and quick detachable rim. The mechanically fastened as now shown is more readily detach- able than formerly. Fisk tires are made with regular and "Bailey Won't Slip" treads. Representatives.— H. T. Dunn, president; H. G. Fisk, secretary; E. H. Broadwell, sales manager. B. H. Pratt, special Chicago representative. Branch managers: William Lambe, New York; George Campbell, Boston; James Kavanaugh, Cleveland; C. H. Gage, Pittsburgh; Samuel Moses. Buffalo. Fred Ayres. New England salesman; B. F. Meixell, Indianapolis salesman. G & J Tire Co. (Indianapolis, Indiana).— Round wrapped tread clincher tires in addition to the company's former flat tread, and also the Midgley tread for antiskidding. The company's tires are made in G & J and Dunlop types, and the Bailey tread is supplied to customers desiring it. Solid rubber bumpers were shown. Representatives. — B. C. Dowse, president; G. H. Hamilton, sales man- ager. Branch manager: Mr. Philp, New York. Salesmen: Herbert Githens, Indianapolis; Charles Mcnson, Detroit; Frank Berrodin, Buffalo; Mr. Price, Boston; Mr. Cropley, Chicago. H. C. Prentice, traveling salesman. The B. F. Goodrich Co. (Akron, Ohio).— The regular Good- rich clincher pneumatic type, in smooth, Bailey, and flat treads. Also the Goodrich quick detachable rims. The company have been testing a new white rubber compound for treads but have not yet decided to adopt this as standard. Representatives.— Branch manager: F. Y. Stewart, New York. Harry Miller, special representative fiom Akron. Salesmen: W. A. White nack, E. J. Dockery, J. M. Fevriday, E. W. Bonham, K. Rhyne and W. H. Hart, New York; R. J. Murphy, Philadelphia; W. S. Talbot and W. W. Mackenzie, Boston The Goodye\r Tire and Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio).— The Goodyear universal rim, with detachable flanges, and detachable tires made up in various types were the center of interest in this exhibit. The universal rim was shown as adapted to the various leading types of tires. A new tire made of special fabric is called the "electric tire" on account of being made very light for use on small electric vehicles. Another novelty was the Goodyear heavy tourist non skid detachable tire, with flat or round treads. There were also shown tires for regular clincher rims and also motor truck and motorcycle tires and a 4 inch tire especially to fit rims foimerly carrying 3H inch tires. Representatives. — F. A. Seiberling, president; C. W. Seiberling, treas- urer; George M. Stadclman, secretary. Branch managers: Charles Measure, New York; W. T. Teaeer, Boston. Salesmen: James Coggc- shall and Irving Penniman. Boston; W. M. Doucettc, New York state and Connecticut; C. C. Hammerlee, New York city; II. C. Humber, Brooklyn and Long Island; N. A. Merritt. The Hartford Rubber Works Co. (Hartford, Connecticut). — The Hartford clincher and Dunlop pneumatic tires. The com- pany's new quick detachable tire has a none.xtensible wire edge similar to the Dunlop. with a head on the side which fits into the clinch of the rim. The new Midgley universal rim was shown here and the Midgley tread, which embraces a series of endless wire coils running around the tread of the tire and almost com- pletely embedded in the rubber, this feature being applicable to solid tires or pneumatics alike. Representatives. — J. D. Andersen, president: E. R. Benson, secretary; H. E. Field, sales manager. Branch managers: E. S. Roe, New York; William Bell, Chicago; P. Goodall, Cleveland; E. Breed, Boston. Sales- men: H. E. Snyder, W. R. Brown and E. Fahy, New York; W. E. Orr, Cleveland; Richard Clunan, Hartford; C. Langmaid, Boston. MiCHELiN Tire Co. (Milltown, New Jersey). — Showed for the first time in America a new compressed tread pneumatic. Its shape is such that when mounted on the rim and the inner tube inflated, the rubber on the tread is compressed instead of being distended, this compression adding to the durability of the tire. A cut in an ordinary round tread envelope tends to open and ad- mit water and sand to the detriment of the material, while with these tires the cuts close up and thus keep out foreign matter. A flat tread tire for heavy road work was shown, and anti skid tires. Also the Michelin demountable rim, which may be fitted to any of the well known detachable rims. Michelin tires are made in American and metric sizes. Representatives. — Traveling salesmen: R. B. Tracy, James Tansey, William Hobbs. C. H. Hendricks, Harry Snyder, Fred Suhr, Harry Ben- ner, T. A. Bruen, R. C. Smith and Mr. Fiske. Morgan & Wright (Detroit, Michigan). — Wrapped tread pneu- matics of standard clincher type and also with fiat Bailey Won't Slip and Midgley tread. Single tube tires and tire tubes were also shown, and rubber bumpers for the protection of motor car springs. Solid tires of the side wire type were shown. Represent.\tives. — Charles J. Butler, president; A. I. Philp, vice presi- dent; Joseph Weston, secretary. Branch managers: E. S. Hilton, New York; Mr. Alexander, Chicago; B. S. Walters, Philadelphia; A. O. Measure, Boston; George McClarcn, manager motor truck tire depart- ment. Salesmen: T. R. Burton, John B. Tower, M. M. Marple, A, Straus, G. W. Kayton, T. L. Hausman and G. C. Gaillard, all of New York. The Motz Ci-incher Tire and Rubber Co. (, Akron. Ohio). — The New Motz non skid cushion tire adapted to clincher rims. Demonstrations were given of the resiliency of this tire and the method of attaching it to different makes of rim. Representatives. — Charles A. Motz, president; Nicholas Seil, secretary and treasurer; Paul Bertsch, a director in the company. Pennsylvania Rubber Co. (Jeannette, Pennsylvania). — Clincher pneumatics in various types, including non skid tires equipped with rims of hardened steel rivets studded with strips of leather into the rubber of the tire. Egyptian cotton instead of Sea Island is now used in Pennsylvania tires and some of them are made with treads of white rubber compound designed par- ticularly to resist wear. Single tubes for tires were also shown. Representatives. — H. ^V^ Dupuy, treasurer; ^Ir. Alden, general man- ager; Wilmer Dunbar, superintendent; Frank Walters, manager bicycle tire department; R. B. McMullen, sales manager for motor tire depart- ment. Salesmen: George M. Port, general; A. M. Joralemon, and Percy Whitmore, New York; N. A. Tichenor, Pennsylvania. The Republic Rubber Co. (Youngstown, Ohio).— The Re- public clincher pneumatic, which is held on with the company's detachable flange and rim. The outer case forms a perfect cylindrical tube with a broad flat base, it being claimed for the tire that it fits the rim exactly and stays there. The company also show-ed the Republic tire for regular clincher rim. Representatives.— I.. J. Lomasney, vice president; Frank J. Hill, sales manager; Mr. Petersen, superintendent; Mr. McGuire, mechanical director. Homer G. Martin, representing Brooklyn, Long Island, and. New York state. John Kelly, Chicago sales manager. The Swinehart Clincher Tire and Rubber Co. (.-Xkron,' Ohio).— This display embraced the regular Swinehart type of DECEMfiER I, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 73 The Fisk RtzMovABLE Rim. A Motorcycle Tire. [Quick Detachable Nin Skid Tread Tire made by Ibe Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio.J The Parker Rim. [Invention of Orrel A. Parker, president of the Newmastic Tire Co.] Standaro Tire Protector. [Made by the Norris Auto Co., Saginaw, Michigan.] ^ Goodyear Universal Rim. [The same showing flanges adapted to any standard clincher tire.] Goodyear Universal Rim. Goodyear Tourist Tire. [Showing style flanges adapted to Goodyear detach- [Non Skid. Detachable, Flat able tires.] Tread.] Firestone Safety Universal Rim. [Adapted for any quick detachable tire.] Firestone Safety Universal Rim. [Adapted to any detachable clincher tire.] Firestone Dual Tread Solid Tire. [The illustration represents the largest tire on exhibi- tion at the recent automobile shows.] Shaler Electric Vulcaxizer. [Manufactured by the C. A. Shaler Co., Waupun, Wisconsin.] Al_ i<> Ei,ty K- i hiLK-VuLCANIZER. [Manufactured by J. L. Gibney & Brother, Philadelphia.] 74 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [December i, 1967. solid lire, some in very large sizes, single and "twin." A new device is a chani resting in a channel all around the tire tread, to prevent skidding and increase traction. A new Swinehart tir.; in square sections has the tread molded with holes of J4 inch diameter, designed to prevent skidding, besides which the resi- lience of the tire is increased. The new feature has been de- scribed as being the opposite of the Bailey idea, in which the tread is provided with numerous projecting points of rubber. At this stand was shown a new non skid tread brought out by The Rempes Tread Co. (Akron, Ohio). The tread is marked with deep set diamond shaped fret work. Represe.vtatives. — B. X. Swinehart, vice president and sales manager. Branch managers; E. O. Hoopengarner, New York; R. A. Brine, Boston. Salesmen: F, A. Brine, Boston; John Kelly, and A. L. Giegrist, New York. OTHER TIRES AND SOME ACCESSORIES. Ne\vm.\stic Tire Co. (New York). — Newmastic is an elastic, resilient material, for replacing air in pneumatic tires, for pro- tection against tire troubles. The company showed inner tubes filled with this material, complete tires fitted with such tubes. and the Parker quick detachable clincher rim, patented by Orrel A. Parker, president of the Newmastic Tire Co. Represent.^tives. — Orrel A. Parker, president and treasurer; Robert H. Hahn, secretary; Otto B. Schmidt, a director; Oliver Edick, demonstrator; William L. \'on. New York foreman; William L. Ulyat, New York man- ager; Charles Bromley, Brooklyn agent; Jefferson Everson, New Jersey agent. Herz & Co. (New York). — The tires marketed in America as the Herz tire and Herz's anti skidding tire, manufactured in Aus- tria, by the Wien-Traiskirchener Gummiwaren-Fabrik Josef Mis- kolczy & Co., of Vienna. The anti skidding tire is studded with metal rivets. Representatives. — Gustav Reno, secretary and treasurer; Emil Schoen- stein, engineer and foreman; Harry Weber, traveling salesman; Louis Kunstler, New York salesman. Pneu l'Electric Co. (New York). — The pneumatic tires made by the Societe Industrielle des Telephones of France, in American and metric sizes. Also, "Samson" non skid leather covers. Samples of the rubber insulated electric wires for automobile purposes, by the same French company, appeared at this stand. Representatives. — L. E. Siegel, store salesman. Henry Weiss and W. R. Coleman, New York salesmen. Leather Tire Goods Co. (Newton Upper Falls, Mass.). — The Woodworth studded leather tread tire cover, the "Kant- Skid" tire grips, and a leather tire tube. The 1908 leather tread differs from former models in that the strength of the wearing portion has been increased by the use of a two ply chrome leather lining. The new tube offered is made of rubber, covered with chrome leather tanned to give the strength and elasticity. Represe.ntatives. — C. B. Woodworth, president; A. P. Marshall, cor- respondent; Fred Blumenfield, New York manager; C. L. Rhodes, travel- ing salesman. He.'vly Leather Tire Co. (New York). — The standard leather automobile tire which this company has been marketing for more than a year past. Representatives. — Harry L. Graf, general sales manager; William G. Hurtjig, Morristown branch manager; Albert Olson, New York salesman; R. A. Williams, Brooklyn salesman. NoRRis AuTO Co. (Saginaw, Michigan). — The "standard" tire protector, invented by W. T. Dorgan, superintendent of the com- pany's factory. They purchase stock from a rubber manufacturer and make up the goods at Saginaw. The protector fits over the tread surface of the tire without any mechanical fastenings. The Automobile Utilities Co. (Boston). — The Shaw self sealing inner tube. The self sealing feature is a layer of com- pound composed of melted rubber and asbestos fiber, outside the air tube of the tire, the whole being wrapped with canvas. Representatives. — A. B. Shaw, the inventor; Mr. Hall, president; Na- thaniel B. Wales, treasurer. C. A. Fultz and Frank D. Brannan were in charge of the exhibit. Arthur H. Middleton (Philadelphia). — Showed the Hubbard patent tire, of solid rubber, in sections, for commercial vehicles. Accessories. — Traver Blowout Patch Co. (New York), pat- ented blowout patches for tires; Auto Improvement Co. (New York), "Ever Ready" tire tool; Weed Chain Tire Grip Co. (New York), chain tire grips; Hopewell Brothers (Cambridge, Mass.), waterproof tire case; The L J. Mutty Co. (Boston), waterproof fabrics for automobile tops; Ed. Dubied & Co. (Couvet, Switzer- land — represented by Ch. H. Dien, New York), rivets for anti skid tires; The Gilbert Manufacturing Co. (New Haven, Conn.), automobile fabric supplies; C. A. Shaler Co. (Waupun. Wis- consin), electric vulcanizers for tire repairs. CHICAGO automobile SHOW. The seventh annual automobile show at Chicago is in progress, having opened on the evening of Noveinber 30, to continue until December 7. It is housed, as last year, in the Coliseum building and in the armory of the First Regiment. It is participated in by the National Association of AutomoWre Manufacturers, Inc., the Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers, the American Motor Car Manufacturers' Asso- ciation, and the Motor and Accessories Manufacturers' Asso- ciation, Inc., making it representative of the whole American automobile industry. During the same dates the first annual exhibition of commercial cars will be open in the Seventh Regi- ment armory. The various tire manufacturers who exhibited at New York have displays at Chicago. EUROPEAN AUTOMOBILE SHOWS. The sixth International Motor Exhibition of The Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders, Limited, of Great Britain, was held at Olympia. London, on November 11-23. This show is officially recognized by the Royal Automobile Club and is under the patronage of the King. There were about 140 makes of automobiles on display, and the tire trade was very fullj represented. The thirty-first annual Stanley Show, at Royal Agricultural Hall, London, which has become more important as an ex- hibition of motor cars than of bicycles, was held November 22-30. The tenth Exposition Internationale de I'Autoniobile, du Cycle, et des Sports, at the Grand Palais, Paris, was held on No- vember I2-December i. The French tire trade, as usual, was strongly represented. In Germany, the Internationalen Automobile-Austellung will be held in Berlin, on December 5-22. The Brussels exhibition is scheduled for December 21-January I, and the Italian exhibition, at Turin, to begin on January 18. INDIA-RUBBER GOODS IN COMMERCE. EXPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES. /^ FFICIAL statement of values of exports of manufactures ^-^ of india-rubber and gutta-percha from the United States for the month of September, 1907, and for the first nine months of five calendar years : Belting Boots All Months. Packing and Other Tot.\l. and Hose. Shoes. Rubber. September, 1907 $131,188 $305,552 $295,038 $731-778 January to August... 920,715 908,440 2,702,777 4,531,932 Total $1,051,903 $1,213,992 $2,997,815 $5,263,710 Total, 1906 895,296 936.350 2,361,917 4,193.563 Total, 1905 856,493 941,858 2,129,936 3,928.287 Total, 1904 647,245 844,802 x.779,256 3.271.303 Total, 1903 633,744 628,592 1,855,756 3,1 18,092 The discovery of asbestos is reported in several places near Dawson (Alaska), and elsewhere in the Klondike region. Rich asbestos deposits have also been reported lately in the moun- tains of northern Luzon, in the Philippines. December i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD. 75 The India-Rubber Trade in Great Britain. By Our Regular Correspondent. ADMIRALTY CONTRACTS. BORNEO RUBBER. HESE important contracts are now let at a somewhat dif- Tferent date than was custoinary in former years. The specifications go out about the end of October, to be re- turned by the end of November. So far as I know there is no alteration this year in the tests decided on three years ago, the alcoholic potash extraction being prin- ipally relied upon as indicating whether the best rubber has or has not been used by the contractor. By the way, if rumor is correct, there has been more than one rejection of goods during the past year for not standing the test, but this is a matter which in its details is as well hid beneath the kindly veil of silence. It may not be without interest to mention that a certain amount of repairing work is given out by the admiralty authorities to private dock- yards on the Tyne and at Barrow. These sub-dockyards, as they may be called, are obliged to obtain their rubber supplies, valves, packing, etc., from the admiralty dockyards, or they may get them direct from the admiralty contractors. In cither case the testing for quality is carried out by the admiralty chemist. A FRIEND of mine who has recently returned to England after a good many years trading in Borneo had some interesting facts to relate concerning the rubber industry. Borneo rubber, in the white, rectangular, wet slabs in which it used to be known in England, is now rarely to be met with, the United States having been the principal market in late years. It has always been persistently adulterated by the Chinese collectors, mainly with pontianak. The degree of wetness is atttributable to the fact that the natives put it under the water tap, as water, they say, prevents oxidation during transit. My friend, having passed through several years' chemical training, was accustomed to test the raw product, before buying it, in the following way : The slabs were carefully sampled down to a small bulk which was dis- solved in chloroform. After standing to allow impurities to settle out the solution was poured into a flat disk and allowed to evap- orate. Strips were then cut from the dried rubber and roughly tested for tensile strength with the hand. This mode of testing, although it might be improved upon, is certainly more advanced than appertains in the great bulk of rubber sales. I vv.\s sorry to hear of the decease of this company, the only concern in Great Britain devoted entirely to the vulcanite manu- facture. I cannot pledge myself to the exact date of its inception, but I know it is somewhere about fifty years ago that it was founded under American auspices. The com- plaint from which it has died has been variously diag- nosed, the company itself being emphatic that it was the "dumping" of German vulcanite in England under cost price, and something to this effect has occurred in the Scotch newspapers. A rejoinder to this comes from Mr. Winter, the well known London representative of Heinrich Traun ■& Sons, of Hamburg, it being averred that the cause alleged had nothing to do with it. Mr. Winter does not say what the real cause is, but his tone rather leads one to suppose that he attributes the loss of trade in some way to the management. Without wishing to join in the fray myself, I will merely say that the statement that the price of certain German made goods having been raised since the Scottish company closed its doors seems to deserve notice at the hands of the disputants. The closure of the works is of course a hardship to the hands and staff, some of the latter having been with the company over 40 years. The works are situated in close contiguity to those of the North British Rubber SCOTTISH VTTLCANITE CO., LIMITED. Co., Limited, at Edinburgh, and it has been suggested that the latter company will probably take them over as additional premises. [The Scottish Vulcanite Co., Limited, was founded about 1861 under these circumstances : There had been formed in America the New York Gutta Percha Comb Co., which, though using gutta-percha for its products, was proceeded against by the owners of the Goodyear hard rubber patents and also the newer patents granted to L. Otto P. Meyer. A verdict unfavorable to the company was granted in the United States circuit court at New York May 19, 1859, after which there was a sale of the stock and machinery. The price realized is reported to have been $25,000, and the purchaser was William Judson, the owner of the Ejighsh patents to Goodyear for both soft rubber and hard rubber. Judson was one of the directors — then called "founders" — of the North British Rubber Co., then still owned wholly by American interests. The machinery referred to was shipped to Edinburgh and was the first used by the Scottish Vulcanite Co., formed through Judson's agency. It was installed by John Murphy, who had been manager of the New York Gutta Percha Comb Co. Mr. Murphy later returned to the States and for many years was active in the rubber industry, being at different times connected with some very important companies. He is now living retired, in his eighty-fourth year. At one time an interest in the Scottish Vulcanite Co. was owned by Conrad Poppen- husen, the principal licensee in America under the Goodyear and Meyer hard rubber patents, and the founder of the India Rubber Comb Co., at College Point, New York. While the Scottish Vulcanite Co. always maintained a separate corporate existence from the North British Rubber Co., a close business relation at one time existed between them, and their factories were near together, being separated only by Viewforth road, in Edinburgh. The shareholders of the Scottish Vulcanite Co. at a meeting on September 12 last confirmed a resolution "That the company be wound up voluntarily." Regarding the suits against the New York Gutta Percha Co., above referred to, the charge was made freely at the time that the result was a collusive verdict; that is, that the defendant company consented to Poppenhusen's taking a judgment, in con- sideration of a certain price being paid for their factory. Poppen- husen fearing that, if the case were defended strongly, his patents might not be sustained. (See The Indi.\ Rubber World, April i, 1898 — page 184.) This charge, however, was strongly resented during the trial of a subsequent suit for infringement of the same patents, brought by Poppenhusen against another New York company and won by him. — The Editor.] The somewhat overdue annual meeting of this concern was held in the middle of October, when Sir Harry Johnston made LIBERIAN ^ ^"" statement as to the position of RtTBBER affairs. From this it would appear that CORPORATION. the trouble which has been experienced was largely of a legal nature, relating to the concessions, and that this has now been satisfactorily settled. Still the prospects of rubber production, judging by the progress already made, are by no means so rosy as predicted in the prospectus, and it is not surprising that some discordant notes were struck at the meeting. Some vengeful Nemesis seems to take an interest in Liberian rubber companies which, from that started by Mr. Meiter more than 20 years ago, have been more closely associated with disaster than with success. The contract entered into with the Dunlop company for the purchase of the output of rubber for a term of years has been modified in the interests of the cor- 76 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [December i, 1907. RECLAIMED BUBBER. poration. the chairman said, though it is conceivable that the other side do not consider themselves the losers. Some comment was made on the fact that Sir Gilbert Parker, m. p., had re- signed his seat on the board. This was due, it was explained, to pressure of parliamentary duties; however, as he has just had a new novel published, these duties evidently leave him a certain amount of leisure. I UNDERSTAND that the Penther machine, the patent rights of which for the world have been acquired, as already reported in these notes, by Mr. James E. Baxter, will shortly be in full work at the new Leyland factory. The delay has been due to the installation of high pressure boilers and high speed engines in order to minimize the cost of the power required to run the machine. In this respect there can be no doubt that the new machinery will prove much more efficient than was that originally used in Germany. Another obituary notice calls for insertion this month. This has reference to Dansk Afvulkaniserings Aktieselskabet, the management of which Copenhagen reclaiming works, Mr. Albert Theilgaard seems to have found too much even for a man of his superabundant energ>-. The concern had only been in exist- ence two or three years, and worked processes the details of which were not apparent from the patents which formed their basis. I understand that Mr. Theilgaard is now working on the Continent in the interests of a former competitor, the North Western Rubber Co., of Liverpool. Spain, more particularly Barcelona, is reported as buying in- creasing quantities of reclaimed rubber, and it has been argued from this that the rubber manufacture in the Iberian peninsula is proceeding apace. North Wales now has its rubber factory, or at least it is com- monly reported to have. Inquiry, however, reveals the fact that the concern in question is by no means on an extensive scale, and that the business at the Holywell factory is limited to deal- ing in a certain way with waste rubber. A RUBBER manufacturer of considerable position in the trade, who has paid close attention to Ceylon rubber, in the course of some remarks on the subject to me ex- PLANTATION pressed his disappointment at the present state of affairs. He had been in hopes, he said, that careful cultivation and preparation would have yielded a high class rubber, but it was clear that anxiety to realize had induced planters to rush the preparation and so to reduce quality. Quantities of not first rate quality were now coming into the market, and this, despite its dryness, was being sold at or below the price of fine Para. There is a ready market for all this rubber, as it is being used instead of African quali- ties. The above remarks, coming from an authoritative source, are important when compared with statements which have re- cently emanated from scientific laboratories in London where the subject of rubber has just commenced to receive attention. The death of Mr. George Banham removes from our midst a typical Lancashire man, and one who during the protracted lawsuit of Reddaway v. Banham, now a OBITUARY. matter of ancient history, was a familiar figure in the precincts of the London Law Courts. Of somewhat rugged exterior, Mr. Banham was of a thoughtful and kindly disposition, which showed itself in many ways in his business dealings. The success attained by the belting works which he established in Pendleton, Manchester, are a tribute to his indomitable energj- in business matters. The melancholy reports issued by the London companies have given a setback to ideas of fresh enterprises. Of course a good many factors have combined to prevent CONCERNING HOTOE , •' • • j -,-, u j the success anticipated. The bad weather during the spring and summer and the over provision of carrying facilities in London have to be VACUUM DRYING. considered in addition to the expense for repairs, etc., directly connected with the omnibuses. The Manchester and District com- pany came to an early end mainly because of the opposition of inhabitants on the lines of route. At present the future of the commercial motor wagon seems much more promising. A type that is attracting some attention is the Berna commercial motor lorry of 4 to 6 cylinder and carrying one to five tons. These are made in Switzerland and have for some time been used as mail carts in that country. I understand that manufacturing firms who have goods to deliver a few miles off are not showing keen- ness to purchase motors for themselves, but are more disposed to pay a motor transport company to do the carrying ; this is more especially the case with engineering firms who have no daily use for carts or motors. These commercial motors are fitted mainly with "twin" solid tires, such as are supplied by the Dunlop, Shrewsbury and Challiner and other companies. Refer- ence to solid tires reminds me of the recent dictum of the London commissioner of police objecting to the use of sectional block tires on omnibuses ; more will probably be heard of this, as it applies not only to omnibuses but to the freight motors which travel at about the same pace. From an engineering firm largely concerned with the manu- facture of plant for rubber plantations in the Malay States, I have it that there is an increasing demand for vacuum drying plant. With plantation rubber in hot climates steam raising is troublesome as well as apt to be expensive, and besides there is necessity for absolute dryness being obtained. The main facts which appear to have militated against the wider use of vacuum plant in European rubber factories are the initial cost and the ainount of labor involved in charging and discharging compared with what obtains in the the case of steam heated rooms. In connection with pumping operations in mines where the water frequently contains sulphuric acid derived from the oxida- tion of pyrites, a good deal of trouble has '^^v^vis''^^ been caused by the wearing of the valves, whether made of phosphor bronze or other special alloys. In several cases such valves have been replaced by gutta-percha valves with very satisfactory results. Probably other bodies, such as rubber or Dermatine, would answer the purpose equally well. The action is not merely that the acid water dissolves the metal, but that electrolysis is set up between the dissimilar metals, i. c, the iron piping and the valve alloy, the metals being rapidly eaten away. With the use of gutta- percha the iron piping is not appreciably attacked. Although, as has always been the case, engineers still find it a cause for complaint that rubber body blocks are not everlast- ing, their use shows no great diminution. To some extent they are being replaced by felt or cork, as possessing greater longevity, but in Eng- land at any rate vulcanized rubber is still the principal material in use by the railway rolling stock manufacturers. Perhaps it may not be superfluous to state that the bod}' block, the object of which is of course to lessen vibration, is placed between the sole bar of the iron frame and the bottom rail of the body of the coach. The ordinary size is 5x3x1 inch, and numbers of them are used, as many as 60 being utilized in one coach of the large bogey type. Messrs. Spencer. Moulton & Co., so well known in connection with railway rubber fittings, had a patent which I believe has now expired for body blocks, but although this is one of the goods they still specialize in, it is evident that in the case of such a simple article a good deal of competition exists. The patent for Spencer's railway buffer having expired, buffers of similar make are now being made by one or two other firms. While on the subject of the Bradford-on-Avon firm, it may be mentioned that the title is now abbreviated to Messrs. George Spencer & Co., the place of Mr. Johnson, the late manager, being now filled by Mr. Sidney Spencer. BODY BLOCXS. December i, 1907.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 77 Rubber Selling Conditions in England. UNTIL recently the India Rubber Manufacturers' Association of Great Britain has not taken cognizance of questions aris- ing from sales of crude rubber by importers and brokers to manufacturers. But the matter of discrepancies in delivery weights has now been brought before the association, and it is understood that the members are making inquiries with the ob- ject of eventually arriving at a situation more satisfactory to buyers of rubber. There is no other association in England whose object specifically is to govern the rules of sale between rubber importers and manufacturers. Should any dispute arise, it is a matter of direct negotiation between the seller and the buyer. There are, however, certain points upon which there is uni- formity of practice in the trade, based upon the "Conditions of Sale" adopted by the Liverpool General Brokers' Association, Limited, in addition to which the London and Liverpool rubber merchants and brokers have, at various times, signed agree- ments regarding terms of sale supplemental to the rules of the Liverpool association. One such agreement, operative since May I, 1901, relates to transactions in Para, Peruvian, and Ba- tavian rubbers. Another, in force from July I, 1906, establishes the allowance for draft, to compensate the manufacturer for any loss in weight between the time of delivery of rubber from store and its arrival at the factory. The situation in general is summed up thus, in a statement made to The India Rubber World by a leading firm of Liver- pool brokers : "The allowance of ^ per cent, for draft is made to compen- sate the manufacturer for any loss in weight between time of delivery from store to the time at which the manufacturer re- ceives it at his works. Generally speaking, importers guarantee weights as delivered at manufacturers' works, hut the Yi per cent, draft allowance above mentioned is taken into account before any claim is made. "As regards the question of quality, importers — in the case of medium grades — sell on the basis of a sample, and guarantee quality delivered to be fairly represented by sample forwarded ; and, in our experience, manufacturers treat this question in a very fair manner. "As regards the date of delivery, a parcel of rubber is sold for a specified date, and the seller fails to deliver within the time specified ; in the first instance it is a matter of arrangement be- tween the respective parties, but failing an agreement (if sold under Rubber Contract rules and the General Brokers' Associa- tion rules) the manufacturer has recourse to the rules of this association, in which case the method of procedure is for each party to name an arbitrator, and the said arbitrators have power — in case they do not agree — to appoint an umpire, the decision of the majority of the arbitrators being binding on the respective parties." The Liverpool form of contract follows : Liverpool 190. . M We have this day you the following Goods on the terras of the Liverpool General Brokers' Association, Ltd., conditions of sale: Payment Cash in 14 days Uss aJ^C^ (or before delivery if required). Customary allowances. Yours respectfully. Brokerage per cent. On the back the Liverpool conditions of sale are printed in full. It is specified that all goods sold at public auction — as is true of much of the rubber and many other commodities imported into England — shall be considered as sold subject to these conditions. Brokers buying or selling shall be responsible as principals unless they name their principals before concluding the contract. Unless otherwise stated, the buyer shall have the option of taking goods bought at landing weight or reweight. When taken at landing weight draft is allowed; otherwise, it is not. When used in reference to quality, the term "about" shall mean within 5 per cent, over or under the quality specified. When a cargo or parcel or a remnant is sold as "more or less" in quan- tity, the buyer shall accept the whole of such parcel or remainder. There are rules relating to responsibility of buyer and seller, respectively, in case of accident, damage to goods, death of one of the parties, failure to fill contracts, and so on. "Whenever it is admitted by the seller, or decided by arbitra- tion, that the seller has failed to declare or tender goods to fulfil any contract, the buyer may close the contract, and at his option invoice back the goods to the seller at once at a price and weight to be fixed by arbitration (which price shall not be less than Yi per cent, nor more than 10 per cent, over the estimated market value of the shipment or delivery contracted for on the day upon which the default occurs), the difference to be due to the buyer in cash in 14 days from such default." In case of any dispute arising, the matter shall be referred to the arbitration of two members of the General Brokers' Associa- tion, one to be chosen by each party in difference, such arbitrators having power to call in another if they desire. In case these arbitrators fail to make an award, the question shall be referred to arbitrators, members of the association or not, to be ap- pointed by the president of the association. For the purpose of enforcing any award, under such arbitration, there are rules for the reference of the matter to the courts of justice. In case either party shall be dissatisfied with an award of arbitrators, a right of appeal shall lie to the appeal committee of the association, whose award shall be final and binding upon both parties. Rubber Contracts. Under the agreement of May, 1901, when a parcel of rubber is sold for a specified shipment, with a guarantee of quality — other than fine or entrefine Para — and found inferior, buyers must accept the same with an allowance, provided such allowance in the opinion of the arbitrators be not more than 3 per cent, of the contract price; but should the parcel be rejected, the seller to have the option of substituting guaranteed quality on the spot to fulfil his contract within three days. "On contracts of 5 tons and upwards, buyers have the option of refusing tenders of less than one ton, except in completion of contract." "In the event of a tender of fine rubber being found on in- spection to contain an admixture of entrefine, the sellers shall not be required to retender same after selection, unless such admix- ture be s per cent, or over." "Sellers and buyers may select any member or representative of any recognized firm in the Para trade, in London or Liverpool, to act in the capacity of arbitrator." Dr.mt on Rubber. The agreement below was signed by 65 London houses and 28 in Liverpool, including rubber importers, merchants, and brokers, and representatives of rubber plantation companies : "We, the undersigned, hereby agree that in all contracts made by us or on our behalf, on or after July i, 1906, the draft upon all classes of rubber (excluding balata and allied gums) shall be V2 per cent, taken upon the total gross sterling amount, the lYz per cent, discount to be allowed on the sterling amount left after deduction of such draft. For instance: 78 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [December r, 1907. Total gross 5,440 'bs. " tare 969 " " nett 4.471 "