mmmmlm ■* ~6-3^rS^ ^ '303^ >0- II THE INDIA RUBBER 'WORLD ♦♦♦♦♦ ♦ ♦ ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦ ♦ « ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ : ♦ ♦ [April i, 1901. ♦ ♦ ♦ I. MACHllTE Ko. S-3 - - - OPERATED BY MECHANICAL POWER. HEvSE powerful and efficient machines are especially designed for the strong stitching, in long lengths, of several plies of rubber, canvas or leather, and are extensivelj' employed for the manufacture of Belting used for power transmission ; they can be used for sewing any kind of fabric, capable of 1 needle-puncture, up to three-quarters of an inch in thickness; Several varieties are made, but all are provided with Adjustable Driven Feed-rolls which draw the material through Adjustable Guides and under a flat or a roller-presser as may be desired. The Feed-rolls may be driven by either a clutch or a ratchet, the latter method being employed in the machine illustrated. The extreme lengtli of bed is thirty-two inches, the clear space on the bed from needle to base of arm is nineteen inches. The machines will stitch to the centre of a belt 38 inches in -width. Two forms of guide are made and the machines may be fitted with either as desired ; one form is arranged to slide on a round rod, the other is operated by means of a screw, as illustrated above. The Shuttle is of the oscillating-cylinder type provided with very large bobbin, having great capacity for coarse thread. Four varieties are made for making two parallel rows of stitching at once ; each carries two needles in one needle bar and is provided with two shuttles. These machines are shown in practical operation at 561-562 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 1210 CHESTNUT ST., PHILADELPHIA. 192-194 VAN BUREN ST., CHICAGO, 128-132 ESSEX ST., BOSTON. ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ THE SINGER MANUFACTURING CO. : ♦♦♦♦«♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ Cable Rubber Company, Rubber Carriage Cloths Rubber Surface Clothing Horse Clothing Wagon Aprons Our specialties are : CABLE'S Car Drivers' Coats, Police and Motormen's Coats, ALL MADE OF RUBBER. Our goods are honestly made, that is why the name "Cable' ' on any rubber surface goods is acknowledged a guarantee of excellence. SALESROOMS, FACTORIES, 70 and 72 Essex St., BOSTON, MASS. JAMAICA PLAIN, MASS. Mention The India Rubber World ivhen you write. Reclaimed Rubber Office, 239-241 A St., Boston, Mass. Mills, DANVERSPORT, Mass. Mechanical and Chemical. !l u W.J. CORBETT, Pres't. and Treas. J. C. WA.LTON, Secretary. Address all communications to Boston office. Mention The India Rubber Worhl when you write, A [ELLI & CO., Milan, Italy, NERAL INDIARUBBER, GUTTAPERCHA AND ASBESTOS INDUSTRY. «TED WIRES AND CABLES IN EVERY SYSTEM. 'ork( at Spezit for the Snhmarlne Cablea. GREAT EXPORT. LID-PKIX at the Paris Exposition, 1900. The BEST BUCKLES for ARCTICS ARE HADE BY THE WELD MFQ. CO., 41 Lincoln Street, - - Boston. /--r RAIN COATS Circular .tamped in PROOrEO — BV— Cravenette <^r, "^ CAV(3 IGuha-PercH" Edited by HENRT C. PEARSON— Offices, No. 150 Nassau Street, NEW YORK. Tol. XXIT. No. 1. APEIL 1, 1901. 35 Cents a Copy, $3.00 Per Tear. 5°r 1 THE ALDEN RUBBER CO., HANUFACTURERS OF } O (0 0l z, <, I- z o o a BICYCLE AND VEHICLE TIRES, HOSE. PACKING. VALVES. MOLDED GOODS, FRUIT JAR RINGS. WHITE TUBING A SPECIALTY. ^ THIS TRADE MARK GUARANTEES FULL VALUE. S AKRON, OHIO and BARBERTON, OHIO, U.S.A. QENERAL SALES AGENTS: d 165 Lake Street, Chicago, III. JOHN H. GRAHAM & CO., 113 Chambers and 95 Reade Sts., New York. S Akron Office, Arcade Block— Main Office and Works at Barberton. p. O. Box 1042. Cable Address, "QRAHAINES." J LONG DISTANCE TEL., AKRON EXCHANGE NO. 999. CABLE ADDRESS-"ARCO AKRON." Cable Codes-Ueber's. A. B. C. 4th Edition, Western Union. 4/%,%/%'^%/%'%^%/%/%^^%/^^'%'^%^/%^ , Mention 'ITic India Jiiibber World when you v-rite. LAMPBLACKS especially for RUBBER MANUFACTURE. SAMUEL CABOT, BOSTON, MASS. Aprtl I, 1901 ] THE INDIA RUBBER \VORLD III ESTABLISHED 1828. S^ MECHANICAL RUBBER GOODS OF THE HIGHEST GRADE Rubber Belting Our Imperial is a TRADE MAHK first class stitched belt that is especially well adapted for use in connection with small and medium siz- pulleys. Hose for Water, Steam, Gas, Air, Suction Purposes, Fire Protection. ThU trade tnark inspires conjidence in the quality. Valves that are satisfactory for hot, cold or salt water, air, acids and all conditions of service. TUBING, SPRINGS, MATS, HATTINGS, TREADS. MANUFACTURED BY SHEET PACKINGS, PISTON and VALVE ROD PACKINGS, in great variety. RUBBER COVERED ROLLERS. BOSTON BELTING CO. JAMES BENNETT FORSYTK, Mfg. Agt. and Gen. Mgr. GEORGE H. FORSYTH, Asst. Manager, Bo.sTON, bJEW York, Buffalo, Chicago, San Francisco, 256 Devonshire St. loo P^eade St. 90 Pearl St. 109 Madison St. 21 First St. «::W af en«on Oit InSia Ruhber World tohou you wrU/t. IV THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [April i, 1901. EUREKA FIRE HOSE CO., 13 BARCLAY ST., NEW YORK. MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED BRANDS "RED CROSS" (X) "PARAGON" (^7;) "EUREKA" (^^,7) " U. S." Brand Rubber Lined Cotton Fire Hose Adopted as the Standard Factory Fire Hose by the Associated Factory Mutual Fire Insurance Com- panies, for Factory and Mill Fire Protection. COTTON and LINEN HOSE of all grades, both plain and rubber-lined. All Sizes. EUREKA BELTINQ. Cheaper and better than Leather. Unlike all other Fabric Belts this will not stretch or separate at the plies. These Goods are especially adapted for use in Woolen, Cotton, Silk, Print, Knit Goods and Carpet Mills, Dyeing and Bleaching establishments. Pulp and Paper Mills, Breweries and Distilleries, Sugar Refineries, Ice and Refrigerating Machinery, Chemical Works, Tanneries, etc. Satnples and full information given on application. A'ention The India Rubber World when you wi-ile I COTTON HOSE, | ^ We Spin, Weave, and Line Our Own Goods. 3 I GARDEN HOSE, | ^ New Lines — New Methods. ^ i BELTINQ and PACKING. I § Empire Rubber Mfg. Co., ^ fc NEW YORK. CHICAGO. BOSTON. ST. LOUIS, HO. 3 ^ Factories : TRENTON, N. J. 3 MentiMt the India liuhhtr Woria when yuu vmrilt UNITED & GLOBE RUBBER MFG. COMPANIES - - OF - - Trenton, IN. J., U. S. A. High Grades Mechanical Rubber Goods -^^-.FOR RAILWAY USE._^^- Capacity : 5000 pieces Air Brake Hose per Day. Mention The India Btibbe; World when you wrUe, April i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD The Bull D^g Has the Grip on the trade. Speaking of "Grip "makes one think of friction. Speaking of " Friction " makes one think of Garden Hose. Speaking of " Garden Hose " makes one think of the Bull Dog brand. Speaking of " Bull Dog Brand " makes one think of the Boston Woven Hose & Rubber Co. Factory and Executive Offices: CAMBRIDQEPORT, MASS. Stores: NEW YORK. CLEVELAND, CHICAGO, SAN FRANCI5C0. MpYitinn Tfip TnrUn Rxtbber World vihen you ivrite. VI THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [April i, 1901. 5^ ^ Hodgman ^ Rubber Company, m ij 593 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, ^ Manufacturers of 5^ 5H?3 g2 Hodgman flackintoshes, Rubber Surface Clothing, j^ Blankets, Horse Clothing, Druggists' Sundries, Hospital Sheeting, Bands, Foot Balls, Etc. gg I i ^ ( TUCKAHOE, N. Y. ''*'^*°'''** • ] MOUNT VERNON, N, Y Correspondence solicited. 5^ .:^;^i i-&!^:^;^;^:^:^:^:^:^:^i^i TM Manhattan Rubber Mt q Co., CABLE address: M I ALOGIA. 18 VESEY ST., NEW YORK. High Grade Mechanical Rubber Goods. TELEPHONES 625T CORTLANDT. 5256 CORTLANDT. AGENCIES. THC HABiHiTTAN BUBBEB HFO. CO. 105 Lake Street, Chicago, III. THE JIANHATTAN BUBBGR DIFU. CO., (110 Weatlnghouse Building, I'lttiibure, I'a. PUGET ROLND MACH'Y DEPOT, Seattle, Washington. THE KANHATTAN RIIBBGB HFO. CO., 214 North Second St., St. Lonis, Mo. LEE BBOTHEBS, 294 Front St., Ilemphls, Tenn. DU.NCAS BO.VD, C2'2 Mining Exchange Building, Denrer, Colo. ASMSTON SUPPLY CO., AnnUton, Ala. W. S. KKOWLES, 72 Pearl St., Boston, Jlass. Mention Tlie Indi/j. Uubber ll'orW when i/uu write. AGENCIES. MANHATTAN BDBBGR MFO. CO., 23 South Charles St., Baltimore, Md. LATTA A MCLCONROT, 1217 Market St., Philadelphia, Pa. FRASER .t CHALMERS, 4li Threadneedle St., London, England. THE MA.NHAITAX Kl'BBEIi MFG. CO., 212 Champlain St., CleTeland. O. THE MANHATTAN Rl'BBER MFO. CO., 711 Neave Bid;;., Cincinnati, Ohio. THE MANHATTAN RCBBEK MFG. CO., 1110 Douglas St., Omaha, Neb. if^:,^;.^;- April i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD VW The H. F. Taintor Mfg. Co. are the largest manufacturers of Whiting and English Cliffstone Paris White in this country. All grades of Whiting prepared especially for use of Rubber Manufacturers, finely ground and bolted and very dry. The "Westminster" brand of English Cliffstone Paris White is the finest made in the world, and is particularly suited to manufacturers of fine Rubber goods and specialties. Samples can be had by mail. Address No, 101 Beekman St, New York City, Mention The India Rubber World when you write. vm THE INDIA RUBBER "WORLD [April i, 1901. FACTORIES AT MATTEAWAN, DUTCHESS CO., N. Y. NEW YORK RUBBER COMPANY. CO u INCORPORATED 1851. Iffanufactiirers of BELTING, >= X ojH HOSE, cgss 0J5 PACKING, ^„o glS ETC. >|5 Z *"*! OF SUPERIOR QUALITIES. ^S" Warehouse and office: _< H 84 AND 86 READE,chur'^c''h%t%W NEW YORK. Address P. O. Box llOO. Mention Tlie India liubbrr U urM u'hen you rrrile. m CO « CRESCENT BELTING AND PACKING CO., TRENTON, N. J. A complete line of -*^GARDEN H05E^— .... for season of 1900. Prompt shipment Guaranteed, Write for prices before placing order. New York, Boston, Chicago, 53 Murray St. 7 Arch St. 1 1 S. Canal St. Mpniion 'Jlir Irjdia fOibber World wheti yon write. April i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER ^VORI-D IX garden"hose BELTING Packing, Tubing, Valves special Moulded Goods Catalogues, samples and prices furnished on application. TRENTON RUBBER MFG. CO. TRENTON, N. J. NEW YORK, 149 Church Street. PITTSBURGH, 326 Fourth Avenue. EDWARD H. OARCIN, General Manager. SAN FRANCISCO, 31 Hain Street. Mention The India Jtuhber Wartd when you write. THE INDIA RUBBER V/ORLD [April i, 190X. New Jersey Car Spring & Rubber Co., Main Office, JERSEY CITY, N. J. New York, 10 Barclay St. Chicago, 175-177 Lake St. Cleveland, 70 Frankfort Street. IvlANUFACTURERS OK High Grade Rubber Goods "Our Name and Brand A Guarantee of Quality." GARDEN HOSE FOR 1901. A few of our well-known brands are : RUBBER RUBBER Extra Para " " Emerald" " Red Jacket" "Pearl" "New Method" J. J. Fields, Pres't. J. J. Fields, Jr., Vice-Pres't. Geo. B. Dickerson, Sec'y. Chas. p. Cocks, Treas. Reliable" " Hudson" "staple" "Trade' Hartford " I Made in various "Continental " J P''es on Fine Duck. Mtntton Vie I-ndia Rubber World when you write, COTTON "Gulf Stream " " Staple" Brunswick' Samples and Prices Furnished Upon Application. Diamond Hose For Railroads Manufactured and Sold last three years 800,000 pieces of Air Brake Hose for leading railroads >--OE_MAR^ The highest grade of Rubber Boots and Shoes, *' Liver" and ''Ideal" Canvas Shoes, etc., etc. High grade Mechanical, Engineering and Mill Work, Railway Springs, Valves, Buffers, Sheets, Insertion, Rings, Bladders, Deckles, Printers' Blankets, Hose, Belting, Mats, Packing, etc., etc. Cycle and Carriage Tires, ''Lockfast " pneumatic, single tube, cushion and solid. India Rubber Thread. CHIEF OFFICE: 292 VAUXHALL RD., LIVERPOOL, and at 34 Aldermanbury, London, E. C, 20 Rue des Marais, Paris, 333 Kent St., Sydney, New South Wales. Factories: Vauxhall Road, and Walton,*" Liverpool. Mention the India Itubber World when you write. Lake Shore Rubber Co. Manufacture Mechanical Rubber Goods, HOSE, BELTING, PACKING,VALVES, GASKETS, ELECTRICAL TAPE, OIL WELL SUPPLIES, Etc. WRITE FOR PRICES AND SAMPLES., Office and Works, ERIE, PA. Mention The India Rubber World when you write. Canfield's Rubber Specialties Control the market in this as in all other countries. More Jobbers sell them, more plumbers use them and more of them than all other kinds put together. H. 0. CANFIELD, Bridgeport, Conn. UerUion The India Biibbcr World when you write. Most Perfect Rubber Hose Armor. Saves 80 per cent, in Rubber Hose Expense. By the use of this armor, which can be put on the hose by any ordinary mechanic, two or three-ply hose is made capable of withstanding the highest steam, hydraulic or compressed- air pressure used. It has the durability of steel, with the flexibility of India-rubber, and can be made to withstand 5,000 pounds pressure to the square inch. It prevents bursting, kinking, and mashing of the hose, and, being smooth on the surface, is easily drawn over rough ground. It can be applied to the inside as well as the outside, when desired for suction hose. Sold by dealers generally. Metallic Flexible Tubing Co., INVENTORS AND nANUFACTURERS, 254 S. SECOND STREEET, - - PHILADELPHIA. THE CONSUMERS RUBBER CO., General 5ales Agents, 22 SOUTH Water Street, - Cleveland. Ohio. Mention TIic India Rubber World when you write. April i, 190 i.] THE INDIA RUBBER -WORLD XIII Garden Hose-Season 1901 We're talking Garden Hose now, and we're making it, too — lots of it. Our factory has a capacity of 60,000 feet per day. We anticipate big business this 1901 season, . and have prepared for it. Samples ready. Prices in- viting. Reputation second to no other makers. Are you ready to place your orders ? Write us. Our line for the Season of 1901 comprises: 14 Grades Rubber Garden Hose, 3 Grades Cotton Garden ttose. COMPETITION. SPECL\L COMPETITION. WATER SNAKE HOME. HIGH PRESSURE. WHITE CROSS. TIGER. COMMERCIAL. EXTRA 5 PLY. SAMSON. HOBSON. COTTON. SUNOL. COTTON. VINDEX. COTTON. Home Rubber Company, J. O. stokes, Manager m^m^mwmmmFm Mention, The India Rubber World wtien uou, write ZIV THE IMDIA RUBBER WORLD [April i, 1901. THE SEAMLESS RUBBER CO., NEW HAVEN RUBBER CO., NEW HAVEN, CONN., U. S. A. MANUFACTURERS OF Fine Rubber Goods AND QEO. M. ALLERTON, Treasurer and General Manager. Druggists' Sundries IN SOFT AND HARD RUBBER. Mention The India Rubber World when you irrite. DAVOL RUBBER CO., Manufacturers Of FIN F RUBBER GOODS rl^rlr'^l:' FOR THE DRUGGISTS', SURGICAL. AND STATIONERY TRADE. ift^i|^ ^»4Ht MOULD WORK AND SPECIAL GOODS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION. iJ^J^i^i JOSEPH DAVOL^ PresidenUnd Treasurer. PROVIDEIVCE, R. L - Mention The India Rubber World when you write. April i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD XV ST. PETERSBURG (Russia). All kinds of Overshoes. Articles for Technical and Surgical Use. 1860 t.ra.p.m: C.riETEPByprbK TOYS AND DOLLS. CLOFHINQ. Mention 'Uie India Rubber World wfim yon write. Rubber is the colloquial and facetious remark one hears now on the street and elsewhere, but we do not use it in that sense. We employ it to convey to your mind the fact that our brand of rubbers. 99 . . The . . Narragansett Brand is the best on the market for the money. If you have not had a sample case we would be pleased to place one with you. If you have had our goods we know they have given you perfect satisfaction. Byfield Rubber Co. General Offices, PROVIDENCE. R. I. Sales Department : 289 DEVONSHIRE STREEF, BOSTON. Telephone, 2601. WM. F. STEVENS, General Manager of Sales. Mention The India Rubber World when you write. WARRANTED ,-'iji A^R ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ ♦ LEATHER TOP \ LUMBERMEN'S OVERS. * These are what the people want to wear i with German Socks. We are headquarters for these ; also for Combinations. 1 Grand Rapids Felt Boot Co., X GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. ♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦ Mention lite IntHii liitbber World v.'hen you^ lorit^. SLf' New Goods, New Lasts, New Patterns, New Boots, New Lumbermen's, New Arctics, New Shoes, All Ready. B ^Bpsley PubberCo FIRST QUALITY. WM Room 504. SECOND QUALITY. LAIGHTON, Selling Agt., 183 ESSEX STREET, BOSTON. APSLEY RUBBER CO., HUDSON, MASS. Mention The India Rubber World when you write. X" THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [April i. 1901. I In Every j I Essential | I Requirement | i BANIGAN I i RUBBERS I I Are Unexcelled. 1 ^ SEND YOUR ORDERS TO ■■ ^ ^ Edward R. Rice, Buffalo. ^ ^ C. L. Weaver & Co., Boston. ^ ^ Edward R. Rice, Chicago. ^ ^ American Hand Sewed Co., Omaha. 3 ^ Linthicum l^ubbcr Co., Baltimore. ^ ^^ Mention The India Rubber World when you write. ^^ ^iiiiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiiiiUiUiiUUiUiUiUiUiUiiiiUiUaiiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUiUm April i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER ^VORLD XVII Summer Will Soon Be Here It's Time to Think of Tennis ^^^^< '^^^^^^•^^•' When you lay in your Storm King Boots and Snow Excluders you never quite know whether the weather is going to help you out or not, but with Tennis there is no such uncertainty. Every summer brings its Tennis weather, and each summer brings a bigger demand for the light, cool, comfortable Tennis shoes. We hardly need to go into details ; you know our Tennis shoes pretty well, you have handled so many of them the past five years. Our 190 1 line includes those old stand-bys — the Defender and Champion, both made in white, black and brown duck ; the popular new Vacation Shoe, with the extra heavy red rubber sole ; the particularly "swell" all-white Yachting Shoe ; the light Gymnasium and the Bathing Shoe ; all of these, except the Bathing Shoe, being made in both Bals and Oxfords. Have you had one of our 190 1 illustrated Tennis Price Lists? If you haven't, your jobber will mail you one, or we will — very gladly, if you will drop us a postal. UNITED STATES RUBBER CO., For TENNIS, Address Boston Office, 43 Bedford Street. Mention The India Rubber World when you write. zx THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [April i, 1901. ■0 0_ ;©: 0_ :®; 0: p '^ ® |g ® @ 0. :©; :©: 0.00.0000, RUBBER GOODS Our tliree brands, — single, double and triple diamond, — correspond to three qualities. A single diamond means "Carbon" grade — a good article; a double diamond means "Double Diamond" grade — a line article; a triple diamond means "184G Para" grade — a splendid article and the best we can make. Our brands on hose, belting, packing and other rubber goods are guarantees of high quality and long service. Belting, Garden Hose, Water Hose, Fire Hose, Suction Hose, Steam Hose, Air Hose, Tubing, Rod Packing, Chicago, 150 Lake St. St. Louis, 411 No. Third St. San Francisco, 509 Market St. Boston, 24 Summer St, Philadelphia, 724 Chestnut St. C. I. Packing, Ruby Packing, Gaskets, I'alvcs, Rubber Tiling, k'ubbcr Matting, Emery Wheels, Specialties, League Tires, NEW YORK BELTING &PACKINGCO.LTD PIONEERS AND LEADERS-25 PARK PLACE, NEW YORK. W} ® m m m 'm) '■m Mention The India Caliber ]\'t,rhl when ycu u^ritc. 2 XL COTTON FIRE HOSE For Factory Protection, As required by the Associated Factory Mutual Insurance Co. TUBE, PURE AND FLEXIBLE. JACKET, SPECIAL YARNS, And Woven on Looms of Our Own Design. Five grades of Single and Double Jacket Hose for all purposes. Nozzles, Reels, Racks, Carts and Spanners carried in stock. IVrite for Samples and Prices. THE MECHANICAL RUBBER CO., .CLEVELAND, OHIO. Mf^ntion The India liiihhrr ^\^nr/^/ irht n tin April i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 195 OUTLOOK OF THE RUBBER INDUSTRY. WPtBtf' Published on the Ist of each Month by THE INDIA RUBBER PUBLISHING CO. No. 150 NASSAU ST.. NEW YOEK. HENRY C. PEARSON, EDITOR. HAWTHORNE HILL, ASSOCIATE. Vol. 24. APRIL 1, 1901. No. 1. 8nBSCBiPTiON9 : $3.00 per year, $1 .76 for six months, postpaid, for the United States and Canada. Foreign countries, same price. Special Rates for Clubs of five, ten or more suliscribers. Advertising: Rates will be made known on application. Remittances: should always be made by bank draft. Post Office Order' or Express Money orders on New York, payable to The India Rubbkk Publishing Company. Remittances for foreign subscriptions should be sent by International Post older, payable as above. OiscoNTiNCANCES : Yearly orders for subscriptions and advertising are regarded as permanent, and after tlie first twelve months they will be discontinued only at the request of the subscriber or advertiser. Bills are rendered promptly at the beginning o£ each period, and thereby oui' patrons have due notice of continuance. Entered at New York Post Office as mall matter of the second-class. TABLE OF CONTENTS. Editorial : Outlook of the Rubber Industry Rubber Shoe Prices^.' Growth of Mam'ios as a Rubber Center. The Obituary Eecord. [With Portraits of Alexander Henderson, James P. Laagdon, and Benjamin F. Taft.] The Manufacture of Rubber Packings John S.McClnrg, M. S. TheElectricDrivingof Rubber Mills J.U.DeWulf Qualifications of Salesmen [Contributed by " Men on the Road. "J The India-Rubber Industry in Great Britain Our liegular Correspondent. 1 Longevity of Rubber Goods. Cycle and Motor Show. Card Cloth Manufacture. Rubber Footwear in Persia. New Cable Companies. Recent Dividends. Personal Notes,] India-Rubber Goods in Commerce [American Iinp)ortsand Exports. German Exports.] The Rubber Tire Interest (f(iH.'i()-rt(ed). [Descriptions of New Tiies. Factory Notes.] New Goods and Specialties in Rubber (/((ustroted) [The " Horseshoe " Air Cushion. Nonintlammable Rubber Tubing. Greenwood Rubber Heeled Horseshoe. Tlie Davidson Nebulizer. New " American " Windsor Toe for Women.] Jotted Down at Random Canada Imports More Rubber Goods Recent Rubber Patents [American and English] M lellaneous : ubber (lathering in Bolivia •rying Washed Rubber An English Contribuior. i'he Goodyear Curios Were Saved Unjust Claims and Allowances American Bicycle Co. 'a Affairs British Rubber Manufacturers. '.. Rubber [and Gutta-percha] in the Philippines British Trans- Pacific Cable Rubber Industry In Portugal The Pickett Valve in Tire Repairs Talc From H New Source Rmpire Automatic Time Recorder i i;;u8(ro/ed) ....'...'. Some Wants of Tlie Rubber Trade News of the American Rubber Trade Literature of India-Rubber The Rubber Planting Companies New Trade Publications Beviewofthe Crude Rubber Market 195 ige 196 197 199 201 202 203 205 206 208 209 209 211 198 200 204 205 207 207 2)« 210 210 219 219 219 319 £13 218 220 220 221 ■XirHILE the consumption of crude rubber in the United States within a year past has fallen below the highest figure previously reached, there have not been for decades more manifestations of activity in the industry, or of preparation for increasing business than now. The re- duced consumption of rubber may be attributed in part to the reduced demand for rubber footwear during recent sea- sons unfavorable for that line. Another reason why last year's consumption was less than during the year before — when the " high water " mark was reached — was that 1899 was a year which witnessed complete recovery from a period of business depression, and during which all lines of production became more active. Delayed purchases of rubber goods were made then, and depleted stocks were filled out. For a brief time, perhaps, the rubber business may have been overdone ; at any rate there were conserva- tive manufacturers who did not, twelve months ago, look for an immediate repetition of such a year's trade. Yet no complaint has been heard of the results of succeeding business. It is worth noting that now practically no rubber fac- tories in the country are standing idle. There are not even any factories for sale, except in the sense that most businesses can be bought, if the offer is high enough. There is even a scarcity of second hand rubber machinery in the market. These are all indications of a favorable condition, both existing at present and for prospective trade. There is also to be taken into account the new factories, the planning or opening of which have been re- ported lately in our pages, pointing to confidence in a con- tinued good demand for rubber goods, and that on an increased scale. Not the least interesting feature of the industry, however, is the evidence at every hand that long established factor- ies, even where no particular extension of capital or facilities is reported, are alert to improve their methods or their plant to the utmost, realizing that only by such measures can the most strongly intrenched firms hope to meet the keen competition in selling goods which nowhere has been more marked than in the rubber line. The question of cost of production is being studied more thoroughly, and more attention is given to the saving of time or of labor, or to preventing waste of material — all of v/hich tend ultimately to a better showing on the balance sheet. All in all, the rubber industry is on a good basis. With constantly improving processes, with frequent betterments in mechanical appliances, and with more economical methods in management — with the advantages of produc- tion on a very large scale, and the specialization of work by which a given factory is devoted constantly to the pro- duction of a single line of goods — every condition points to the future manufacture of rubber at prices calculated to extend consumption, while assuring the producers a suf- ficient profit. This will have an ultimate favorable bear- ing upon the exports of American rubber goods, which lately have begun to expand at an encouraging rate. 196 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [April i, 1901. RUBBER SHOE PRICES. /^NCE a year, about this time, the whole shoe trade ^^ becomes anxious, if not upset, over the question of prices of rubber footwear for the next twelve months. Now if taxes lluctuated wildly from year to year, the aver- age citizen might feel concern over the fixing of the rate ; or if there were stated periods for settling the price of steel, the large users of this material might go slow in making contracts, with the approach of expected changes. But why such ado should be made about the prices of rubbers is not so clear. The customer doesn't make any move in the matter. Mr. A. might object to paying 75 cents for a pair of rub- bers if he knew that Mr. B. had bought the same quality for 70 cents, particularly if it had been in the same store. But if the dealer charged the same price to all cus- tomers alike, the average citizen would pay that price without complaint — if he needed the rubbers. If he didn't need them, he would hardly buy at any price. After all the talk about prices of rubbers, there really is no fixed price. In New York the same article is retailed up and down Broadway at all the way from 65 cents to $1 a pair, according to the character of the first store one happens to drop into after a snowstorm. The fact is that the manufacturer can fix prices only in making the first turnover of his product. No sort of con- tract will prevent a jobber from "cutting" whenever he feels like it, and as for the retailer — if he can attract a crowd to his store by giving away rubbers, with a prize besides, no law can be enforced against him. Then why should not the manufacturer stop at fixing a price on his product that will yield a fair profit for himself, and leave the rest to other heads to worry over? The makers of leather shoes don't fix prices for retailers and for the wearer. The man who wants a pair of leather shoes buys what he thinks he wants and pays the price, regardless of how many other different makes in the same store may be higher or lower in cost. There is little more need for rubbers to be uniform in price. As a matter of fact, every- body knows that there are rubber shoe manufacturers who habitually ask more — and receive more — for their goods than the standard prices, and presumably jobbers and re- tailers are able to sell them for more, or else the manu- facturer would have to conform to the standard price to the jobber. This issue of The India Rubber World must go to press before the customary announcement to the trade of footwear prices is due, and there can be no comment here, therefore, on whatever action may be taken. For that matter, we have no desire to comment on anybody's price list, at ai!y time. But there is one view to which we have held at all times — that it is not good business to make and sell any product at a price that does not promise a profit. And another point to be insisted upon is that no reduction in rubbers will ever increase the consumption. Rubber shoes are the last thing in the world that the average per- son will buy and store away just because they are cheap. He will rather run the risk of having to pay more than they are worth when the next snow comes. And if a man should go about wearing rubbers in fine weather, only be- cause they were bought at a bargain, his friends would probably inquire into his sanity. In all other lines of rubber goods there are different grades offered at different prices, to meet different wants, and the customer who prefers high grade goods pays the price, without regard to what else the market may afford. It would seem that a good policy with regard to rubber footwear, instead of sinking to a dead level of uniformity in price — thus preventing any manufacturer from making a better grade than his associates under the agreement — would be for each to strike out for himself, make a good quality of goods, and charge what they were worth. There have been and are now in the trade examples of firms able to control a good demand on the basis of merit rather than of low prices. A reduction in prices as a general trade measure — with- out some other clear reason being given — is an indication of one of two things : either that profits have been too big before, or that a trade war is on, the result of which usually is disastrous to everybody engaged in it. As for the consumer, even if benefited for the moment by the re- duction, he must make good the losses sustained by the warring manufacturers by paying unduly high prices in the end. With an article so cheap as rubbers, and in such great demand in normal weather, it would seem that in no other branch of manufacture ought it to be easier to main- tain prices at or above a profitable level. The name Manaos seems destined to become as tamiliar in connection with rubber as that of the older city, Para. The feeling of rivalry on the part of Manaos has grown with the development of rubber gathering in the great upriver state of which that city is the commercial and political capital, and the hope is entertained that in time it may outstrip Para. Our news columns lately have mentioned the new regulations in the state of Amazonas — a district fifteen times as large as the state of New York, and the largest rubber producing state in the world — which require all rubber gathered in the state to be handled in Manaos, with the idea of expanding the business of that city. The growing importance of the place is indicated by the fact that its population was declared, by the census of December 31 last, to be 52,900. Only eight years ago it was estimated at 20,000. On January 1,1852, when Amazonas, a former district of Para, became a separate state, there was no Manaos ; at least there was only the native village Barra, with 3848 inhabitants. The place was visited in that month by Lieutenant William Lewis Herndon, U. S. Navy, in his explora- tion of the valley of the Amazon made under the direction of the government, and though he remained six weeks at Barra, and afterwards made careful observations all the way down stream, he failed to find any rubber gathering in the vast Ama- zonas territory. The great growth of the place since then has all been due to the discovery of rubber there, and the world's increasing demand for this product, and doubtless the develop- ment here referred to will be found repeated many fold before another half century. Not the least important feature of the coming development is likely to be the placing of the rubber lands under private control and a more intelligent, systematic, and economical supervision of rubber gathering, with the result of rendering supplies more certain and regular, and prices somewhat lower and less liable to fluctuation. April i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 197 THE OBITUARY RECORD. COMMODORE ALEXANDER HENDERSON. THE late Commodore Alexander Henderson, whose death was reported recently in The India Rubber World, and of whom a portrait is presented herewith, was born in Washington city, July 22, 1832. He was the son of Colonel Thomas Henderson, U. S. A., and the grandson of Commodore Truxton, u. s. N. One of his brothers was an army officer, and one was a naval officer; one of his sisters married General Eastman, u. s. a., and another was the wife of the late Rear Admiral Thomas T. Craven, U. S. N. Rear Admiral Henry L. Howison, now living in Yonkers, New York, and Colonel J. V. D. Middleton, U. S. A., are also his brothers- in-law. Alexander Hender- son entered the navy as a third assistant engineer in February, 185 1, and completed nearly half a cen- tury of service as a commissioned officer of the navy. He was in Commo- dore Perry's fleet that visited the Ori- ent in 1853 55 and opened Japan to in- tercourse with west- ern civilization. He served in the Mediterranean in 1856 57 and took part in the Paraguay expedition in 185S. Though a Virginian, of one of the old Southern families, with many of his relatives in the Confederate service, Mr. Henderson served the United States throughout the civil war. He was in most of the bombard- ments undertaken by the Atlantic blockading squadron, and, while serving on the James river, took part in the siege of Petersburg, Virginia, and the capture of Richmond. In 1882 Mr. Henderson was made the engineering head of the naval advisory board, and the engines of the first vessels of the new navy were designed by him and built under his super- vision. When the work of the advisory board was finished, in 1889, he became chief engineer at the Boston Navy Yard, and filled that office until shortly before his retirement with the rank of commodore, in July, 1894. The day after his retire- ment from active service he went into business as treasurer of the Manhattan Rubber Manufacturing Co. (New York), which company had been incorporated, under the laws of New Jersey, in the October preceding. Mr. Henderson continued to fill this position until a few months ago, when he was succeeded in it by his son, Eliot M. Henderson. While interested in this company he organized and conducted a steamship company, running a line of vessels along the coast of Maine. When the Spanish war broke out Commodore Henderson volunteered his services, and again returned to active duty, serving until the close of the war as fleet engineer of the aux- iliary navy. His three sons, and his son-in-law, William H. Stayton, also served in the navy during the same war. Commodore Henderson was twice shipwrecked and had yel- low fever in foreign ports three times, yet he was until last year rugged and active. He lived in New York from 1894 to 1897, when he removed to Yonkers, New York, where he died January 12. The funeral was held in St. Paul's church, Yonkers, on January 15, and the interment was private. He leaves a widow and five children, all of whom live in this part of the country. The children are Eliot M. Henderson, Alexander Henderson, Henry H. Henderson, Annie H. Stayton, and Elizabeth H. Henderson. SKETCH OF JAMES P. LANGDON. The late James Pierpont Langdon, president of the New Brunswick Tire Co., whose death was reported in the last In- dia Rubber World, was born in 1823 at Bethlehem, in the Naugatuck valley, Connecticut. He was the son of the Rev. John Langdon. His early life was spent on the farm of his grandfather, James Pierpont, at Litchfield, Connecticut, and at the age of 18 he became employed in the drug store of a brother at Naugatuck. In 1847 — in his twenty-fourth year — he became connected with the Goodyear's Metallic Rubber Shoe Co., at Naugatuck, then lately licensed to make shoes under Charles Good- year's vulcaniza- tion patents. He there became well acquainted with Mr. Goodyear, whom he assisted frequently in ex- periments with rubber. Mr. Lang- don thus obtained a thorough knowl- edge of the manu- facture of rubber goods, and in 1854 he was tendered, and accepted, the position of super- intendent of the New Brunswick Rubber Co., at New Bruns- wick, New Jersey. In 1840 Peter C. Onderdonk and Johnson Letson had become partners in the rubber business at the latter place; in 1846 they were licensed to make rubber shoes ; and in 1850 the New Brunswick Rubber Co. was organized with Mr. Letson as president — a position which he filled until his death, in 1885. Martin A. Howell was then elected president of the company, and Mr. Langdon vice president and manager. Upon the death of Mr. Howell, in 1889. Mr. Langdon became president, still retaining the position of manager, which offices he held up to his death, on February 28 last. In 1892 the New Brunswick Rubber Co. became a part of the United States Rubber Co., Mr. Langdon serving for several years as a director of the latter company. Early in 1896 the New Brunswick factory took up the manufacture of tires instead of shoes, and is now operated under the style of the New Brunswick Tire Co. Mr. Langdon's long residence in New Brunswick made him one of the best known citizens of the place, and his active in- terest in the welfare of the community caused him to be held in 198 THE INDIA RUBBER ^VORLD [April i, 1901. universal esteem. Few men were more charitable. He was senior ruling elder in the Second Presbyterian church, presi- dent of the New Brunswick Humane Society, and president of the Charity Organization Society. The funeral on March i, was attended by the leading citizens and by many persons from a distance. Mr. Langdon had been a widower since 1891. His fortune is left to an unmarried daughter and a son — Samuel P. Langdon, superintendent of the factory of the Gutta-Percha and Rubber Manufacturing Co., of Toronto, Limited. The New Brunswick Rubber Co. were incorporated April 18, 1850, under the New Jersey laws, with $60,000 authorized. They began business with $30,000. On May 13, 1881, it was in- creased to $300,000. The incorporators were : Charles P. Day- ton, Johnson Letson, Benjamin D. Stelle, James Hutchings, Peter C. Onderdonk, Jonathan C. Ackerman, John Acken, Martin A. Howell, William McDonald, Peter P. Runyon, Lewis Stout, and James Bishop. BENJAMIN F. TAFT. Benjamin Franklin Taft, so long known to the rubber trade throngh his connection with the Rubber Manufacturers' Mutual Insurance Co., died March 22 at his home in Ayer, Massachusetts, with which town he had been identified for more than 50 years. He was born in Northbridge, Mass., on August 17, 1823, the son of Benjamin and Syrena (Batcheller) Taft. He was educated in the public schools of Northbridge and the Usbridge and Berlin high schools, and at the age of 15 went to work in a store at North- ^^^^ bridge. At 19 ^1^^^^^^^ years he went to / ^^^St^^^ S pencer, Mass., ^^» and engaged in ^5l jP the dry goods business; then to Worcester, and, in 1849, to Sutton , where he was mar- ried, on July 3 of that year, to Miss Caroline E. Whit- ing, who survives him. In 1852 he settled in Ayer (then South Gro- ton), where the rest of his life was spent. For many years he was agent in that town and in Worcester for the Ames Plow Co., and their predecessors in business, Oliver Ames Si Sons, Oakes Ames, and H. A. Bean & Co. A brother of Mrs. Taft, the late William B. Whiting, had become prominent in the management of factory mutual in- surance companies, and in 1876 Mr. Taft became interested in this business, as secretary of the Cotton and Woolen Manufact- urers' InsuranceCo., then just organized, with offices in Boston, of which he was, at the time of his death, vice president and treasurer. At the offices of this company, on October 30, 1884, was held a meeting of rubber men, out of which grew the Rubber Manufacturers' Mutual Insurance Co., incorporated November 4 in that year, and which commenced business Jan- uary 15, 1885. The original meeting was attended by George H. Hood (Boston Rubber Co.) ; I. P. T. Edmunds and James Bennett Forsyth (Boston Belting Co.) ; E. S. Converse (Boston Rubber Shoe Co.) ; H. C. Morse (Revere Rubber Co.) : E. H. Clapp (E. H. Clapp Rubber Co.) ; R. D. Evans (American Rubber Co.) ; Wheeler Cable and Freeman Wright (Cable Rubber Co.) ; Benjamin F. Taft, and his son, Benjamin Taft. Mr. Taft was elected secretary and treas- urer of the new company ; later he filled also the office of vice president, Mr. Converse being the president. Mr. Taft was also treasurer of the Whiting Mutual Insurance Co., and presi- dent and treasurer of the Industrial Mutual Insurance Co., organized in 1890. The four companies named are all large and prosperous, having in their directorates the most promi- nent business men in New England, and carrying risks amount- ing to nearly $100,000,000. Their success has been due largely to the capacity and energy of Mr. Taft. The funeral occurred on March 25, at Ayer, very quietly, be- ing attended only by members of the family. Besides the widow, all the children survive — one son and four daughters. On July 3, 1899, was celebrated the golden wedding of Mr. and Mrs. Taft, at which time a very large number of their friends, inside and outside the rubber trade, attended or sent cordial greetings. Personally Mr. Taft, who was a very large man, was positive in manner, but kind, and he was long an acknowledged expert in insurance matters. He was an unostentatious man, never seeking publicity of any but his business affairs. For example, the first time he ever consented to the publication of his portrait was when it appeared in The India Rubber World some six years ago. Mr. Taft was a member of Robert Burns Lodge, I. O. O. F., of Ayer; a charter member and first Master of Caleb Butler Lodge, A. F. and A. M., of Ayer; and of Thomas Royal Arch Chapter, of Fitchburg. RUBBER GATHERING IN BOLIVIA. THE Chicago Bolivian Rubber Co. (Chicago) has been men- tioned already in this paper as organized to collect rub- ber on a large scale on concessions in Bolivia, the rubber collected being shipped via Mollendo, on the Pacific coast, to Europe. A letter from the company's offices to The India Rubber World states : " Our president, Mr. J. Jackson Todd, of this city, recently returned from a tour of inspection of our property in Bilivia, which he reported better and larger than had been represented. We have a large force of Indians in the woods, and expect to get out a large quantity of rubber during the current year. The rubber is of fine quality." The Belgian company, L'Abuna, formed to develop a rub- ber property bought from Senor Ballivian, of Bolivia, report that this property is one of the finest on the upper Madeira. Some 2000 estradas of trees are embraced, which will afford employment for 1000 workers, with a possibility of gathering 7 kilograms (=17^ pounds) each per day. The season for em- ployment is estimated at seven months in the year. Besides the rubber proper {Hevea), the lands contain a large number of Caucho (Castilloa) trees, which it is proposed to work. It is intended to send at least 150 collectors into the forest this sea- son, besides such native labor as can be secured. During the past season twenty men, without supervision, gathered 21,560 pounds of rubber, or 1078 pounds each. •¥ * * News reached London on February 12 of the complete paci- fication of the Acre country, the rich rubber country some time in dispute between Brazil and Bolivia, and more recently the scene of an attempt to establish an independent " Republic of Acre." The insurgents have been definitely subdued, and the district remains in control of Bolivia, in accordance with a treaty concluded a short time ago with Brazil, defining the boundary between the two countries. April i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 199 THE MANUFACTURE OF RUBBER PACKINGS. By John S. McClurg, AT. S. T T THENEVER a large number of the operators of the \/\ manufacturing industries become compelled to use any certain article in the operation of their respect- ive plants, that article naturally becomes an object of interest to them. Is there a mill or a factory which can be operated without rubber packing being used somewhere with- in its confines ? No. Every engine and every pump must have its joints made tight by an application of rubber packing. Rubber packing is, therefore, an interesting article to the whole of the indus- trial world. In this connection it may be interesting to state that just in proportion as rubber packing is so universally used and useful the details of its manufacture and construction are as little known to the great multitude of consumers. There is no man- ufactured line to-day about which so little is known by the general public — and even the consumers — as the rubber line. As in the case of most products of the manufacturers' skill and enterprise, there is an almost endless variety of rubber packings on the market. These varieties naturally range in quality from the cheapest shoddy packings to the medium and best grades. Every manufacturer of mechanical rubber goods turns out his own brands of packing and claims for them such merits as will have the greatest weight in influencing a pros- pective customer. In purchasing a rubber packing which will best meet his needs the consumer must rely, more or less, upon his own knowledge of the quality, based either upon experience or else on the appearance of the goods. It is not the purpose of this article to praise or to recommend any particular brand of pack- ing, but to give to the readers of The India Rubber World considerations on the methods of manufacture of this most use- ful class of goods. A question of vital import to every manufacturer is : " What disposition can be made of the scrap waste and trimmings which accumulate about every factory ?" To no class of manu- facturers IS this question more important than to the manufac- turer of rubber goods. The proper solution of this important problem has meant to many industries a vast increase in wealth. In many cases this waste product — which formerly went to the sewer or scrap pile — is now converted into useful merchandise, and in many instances the revenue derived from this source has proved sufficient to defray all the expense of operating the factory. In the mechanical rubber industry rub- ber packing is one of the principal products obtained from the scrap and trimmings collected from the various departments. To the class of goods commonly known as rubber packing, the various kinds of corrugated and embossed mattings also really belong. They are so nearly identical in conformation, construction, and manufacture that they cannot conveniently be separated into different classes. We will begin, for conven- ience, with the cheaper grades, and take up each succeeding kind according to grade. It is essential first of all that every factory, in order to be economically operated, should provide each department with suitable receptacles to receive all the waste and trimmings which accumulate in the manufacture of the different products. These receptacles can be easily removed each day and carried to the mill room, where their contents can be sorted over. Pieces which cannot be worked over again into the original compound are piled away separately to be milled and ground together. This is not only economical, but it also keeps the factory clean and in good order. The waste having been sorted, it is ready to be milled. The mill should be warmed up to a moderate temperature and the scraps and trimmings worked through it until they become thoroughly ground and mixed in batches of about 50 pounds. It is important that the batch should become well ground and perfectly smooth, to insure a packing free from lumps and other defects. These batches are piled away and are ready to be mixed with other compounds. The very cheap grades of packing consist of three kinds: C.O.S. (cloth one side), C.B.S. (cloth both sides), and C.I. (cloth insertion). In most cases the two former kinds have a combination of the latter ; as, C.O.S. and C.I. The reason for using these insertions and outside coverings of cloth is that, in view of the fact that the quality of rubber entering into the construction of cheap packings is so poor, it must be strengthened. To use rubber alone for this purpose would be too expensive; hence cloth is inserted to make the packing strong and prolong its wearing qualities. The method of preparing the cloth, by the way, is the same for all kinds used in packing ; hence this description will cover all the different uses it may be put to. The cloth comes in rolls about 38 inches wide and usually about 110-120 yards long and is a good heavy sheeting. It is passed over a series of heated iron rolls to eliminate all the moisture which the sheeting absorbs in transportation and storage. The sheeting is then taken to the friction calender and coated, that for use in insertion on both sides, and that for the outsides on one side only — that side which is placed next to the gum. The reason for covering this sheeting is to cause it to vulcanize securely to the center and facing of the packing. The center is next prepared. This part of the packing is made from the batches composed of the scrap and trimmings, and should have some shoddy and compound mixed with it to give it the proper body and firmness. These batches are now warmed up on a mill. The calender isalso heated and the rolls adjusted to make the sheet the thickness desired. Suppose it is desired to make a roll of C. O. S. packing. Hang up a roll of sheeting which has been frictioned on one side, so it will run evenly through the calender, and begin running the warm scrap compound into it. When the com- pound has reached the proper heat, start the sheeting between the rolls and a smooth even coat of gum is thus spread over the surface of the sheeting. During this process care should be exercised that all bubbles are pricked to permit the air to escape and to allow the gum to spread evenly over the sheeting. This will prevent blisters and blemishes in vulcanization. Next comes the outer cover- ing which — for convenience — we will call facing. This should be of a better quality than the center, as it is the point of con- tact when in use, and requires a better compound to give it more strength and longer life. This compound is mixed and milled and laid aside a few days to dry and harden before us- ing. As soon as it is ready, warm up the batches on a warm mill and then feed it into the calender. Again hang up the partially completed roll of packing and 200 THE INDIA RUBBER AVORLD [April 1 90 1. pass it once more between the calender rolls. The new strip or facing now spreads over the surface of the packing and com- pletes the process. Care should be exercised again in regard to bubbles of air, as indeed should be the case whenever a new layer is applied to any roll. The calender rolls should always be adjusted so as to make the sheet a trifle thicker than is required in the finished goods. This is to allow for shrinkage — and also for compression which the packing undergoes while confined between the plates of the hydraulic press. Next we may take up the C. I. packing, which differs from the above in several ways. The sheeting used in this packing is frictioned on both sides, as the rubber is applied to both sides of the cloth. With this packing we have two facings, also, instead of one as in the above. We now take this roll of sheeting and hang it up in front of the calender as before, then take the batches — those made from the trimmings — and warm them up on the mill as before, and when at the proper heat feed into the calender, at the same time the sheeting is passed into the rolls and the compound spreads over the surface of it. When one side of the sheeting has been covered, turn the roll around and run a coating on the other side. Continue this process until the desired num- ber of plies isobtained. Thus the sheeting becomes imbedded between the various layers of rubber. These layers are calen- dered sufficiently thin to permit of the two facings being still added to the outside and yet have the desired thickness when finished. All is now ready for the outside layers or facings, and these are applied to the roll as described in the case of C. O. S. packing, except that a facing is run on each side of the roll instead of one side as in the former case. The third kind, or C. B. S. packing, is constructed in much the same manner as described, the exception being found in the facing, which, instead of being composed of rubber, has a layer of sheeting, frictioned on one side, applied to each side of the sheet of packing. The friction side of the sheeting, of course, goes next to the packing. This completes the con- struction or building-up process. These three kinds of packing constitute the so-called cheap grades of sheet packing, and the vulcanization is the next pro- cess it undergoes. This description has been reserved until now, as the curing process is the same in case of all the three different kinds. The roll of packing is now taken to the hydraulic press ; but before this process begins the surfaces of the packing ar« dusted with powdered talc or soapstone, to prevent the plates of the press from sticking to it. There is used generally for this purpose a belt-press. This press is made in various lengths; but, for convenience, we shall select one of 25 feet. The upper plate of the press is made stationary by numerous supports or legs on either side, securely fastened into the floor or base of the press. The lower plate is made to move up and down between these two rows of supporters, so that when raised to the level of the upper plate the two plates will meet perfectly flush. The lower plate is raised and lowered by means of hydraulic pressure. These plates are several inches in thickness, and are hollow to permit steam to circulate evenly against the surfaces of the plates for the purpose of heating them. In use, first heat the plates of the press to the temperature desired. The bottom plate is then lowered and the end of the packing pulled through to the opposite end of the press. Now turn on the hydraulic pressure, and the plate rises until the packing is firmly pressed against the upper one where it remains until sufficiently cured. This done, again lower the plate and pull through one more length of packing, and so on, until the roll is completed. The pressure of these polished plates gives to the packing a smooth surface while the heat is curing it. The roll should now be taken to a long zinc covered table, where the rough edges are trimmed ofl with a sharp knife ; giving the packing a neat ap- pearance. One of the most important features in the manu- facture of cheap packing is this curing process. The tendency is to over-cure, and this should be avoided ; because cheap packing, being composed largely of shoddy, and in many in- stances semi-cured stock, will very naturally become hardened with little age. Therefore, it should have a soft cure to insure pliability and longer life. [CONTINUED NEXT MONTH.] DRYING WASHED RUBBER. BY AN ENGLISH CONTRIBUTOR. THE subject of the drying of washed rubber is an important one, and I read what Mr. Pearson has to say on the sub- ject with much interest. In the present state of business it would of course be quite impossible to revert to the old order of things, and allow the rubber a long period of time for drying and maturing, even if the advantages attending such a proceed- ing could be considered as demonstrated beyond doubt. It may be taken that the average duration of time occupied in drying in British works is five or six days, though this would be shortened, if there was plenty of drying room available, by rolling out the sheets thinner. Nine-tenths of the water can be removed in a warm chamber supplied with a fan in the space of a few hours, as the bulk of the water is loosely attached to the sur- face of the rubber. It is the small portion which is in the pores of the rubber which is difficult to remove, as, if not chemically combined as a sort of hydrate, it is certainly tenaciously held. The more or less speedy removal of this portion depends upon the thickness of the sheet, and the heat of the drying chamber, the presence of a current of air doing but little to effect its removal. One prominent British firm dries its rubber in half the time taken by a neighboring rival firm by rolling it out much thinner, but then the one firm has plenty of available drying room, while the other is somewhat cramped and would find any extension a decidedly expensive proceeding. Where there is a rush of business the amount of time taken in drying is a matter of great import, and considerable interest therefore attaches to the process of drying for a few hours at a high heat, which is mentioned by Mr. Pearson as having been done for some years in a certain works. I have not heard of anything of the sort being tried in England, and cannot imagine that it would prove desirable for any but the best rubber. I did not notice any reference in the book to the vacuum system of dry- ing rubber, originating in Germany, and which has been so per- sistently exploited and advertised. It has certainly been adopted by one or two firms who did not allow themselves to be alarmed by the initial outlay, but it cannot be said that it has been extensively adopted in Great Britain, whatever may be the case elsewhere, and I am inclined to believe that first cost of plant is not the only fact which has militated against its wider use. A NEW schedule of export duties was to go into effect in Colombia on March i, in which the rate levied upon India- rubber is 5 pesos per quintal of 100 pounds. The peso was quoted lately at 42.7 cents. United States gold, which would make the duty equal to $2.1^/4 cents per 100 pounds. The ex- port of Colombian rubber is about 1,000,000 pounds a year. April i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER V/ORLD 201 THE ELECTRIC DRIVING OF RUBBER MILLS. By J. O. De Wolf. THE last years of the past century have been so full of changes that affect our modes of living, carrying on business, and manufacturing, that forces which for centuries had lain dormant, or only rendered usa small part of their possible power, are now so commonly used that we give them but little thought. The horse, as a motive power for street cars, is almost a thing of the past, and of such rare occurrence that it attracts more than passing attention, while the advantages of electricity for street car propulsion are so obvious that one does not require to be an engineer to appreci- ate them. We all remember well the difficulty with which the old time cars climbed the hills of our cities, even with the as- sistance of an extra horse, and how, when the tracks were ob- structed by snow, they made slow progress, even with four horses instead of two. Contrast this with the ease with which the elec- tric cars climb hills — even those too steep to be attempted the old way — and through snow blockades ; also the perfect control which the mo- torman has of his car, not only in starting and stopping, but also in varying the speed. A part of the vast power that for ages has plunged unused over the Niagara falls now generates elec- tricity that is carried to factories miles away, and there furnishes them with their motive power. Such a transformation of energy from the point where it is found to any point where it is desired for use, com- mends itself at once to the observer, and suggests changes in the meth- ods of driving factories no less radical than those wrought during the last fifteen years on street rail- ways. As the electric method of driving is already in such successful practical operation in factories of different kinds, it is fitting here to consider its application to rubber mills, and note the great advantages possessed by this modern method over the meth- ods previously used. Starting in the engine room of almost any rubber plant, we find a large and comparatively slow speed engine driving the mill room through a set of gears or by a rope drive. As the main shaft in the mill and calender room runs about 50 to 60 revolutions per minute, it is necessary to reduce this speed ma- terially from that of the engine itself. The slow speed and large power required in this part of the plant make necessary large and heavy gearing, or wide and large pulleys. The loss of power through this drive or gearing is also a constant drain on the coal pile, but not the only one, for the long line of heavy shafting at about the floor level uses up at its best a valuable and considerable amount of power, and any settling in the bear- ings, that is sure to occur, adds greatly to this friction loss. What rubber superintendent does not remember hours of MOTOR DRIVING OVERHEAD SHAFTING, connecting his mill room shafting with his engine, and the time spent in aligning this shaft, although not until many horse power had been lost for days or weeks. Then, coming to the mills and calenders, we find them running at one or two fixed speeds with no means of changing the speed. Now turn to a similar plant, electrically equipped. In place of the large belts ropes or shafting, and gearing to carry the power, we find wires running to any part of the plant where power is desired. In the mill room the mixers and warming up mills are grouped together and several driven by one motor. The friction of a large gear or belt drive is entirely saved, and also the friction, of the long line of main shafting. The saving in the cost of these items and the necessary foundations for them is a point to be carefully noted. Whenever it is desired to shut down a group of these mixers, the motor is stopped, and no power is used by them. There is also a saving of all that friction lost in driving the whole of a large main shaft when it is only desired to run a few mills. The calender having its own mo- tor, can be run as a street car is run, and instead of using the nearest proper speed that can be got out of perhaps two combinations, you have unlimited control and speed your calender rolls to suit the stock you are running, making a great saving not only in production, but also in perfection of work. When the question of an addition to a plant comes up, where the elec- tric drive is used, you are not tied • down as in the old systems, and it is not necessary to continue the mill room in line with the old one or figure how to take more power from an already overloaded shaft. Nor is it necessary, when first installed, to use a larger shaft than necessary in order to allow for future exten- sion. The extension of a few wires and the installation of new motors gives power whenever required. It is not within the scope of this article to go fully into the application and merits of the electric drive, but it must not close without reference to that important feature, the central- izing of power plants. In all large and growing factories power has to be carried to remote parts, and in many cases this has resulted in the installation of separate engines, and per- haps even new and separate boiler plants to run them. Such divisions of a power plant not only render its running more expensive, by reason of the increased force of engineers and fire- men, but also on account of the decreased efficiency of small engines. If it is attempted to carry the power mechanically for a long distance there is of necessity a considerable loss in fric- tion, and where belting or ropes are used a variation in speed due to the slip under different atmospheric conditions. By the use of the electric drive the entire power plant can be shutdowns or night work in repairing the drivingarrangements centralized at the most convenient point, and large and econ- 202 THE INDIA RUBBER V/ORLD [April i, 1901. omical engines used. The total horse power of such a central plant can be much less than the combined horse power of iso- lated engines, as each of the latter must be of ample size to carry the maximum load that will come on it at the same time. Through electric wires the power is conveyed to any point at any level or at any angle with the other buildings, and when any department is shut down there is no loss due to the run- ning of any unnecessary belting or shafting. Nor is it neces- sary to use large and heavy shafting with the idea at some future time of coupling to it and extending the plant, for the addition of another motor gives power where it is desired, and cheaper than it can be carried by long lines of heavy shafting. Another point to be noted is the saving in cost of the electric lighting, for current for the lights can be taken from the same generators that furnish the power current, and as they are large machines the cost is less than the same current generated by a small independent lighting generator. To sum up briefly, the electric drive saves at its installation : 1. In the cost of the engines, as more efficient types are used under more favorable conditions. 2. In the cost of the shafting, as it is not used to transmit large power long distances, this being done by wires and motors. 3. In the cost of foundations, as no heavy gearing or large belt drives are used, and no continuous lines of foundations are required to support a long main shaft. The electric drive saves during its operation : 1. By delivering power to the machines more efficiently and cheaper than any other method. 2. By preventing the constant friction loss due to running a lot of main driving belting and shafting at all times, even though only a few machines are in use. 3. By giving a control of the speed of the machinery when- ever desired, and thus running at the proper and most econ- omical speed to suit the different changes of stock. 4. By centralizing the power plant and using large and effi- cient engines. The electric drive affords opportunity for an increase \n iht size of the plant : 1. Because the power can be carried to any place or any dis- tance regardless of location, and is not limited by the size of main shafting originally put in. 2. Because the location of the engine and the buildings they are to drive is not limited. Such, in brief, are some of the many advantages of a method of driving that is destined to supersede all others and materially change the organization of our rubber factories. QUALIFICATIONS OF SALESMEN. TO THE Editor of The India Rubber World: I am under the impression that much good will obtain, and benefits be secured to the salesman and to the dealer in the dis- cussion, now going on in the columns of your valuable paper, on whether a factory training or a familiarity with the manu- facture of rubber goods is advantageous or detrimental to the salesman in that line. I should say that it is far better for a salesman to possess this factory knowledge than not to have it. It does not follow that in the possession of this knowledge he must scatter it broadcast along his travels, nor enter into discussions with the dealer. His business tact should point out to him the error he would be committing in doing this. The great benefit to be derived by the salesman is obtained in the judicious use of this knowledge. Many opportunities are afforded to the salesman where this knowledge is of value to him. The confidence of many dealers — and also their trade — has often been gained as a result of some small bit of information imparted in simple language. Many chances are afforded the salesman to assist the dealer in answering letters regarding some special form or a suitable stock for certain work. Here again his knowledge helps him and the dealer. In the matter of reclamations for damaged goods, the posssssion of this knowledge is often most valuable. A salesman cannot know too much about the goods his fac- tory is competing with, and with a knowledge of the manu- facture he can and does gain much information which helps to break down the barrier between the dealer and salesman. It would be folly to say that there are no good salesmen ex- cept those who have this factory knowledge — for there are many. And therefore, while I do not hold it to be absolutely essential, it is certainly a most valuable possession. On the whole I should say that the salesman with factory knowledge, everything else being equal, is best qualified and a belter sales- man. A SALESMAN SINCE 1882. Erie, Pennsylvania, March 18, igoi. * » * One of the rubber salesmen who has contributed to our col- umns of late his views regarding the qualifications of salesmen, was asked what he thought of the idea of an organization of the fraternity on some such lines as have been followed by sales- men in some other branches of trade. He writes: To THE Editor of The India Rubber World : You ask : " Could an association be formed among salesmen connected with the rubber trade which could be made of practical assist- ance to its members.'" Sincerely, I believe this organizing business is much overdone. We have about reached the limit, with the Society lor the Promotion of Angora Cats and the Organization for the Prevention of Cruelty to Farmers. We are organized to death. But, seriously, there is strength in numbers; a crowd is an inspiration; association with our fel- low workmen would be helpful, without doubt. The practical portion of this question, however, is the possibility of making such an organization helpful to its members. To maintain an organization of any sort, sufficient benefit must be returned to its members to insure continued interest. These benefits may be returned in various ways. They may be social, or financial, or in a manner educational. To make perfect the social benefits, frequent meetings in localities adjacent to the homes or business of members would be necessary. In order to attend such meetings, business would have to be dropped, and in many cases, if not in most cases, those attending would have to make long journeys at much expense and inconvenience. The case of local social events is not a comparable case; I am discussing a national or- ganization. The second benefit — the financial — is an invisible and intangible one, and not to be considered by itself, and could not be reckoned upon. If such an organization could be maintained at all, it would be by reason of such education as undoubtedly would result from intercourse between members. But this appears, after thoughtful consideration, to be almost without the bounds of the purpose of such an organization as your question presupposes. Perhaps your recent contributor who thinks so highly of the qualification of " factory knowledge " will describe how he would supply this lack by joining a " National Association of Rubber Goods Salesmen." Personally, I would wager that my knowledge of the rubber business would be greater if the same time and money was spent in a trip to one factory, and much more practical. F. H. H. March 12, 1901. April i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER ^^ORLD 203 THE INDIA-RUBBER IMDUSTRY IN GREAT BRITAIN. By Our Regular Correspondent. NO attempt can be made in the space at present disposal to treat this matter adequately, but a word or two may fitly be said, as from what has appeared in The India Rubber World it is clear that the ideas which pur- chasers of several lines of rubber goods hold are much the same the world over. I have discussed the matter of LONQeviTY OF rg^ums with several British manufacturers who RUBBER GOODS. . , ,_ , , are all emphatic as to the unreasonableness ot the demands which customers are apt to make. " When a man's hat or coat gets worn out or shabby they are straightway replaced by new ones," said a waterproofer to me recently ; " but if his macintosh gets worn out, he is apt to resent this and lodge a complaint against the maker." Now this complaint need not be taken as showing a regular condition of afTairs, but it certainly is not the outcome of fancy. The difficult point for decision in such claims is as to whether the goods have had fair treatment. In some cases a waterproof coat is only worn on occasions, while in others it takes the place of the regular overcoat and is worn whether the weather is wet or fine. Mani- festly in the latter case it cannot be expected to retain peren- nial youth, nor can it be compared with one which has seen but occasional service. The question as to what constitutes a rea- sonable period of life for rubber goods is certainly a very com- plex one, so much depending upon the conditions of use, a matter which is of course quite outside the manufacturer's pur- view. The reasonable limit of time, though not in the case of any goods that I know of fixed with even an approximation to accuracy, has received recognition from tire manufacturers, who give guarantees for a certain time for first quality goods, but it certainly does not seem expedient to extend this privilege gen- erally to all departments of the trade. It is inevitable that a certain amount of bad work should be produced, and of course I do not say that in cases of undoubted defects the customer should have no redress, but it would certainly seem that he is apt to adopt a querulous tone on occasions without sufficient reason and the frequency with which such claims are settled is a direct incentive to roguery. It might be too drastic a pro- posal to suggest that claims should not be recognized after the goods have been accepted and paid for, but it would certainly be more in accord with the traditions of other trades. One thing certainly should be impressed upon the buyer — that it is to his craze for cheapness that dissatisfaction with the goods is in the majority of cases traceable. The fifth annual of this show, which was held February 14-23, does not call for much notice, as the only rubber firm exhibit- ing was the North British, who had a good dis- MANOHESTER ]^ qJ clincher cycle and motor tires, though CYCLE AND *^ \ , . -' . , , .... MOTOR SHOW. Without anything particularly novel in their make. The third quality of their make is this season prominently on the market, being known as the " Red Clincher." This is made no doubt to meet a specific demand, and it is to be hoped that those who buy it will clearly under- stand what they are doing and not compare it to its disadvan- tage with the first quality of to-day, or of seven or eight years ago. I confess to a feeling of impatience when I hear buyers of cheap tires mournfully descanting oh the decline in quality of the present day tire, though the prevalent suspicion that all first class tires so called are not of equal quality certainly seems to be founded on fact. Other tire exhibitors included the Radax company, whose tire was specially referred to in these columns last year ; the Shrewsbury and Challiner Tyre Co., Lim- ited—a recent amalgamation of the Shrewsbury and Talbot Cab and Noiseless Tyre Co., and the Challiner & Willoughby Carriage Tyre Co., and the Swain Patents Syndicate, Limited. The last named company are the proprietors of the "Swain " and " Horwich " tires, which have now been before the public for a year, the works being at Horwich in Lancashire. In these tires, of which the " Swain " is the first class quality and the " Horwich " the second class, there are no wires, thickened edges, or other mechanical fastenings to hold the cover on the rim, the method of attachment being extremely simple. In the price list just issued I notice that a slight increase is made on last year's prices, which may or may not be attributed to the use of a better rubber. In the case of companies such as the three just mentioned, who get their tires made for them at one or other of the rubber works by contract, the patentee is of course somewhat at the mercy of circumstances of which he has no intimate knowledge. To enlarge somewhat upon this point, it may be mentioned that other companies, notably the Clip- per, of Birmingham, have raised their prices for this season. Rumor has it that this company, though closely in touch with Birmingham manufacturers, draws its supply of inner tubes largely from the Continental Caoutchouc and Gutta-percha Co., of Hanover, a concern which has the reputation of turning out a larger quantity of these goods than any other firm. This sale of inner tubes in Great Britain, it may be mentioned, is not affected by the Dunlop monopoly, which only applies to the tire as a whole, or to the outer cover. In the reference to this trade which was recently made in these notes, the name of Ashworth & Co,, of Hasparbey, near Manchester, should have been mentioned as an CARD CLOTH independent firm outside the English Card MANUFACTURE. _, f". ,, , , r^ -ru r- i- u Clothing Manufacturers Co. The English business in rubber faced cards with Russia has always been a large and valuable one, because of the condition of the cotton industry in that country. I refer especially to the running of the mills night and day without intermission, a fact which ne- cessitates at least double the consumption of cards as com- pared with England. It has long been an object in Russia to reduce this expenditure by using cards of greater permanence, but the manufacturers have not yet solved the problem and, after all, it can hardly be said to be to their interest to do so. The prospectus of this company which recently appeared prominently in the newspapers has been rather severely criti- cised by those " in the know," it being asserted, REYROL ihough I personally cannot vouch for the accuracy MOTOR OAR J j^ statement, that all the five companies it was SYNDICATE. . , , , • , , sought to combine have been losing money of late years. As, however, the company has not gone to allotment, there is little purpose referring to the matter in further detail. In the course of conversation with a gentleman who has been engaged in trade in Persia for the last twenty years, I elicited the fact that the wearing of goloshes RUBBER FOOTWEAR jg ygry general and considered a necessity IN PERSIA. . , . u -T-u J IJ in the winter months. The goods sold are all of European origin, none coming from the United States, except perhaps in a private way for the use of missionaries hailing from America. Except for a short length of railway 204 THE INDIA RUBBER "WORLD [April i, 1901. ECCLES RUBBER CO. connected with the capital, the trade of the country is all done by caravan, though the vested interests which Russia has now obtained in the land, owing to the apathy of the British gov- ernment, will no doubt result in a great extension of the rail- way system under Muscovite auspices. About thirty tons of old Gutta-percna were among the stores sold at the Postoffice Telegraph Stores, Regent's Park, Lon- don, on February 27. The sale was by tender and POSTOFFICE prices have not transpired. From what I have CONDEMNED '^ , , , , , ,■ • j j STORES. seen of some of the lots the quality varied consid- ably, some of it being in very good condition while other lots were so decayed as to be almost useless for further application. It is probable that less of this material will be on offer in the future than has been the case in the past, as Gutta-percha insulation will probably be superseded by paper. With the general adoption of electric tramways in our large towns it is certain that, in view of the recent fatal disaster in Liverpool from the fall of overhead telephone wires, the use of bare aerial telephone wires will be largely superseded by insulated wires, either aerial or subterranean, wherever they cross the tramway routes. The adverse balance sheet which was presented at the ad- journed annual meeting of this company at Liverpool on Feb- ruary 28 was not very pleasant reading for the shareholders, who subscribed for extra capital at a premium, as a result of the big dividend announced at the first annual meeting, but the course adopted of putting the pen through an amount of capital equivalent to the loss an- nounced seems the best under the circumstances. A loss of ;£53'457 on ^he year's working is a very serious thing, though it has long been suspected by those doing business with the com- pany that things were not going on as well as could be wished. The cutting of prices which has been accredited to the firm by its most prominent competitors has hardly proved a sound policy, though I attribute the blame largely to buyers, who are contin- ually insisting on reductions in price. The ball making patents which are the property of the company are undoubtedly of value, and there seems no reason why the next annual report should not be of a much more favorable character. The distributions which have recently been made by the large cable companies as a result of last year's working must be considered as a satisfactory indication of the DIVIDENDS condition of this branch of the rubber manufac- coMPANiEs ^^^^- ^^"'sys p^y ^° p^^ ""'• ^"'^ ^^^ ^®'^" graph Construction and Maintenance Co. i7>^, while the British Insulated Wire Co., which, however, does not use rubber, pay 15 per cent. The Union Cable Co., of London, a new firm outside the British Cable Makers' Association, has no works in England, it being in fact a German concern, and the success it has achieved with the Brighton corporation has formed the theme for acrid comment in several of our tech- nical journals. On the last day before the new Companies act came into force, a company for the manufacture of cables was formed. Under the name of the Anchor Cable Co., works are NEW now being erected at Leigh, Lancashire, a town of w^obo which Mr. Shaw, who is prominently connected with WORKS. the new venture, is the present mayor. The capital is only £50,000— not an excessive sum for such a manufacture — and it is understood that the business to be carried on, at first at all events, will be confined to wires for household, etc., purposes, large lead covered cables not being touched. Pre- sumably the increased dividends referred to above have had the result of attracting the attention of capitalists to this manu- facture, though it should not be overlooked by investors that considerable scientific and technical knowledge is desirable, indeed, absolutely necessary on the part of those who under- take the control of this manufacture. Mr. Laird, who was formerly connected with this firm and then left it, has rejoined and has now the chief voice on the directorate. The works, which are situated in a WAVERLEY suburb of Edinburgh, are in close commercial RUBBER CO. , I ^ r T, . /- . J connection with the firm of Thornton & Co., trad- ing in Princes street, Edinburgh, as retail rubber salesmen, waterproofs, and general sporting goods, lor which there is such a large sale in Scotland, being the principal articles of- fered for sale. This company, whose works are situated at Forth Bridge, Stirling, report themselves as having had a satisfactory year in 1900, and now that they have weathered THE RUBBER COMPANY j[,g storm which new ventures in the OF SCOTLAND. .- , , , , ■ i ,_ u field of mechanical rubber must expect in these competitive times, their future should be assured. Like the Clyde Rubber Co. and McLellan & Co., of Glasgow, the Forth Bridge works do a mechanical trade only, leaving alone the water proof business. By the death of that somewhat eccentric nobleman, the Earl of Galloway, without issue, his brother, the Hon. Randolph Stewart, has succeeded to the title. The new Earl PERSONAL |g ^ director of Henleys Telegraph Co., a cir- MENTION. , . , / ^ ° '^ . , cumstance which may lead to the re-occupation ol the family seat at Garlieston, on Wigtown Bay, by the holder of the title so prominent in the history of Galloway, a part of Scotland which has many pleasant associations for the writer. The widow of the deceased Earl is a sister of the British prime minister.=-^I hear that Mr. Michelin, of motor tire fame, has been in Brazil with the intention of interesting himself in the cultivation of rubber, in emulation, I suppose, of what the head of the Russian American India Rubber Co., at St. Petersburg, . is doing in the Malay archipelago. The example thus set by Russia and France does not seem to have been followed by Germany or England, as far as rubber manufacturers person- ally are concerned, though these countries have taken the lead in accumulating scientific facts concerning the details of rub- ber culture. =— The recent death of Mr. J. G. Ingram, of the London Rubber Works, Hackney Wick, removes a well known figure from the trade, though no doubt the business which he built up will continue to prosper under the supervision of his son, who has long been connected with it. Rubber surgical goods in the past formed the main item in the firm's turnover, and it is presumably owing to foreign competition in Great Britain in this class of goods that last year an extension of the buildings was effected, in order that the mechanical rubber goods trade might be entered upon. THE GOODYEAR CURIOS WERE SAVED. THE members of the New England Rubber Club who had the pleasure of seeing the mementoes of Charles Good- year at the dinner given in honor of the great inventor in No- vember last, will be interested to know that these articles were not destroyed by the recent fire which totally consumed the building in which they were stored in New York. Mr. Charles Goodyear, a grandson of the inventor, informs The India Rubber World that while the curios were somewhat dam- aged, the injury is not serious, the only harm having resulted from water. The safes when recovered from the cellar of the ruined building were submerged in water, and while water- proof, were not watertight. The most serious injury was done to the copy of Mr. Goodyear's book printed on sheets of rubber. April i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 205 INDIA-RUBBER GOODS IN COMMERCE. EXPORTS OF AMERICAN RUBBER GOODS. THE returns of foreign trade from the treasury depart- ment for the first seven months of the fiscal year — July I to January 31, inclusive — afford a favorable comparison, in regard to manufactures of India-rubber, with the corresponding period of former years. The showing for rubber boots and shoes follows : Pairs 342,848 Value $175,176 Average per pair 51.1 cents. 1900. 487.531 $253,861 52.1 cents. 1901. 1,212,297 $587,687 48.5 cents. The total exports from the United States of goods classed as " Manufactures of India-rubber " during the first seven months of the fiscal year beginning July i, 1900, were : Months. Belting, Packing, and Hose. Boots and Shoes. All other Rubber. Total. July- Dec January, igoi. $265,621 39.141 $523,748 63,939 $807,193 156,547 $1,596,562 259,627 Total I 899- 1900. . i8g8-gg. . . $304,762 319,206 $587,687 253,861 175,176 $963,740 748,242 795.751 $1,856,189 1,321,309 970,927 (a) Not separately reported prior to July i, iSgg. Exports of reclaimed rubber during the same months have amounted in value as follows : I 899- I 900, $258,747 1898-99. $194,589 1900-01. $278,271 AMERICAN IMPORTS OF RUBBER GOODS. The value of the imports of India-rubber and Gutta-percha goods during the first seven months of the three past calendar years has been as follows, the latest figures showing a decline : 1898-99. 1899-1900. 190C-01. India-rubber goods $198,308 Gutta-percha goods 63,898 Total Imports $262,204 Reexports 9,846 $329,657 123.673 $262,018 111,445 $453,330 7.816 $373,463 14.2S0 Net Imports $252,358 $445,514 $359,183 GERMAN EXPORTS OF RUBBER GOODS. The exports classified by the imperial statistical office as manufactures of India-rubber and Gutta-percha, are reported by weight, in kilograms, under the headings given in the table below, for which equivalent weights in pounds avoirdupois have been computed for The India Rubber World : Classification. 1893. 1896. 1898. igno. Coarse soft rubber goods. .. .2.565,640 3,828,220 4,312,000 5,458,860 Fine soft rubber goods 1,647,800 1,762,800 1,894.420 258,720 Rubber threads and sheets. . 273,240 388,300 542,520 606,100 Textiles coated with rubber. 757,680 855,120 870,540 1,201,860 Waterproof wearing apparel 134,860 197,560 267,300 Elastic fabrics and hosiery .. 40,260 42,680 64,020 42,240 Rubber toys 616,660 . ... Hose, belting, etc 526,680 Rubber boots and shoes 631,840 Hard rubber 34,320 go,86o 72,600 173,580 Hard rubber goods 971,960 1,411,080 1,613,480 1,974,940 Unclassified rubber goods.. . 6,800 13,640 18,040 26,180 Total pounds. 7, 666, 060 8,847,000 9,585,180 11,168,300 [Note.— Blanks in the above table signify that the classes of goods opposite which they appear were classed, in the years to which they relate, under ditTcrent headings ; for instance, '" Rubber boots and shoes," prior to last year, were in- cluded in " Fine soft rubber goods," and so on. Rubber toys are now classified with general exports of toys, and no longer figure in rubber at all. Rubber bicycle tires are included with bicycles. Rubber insulated wires are not included above. — The Editor.] The value (in marks) of such exports during three years, has increased at the rate shown in the next table : Classificatidn. 189S. iS9(,. 1900. Coarse soft rubber goods. . .. 22,736,000 26,316,000 31,0x6,000 Fine soft rubber goods 7,750,000 8,097,000 1,411,000 Rubber threads and sheets. .. . 2,302,000 3,026,000 2,962,000 Textiles coated with rubber. . . 3,363,000 3,835,000 4,917,000 Waterproof wearing apparel. . 1,392,000 1,411,000 1,883,000 Elastic fabrics and hosiery. . . . 393,000 333,000 269,000 Hose, belting, etc . 1,056,000 1,138,000 1,556,000 Rubber boots and shoes 1,723,000 Hard rubber 172,000 347.000 434,000 Hard rubber goods 5,867,000 6,311,000 7,630,000 Unclassified rubber goods. . . 105,000 106,000 147,000 Total, German marks. .. . 45,136,000 50,920,000 53,948,000 Total. English money. .. . .,^2, 256, 000 ^2, 546,000 /2. 697, 400 Total, American money.. Sn. 284, 000 $12,730,000 $13,487,000 [In computing values /^i is estimated a: 20 marks and $1 at 4 marks.] [Note.— The remarks following the tirst table apply in part to the second. Some changes in classification last year result in an apparent decrease in " Fine soft rubber goods," which is covered by increases elsewhere. — The Editor.] German exports under the heading "Telegraph Cables, etc.," during 1900 amounted in value to 24,710,000 marks, against 18,269,000 marks in 1899, 12,519,000 marks in 1898, and 9,743,- 000 marks in 1897. The largest exports (1616 metric tons) went to Spain, followed by items in excess of 1000 tons each to Belgium, Italy, Russia, Switzerland, China, Japan, and Mex- ico, and smaller items to seventeen other countries. BOSTON RUBBER SHOE EXPORTS FOR JANUARY. To— Pairs. Value. Value, 1900. England 75, 500 $32,053 $5,480 Scotland 1,896 660 Nova Scotia 288 732 2,416 Newfoundland 540 328 Miquelon 156 200 262 Total 78,380 $33,973 $8,158 UNJUST CLAIMS AND ALLOWANCES. A WESTERN rubber man, speaking of rubber thresher ■^». belts, said : " I am more than glad that the cotton belt is taking the place of the rubber belt, for the former never had fair treatment. For example, before the threshing season, a man who owns a machine comes to a storekeeper and gets a rubber belt on credit, as he will have no money until the end of the season. Two months later he has the money, but hates to pay $40 or $50 for something that he is not going to use until another year. He therefore damages the belt all he can, per- haps running it against a sharp stake for half a day to fray the edges, or takes pliers and rips it down the center, or cuts into the side with his jackknife. Then he returns the belt to the supply man, says it was no good, and refuses to pay for it, and the supply man returns it to the manufacturer. Another case of unjust claims and allowances." Rubber Bands at $3 a Pound.— A newspaper in Kansas City, Missouri, has been attempting to make a sensation over the allegation that a local druggist, who served recently as chairman of the city and county board of election commission- ers, approved bills amounting to $307.89 for rubber bands, sup- plied from his own drug store, for " bunching " ballots. The price charged was $3 per pound. 206 THE INDIA RUBBER W^ORLD [April i, 1901. THE RUBBER TIRE INTEREST. PRICE PATENT FLANGE TIRE. THE tire here illustrated is the result of experiments on vehicle tires, extending over a period of seven years. In Europe, where the rubber tire was first developed, the " clincher " idea has always remained fixed in the minds of the tire makers. Theoretically it doubtless is true that the further from the central plane of the tire the gripping device is secured, the more stable will be the tire. But the trouble has been to secure a tire at the side and have it satis- factorily supported. The old fashioned way of compressing a rectangular strip of rubber into a channel narrower at the top than at the bottom was wasteful both of rubber — in that the channel had to be very deep to retain the rubber firmly — and of efficiency, because what had to be squeezed in could also be squeezed out. It is apparent that retaining bands and wires have theoreti- cal objections which practice has proved to some extent to be well founded. There is a very diflerent condition to be met with by the small tires from that which confronts the large ones. This difference is due to the matter of load. A light tire ordinarily is not injured by weight, but is worn out through a succession of lateral strains. A heavy truck or an automobile, on the other hand, kills a tire mostly because of the excessive weight, and the tendency to use too small a tire. The strains to which the large tires are thus subjected are dis- similar, in that the resultant strain is almost invariably in the plane of the wheel, whereas the light tire, which frequently springs entirely off of the ground, has many strains of which the resultant may be at right angles to the plane of the wheel. The matter of retaining bands and wires, therefore, is a much more serious one with the large tire than with the small, be- cause in the former case the rubber tread requires a full sup- port to stand the excessive load. This support cannot be had satisfactorily with the tire of which the heart is cut out. The " Price Tire " is stable, in the first place, because of its shape — a broad flat base, and a broad flat tread. Its base is re- inforced by a steel wire cloth, chemically treated to make the rubber adhere firmly, forming a homogeneous mass. The tread is. therefore, fully supported, and all strains are trans- mitted by means of this stiflfened base equally over the whole base, thus relieving any section of the tire from a concentrated action such as wires and bands must produce in a tire which is capable of rocking in a channel. This tire is molded in a cir- cle like a pneumatic tire, and fitted to each wheel. This means that the enormous and constant compression action which tends with the old type of automobile tires to raise the rubber out of the channel, even when the wheel is at rest (an action which obviously has greatly assisted in the destruction of many an otherwise good tire), is entirely obviated. The rubber is thus left in its natural state of rest, and in a condi- tion to perform its normal functions. The rims which clinch this tire to the wheel are cold rolled steel, fastened on both sides of the felloe, by being bolted to- gether through the felloe. Their stiffening effect is enormous, and does a great deal to ease the strains on the wheels them- selves. They are so simple and easy of application that any carpenter or blacksmith can apply them without previous ex- perience. These tires are made from 1% inches up to 6 inches, with rims to fit diameters from 30 to 50 inches. Sev- eral patents have already been issued and others are pending, covering this tire and several modifications. Tires are being made of this pattern for loads in excess of ten tons. [Calumet Tire Rubber Co., Chicago.] THE KOKOMO VEHICLE TIRE. The Kokomo Rubber Co. (Kokomo, Indiana) are manufac- turing a solid rubber vehicle tire, a section of which is illus- trated on this page. It is a two wired tire, made of a compound original in the Kokomo factory and which has stood the test of service very satisfac- torily. The company have, during the past year, equipped their factory with new machinery, specially fitted, for the manufacture of these solid tires on a large scale. They advise The India Rubber World that they are having also a large business in bicycle tires, and that, together with their output of solid tires, they are obliged to run the factory night and day, at full capacity. A local newspaper prints the names of the 172 factory hands employed by this company on a recent date, making bicycle and vehicle tires — at the rate of 2000 of the former and i6ao of the latter per day. This was in addition to the office force. A SECTIONAL PNEUMATIC TIRE. The Binghamton Sectional Pneumatic Tire Co. has been or- ganized at Binghamton, New York, with $50,000 capital, to manufacture a new tire patented [No. 644,622 — March 6, 1901] by Charles Miller of Auburn, N. Y. It is claimed that a sec- tional pneumatic tire will run easier than a continuous one, be- cause, the air section being in short lengths, not so much air will be pressed ahead in the tube ; also, that a sectional tube can be much softer and will stand up better than a continuous tube. Each section of this tire is held upon the rim by clips, which hold the outer rubber bulbs or rubber sections to the rim. The inner tube sections are pushed on a series of nipples located at intervals on a continuous metal tube that passes around the wheel and is connected with the air valve. When air is pumped into the valves the bulbs fill simultaneously, and as the air fills the inner bulb it presses tightly upon the nipple; the more air pressure the tighter it grips the nipple. There is no cement used ; on trotting sulkies this is expected to be of great advan- April i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 207 tage, as more than one race has been lost by the loosening of cemented tires. The officers of the new company are : George E. Green, president ; B. A. Bauman, vice president; F. J. Bau- man, treasurer ; R. D. Bundy, secretary ; W. L. Bundy, general manager : Charles Miller, superintendent. Mr. Green is presi- dent of the International Time Recording Co. and the Bundy Manufacturing Co., of Binghamton, and W. L. Bundy is gen- eral superintendent of the factories of these companies. THE TILLINGHAST ASSOCIATION SCORED, The correspondent who, in our last issue, made a statement regarding the attack of the minority stockholders in the Til- linghast Tire Association upon the legality of the transfer of the Tillinghast tire patent to the Single Tube Automobile and Bicycle Tire Co., seems not to have read rightly the decision in the supreme court of the state of New York to which he re- ferred. Three separate demurrers were interposed to the com- plaint in this action (H. P. Booth et al. versus Theodore A. Djdge, trustee of the Tillinghast Tire Association, et al.) — one by Colonel Dodge as trustee of that association ; another by The Single Tube Automobile and Bicycle Tire Co.; and a third by Cyras P. Brown. The demurrers haviug been argued (Jinuary 28, 1931), the court ruled, through Justice Lawrence, that the plaintiff's allegations did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action, the decision concluding: "Judg- ment will therefore be rendered for the defendants upon the demurrers, with costs, with leave to the plaintiffs to amend their complaint, if so advised, upon payment of costs." The previous siateiunt in these pages was that the demurrers had been sustained. The matter promises to be of little impor- tance, however, involving more or less a family matter, the Bjoth interests representing 522 shares of the 4000 constitut- ing the stock of the Tillinghast Tire Association. RUBBER TIRE NOTES. The India Rubber Tire Co., Nos. 1604-06 Grand avenue, Kansas City, Missouri, is a branch of The India Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio), with local facilities for putting on tiie vehicle tires made by the latter company. = S. D. Hanson, a carriage dealer at Edinboro, Pennsylva- nia, writes to The India Rubber World that he has put in a machine for putting on the " Victor " rubber vehicle tires. He thinks that rubber tires eventually will come into universal use, though their introduction into country districts will be gradual. = Harry T. Dunn, manager of the Fisk Rubber Co. (Chico- pee .Falls, Mass.), is on a business trip to the Pacific coast, whither he went via New Orleans, with the intention of return- ing through Chicago. = Mr. C. Warren Brown, who died at Salem, Massachusetts, February 13, in his sixtieth year, was a member of the carriage building firm of Lockwood & Brown, at Amesbury. who were among the first members of their trade to push vigorously the sale of rubber tired vehicles in this country. =The case of The Single Tube Automobile and Bicycle Tire Co. V. Hartford Rubber Works Co., for violation of the terms of the Tillinghast license, mentioned in the last India Rub- ber World [page 187] was called in the United States circuit court at Hartford on March 8, and postponed, on account of the absence of counsel on both sides. AMERICAN BICYCLE CO.'S AFFAIRS. The rates for the cartage of crude rubber in Liverpool, as fixed by law, are is. 2ii. ( = 28 cents) per ton for rubber in casks or bags and u. 6d. ( = 36 cents) for loose material, for 600 yards or less. One-fifth of this amount is added for each additional 600 yards, all charges being based upon gross weights. THE securities of the American Bicycle Co. have been listed on the New York Stock Exchange, dating from March 13, and embracing — Preferred stock — 7 per cent, cumulative $ 9,294,900 Common stock 17,701,500 Gold debentures, 5 per cent., 20 year 9,243,000 The company state that at the outset they acquired 33 plants by purchase of real and personal estate and 14 by pur- chase of personalty only ; total, 47 plants. They have since closed 3 bicycle factories and leased certain others for differ- ent purposes not relating to bicycles ; they have sold 4 rubber tire factories to various interests ; 6 factories have been sold to The Automobile and Cycle Parts Co. There remain in operation by the American Bicycle Co. 13 factories which they own in fee, and 3 the property of which is leased, with a total estimated capacity of 1,000,000 bicycles and 12,000 automobiles yearly. The company have not retained any of the tire or parts business. The company's gross sales of bicycles for the first ten months, ending July 31, 1900, are stated at S'3.780,- 280; net profits, $855.57971; interest paid on debentures, $250,000; leaving net profits for benefit of stock, $605,579.71. The trading in these stocks thus far has been slight. Sales have been made at 6 for common, 28 for preferred, and 80 for the bonds. BRITISH RUBBER MANUFACTURERS. THE report of the India-Rubber Manufacturers' Association points to gratifying progress during the past in carrying out the purposes for which the organization exists. Thanks to the generally enhanced prices of raw materials, rubber manu- facturers faced the situation with determination and prices of products were fixed accordingly. " A closer understanding has also come about as to the advantages of the Association in pro- moting 'the common interests of the trade, especially in refer- ence to legislation and to difficulties in the general conduct of the rubber business," as set out in the articles of association." The uniform standard price lists of hose and belting adopted a year ago have given great satisfaction. A better understand- ing has been brought about in the proofing trade. Six firms in this branch not previously members of the Association have joined during the year, and a waterproofing sub-committee has been appointed to deal with (i) the scale of charges for proof- ing cloth ; (2) the matter of guarantees for proofed cloth ; and (3) tests for proofing. Prices for proofing have become more uniform and the term of guarantees has been shortened. A committee has had under consideration the matter of govern- ment and railway contracts, the method of dealing with which has not been wholly satisfactory in the past. The officers for the current year are : Chairman — J. E. Baxter, The Leyland and Birmingham Rubber Co. Vice Chairman — J. RoBlNSON, Broadhurst & Co., Manchester. General Committee — R. K. Birley, Charles Macintosh & Co., Limi- ted ; John Cooper, the Dermatine Co., Limited ; F, W. Ingram, J. G. Ingram & Son ; P. H. Lockhart, W. & A. Bates, Limited ; F. Peg- LER, The Northern Rubber Co.; G. C. MandlebeRg, J. Mandleberg & Co., Limited ; H G. Tiipet, The Liverpool Rubber Co., Limited ; J. TiNTO, Irwell Rubber Co., Limited. Treasurer — David Moselev, David Moseley & Sons. Secretary — F. B. Knott, accountant, 2, Cooper street, Manchester. In the new Manchester technical school a laboratory for the testing of insulating materials is to be installed. 208 THE iNDlA RUBBER WORLD [April i, 1901. NEW GOODS AND SPECIALTIES IN RUBBER. K irLi: tKTijt THE "horseshoe AIR CUSHION. THE " Horseshoe " air cushion contains just those fea- tures which have been sought in other air cushions, but which no other cushion has possessed. It is made to conform to the shape of the buttocks and thighs, and, having a fiat surface when inflated, a firm and easy posi- tion is assured to the body, and all strain and discomfort is re- moved. The front of the cushion has a downward flare when inflated, being thinner at the front than at the back, which prevents that disagreeable upward pressure against the user's thighs. The cushion being connected only in the back, as the illustration indicates, permits the user to adjust it to his individual requirements by widening or de- creasing the front opening. The opening at the front prevents con- striction, and, in conjunction with the grooves in the back, also insures perfect ventilation. This ventila- tion also prevents any perspiration of the parts — a most necessary con- sideration. The cushion may be folded and used as a pillow or support for any special position, by folding one side over the other, and deflating one side in case the double cushion is too high. It is highly recommended by specialists as the only satisfactory rubber cushion for per- sons afflicted with rectal or spinal troubles, and is especially indicated in gynecological practice. Each cushion is fitted with a washable flannel covering, which can easily be removed and replaced, and by the use of this removable cover, the cush- ion can be kept clean and sanitary. That this distinctly meri- torious departure in air cushions is welcomed by physicians and nurses is evident by the degree of popularity which it has already attained, although it has been on the market but a short time. The " Horseshoe " air cushion is made in two sizes, retailing at about $4.50 and $4 each, respectively. Al- though patented by Meinecke & Co. (New York), makers of advanced specialties for the sick room, the " Horseshoe " inva- lid cushion is now controlled by the Davol Rubber Co., who have the sole and exclusive rights to its manufacture under Meinecke & Co.'s patents. The invention is broadly covered by patents in the United States and Great Britain, and there are also additional patents pending. The patents will be in- sured by the Patent Title Guarantee Co., through whom any infringements will be prosecuted. [Davol Rubber Co., Provi- dence, Rhode Island.] NONINFLAMMABI.E RUBBER TUBING. The United States consul at Coburg, Germany, Mr. Hughes, reports that Miiller & Korte, of Pankow, near Berlin, have brought out a new kind of rubber tubing, to be used in cases where damage to the rubber is to be feared either from the flame itself or by contact with hot dishes or stands. The rub- ber tube is sheathed with asbestos and the asbestos coated with incombustible paint, lest the fibres should peel off. The tubing remains pliable and can be cut as before. Burners with such rubber tubes may be placed on sand baths or hot stoves. The protection is, of course, not absolute; for when the heat becomes too strong the rubber inside will give way. The well known pipes with metallic spirals were originally made with the same object, but they have found other useful applications, and they differ from these new tubes by being hard and in- clined to break ; once leaky, they cannot be mended. GREENWOOD RUBBER HEELED HORSESHOE. The article illustrated here is not a rubber horseshoe pad, but a rubber heeled horseshoe, which is a distinction worth noting. The shoe itself is made of drop forged steel, in connection with which adjustable rubber heels are applied. The shoe can be heated and fitted the same as any ordinary steel shoe, and the horseshoer adjusts a toe calk of the proper size for the horse to be shod. When the shoe has become worn it can be re- set ; the toe calk can be replaced, as also can the rubber heels, which make practically a new shoe. The shoe is made in sizes from i to 6 inclusive, and has been on the market for three years, the rubber heels being made by one of the leading factories. [The Greenwood Manufacturing Co., No. 23 North Main street, Chicago.] THE DAVIDSON NEBULIZER. This is the simplest and most economical form of nebulizer that has yet been put on the market, its economy coming not from the cheapening of the material, but from fewer parts and far less labor in manufacture. The Nebulizer, as the illustra- tion shows, has a nasal cap which can easily be removed, leaving the throat tube, and this can also be taken off, leav- ing the open short tube for further nasal work. The man- ner in which the Nebulizer works is exceedingly simple and interesting. The pressure of the bulb sends air through the tube, forming a vacuum and drawing the liquid up in- to the tube. It then throws it against the sides of the bottle, breaking the atoms of liquid into the finest possible vapor. Both hard and soft rubber parts are made of the best of stock and the whole has the fine finish and the guarantee of excellence that goes with goods put upon the market by the Davidson Rubber Co., Boston. NEW " AMERICAN" WINDSOR TOE FOR WOMEN. The making of this style was begun only last autumn, but it is understood that it has met a good demand. A great point in its favor is that it fits so well the leather shoes that women are now wearing. The last has a pronounced right and left swing and a fairly broad toe, and yet it avoids the extreme swing and very wide toe of the " Bull-dog " shoe. This is a mannish shape, but mannish in moderation. It just fits the leather shoe now most in vogue. [American Rubber Co., Cam- bridgeport, Mass., and New York.] April i, 1901.] LtiE. INDIA RUBBER WORLD 209 JOTTED DOWN AT RANDOM. CLOTHING experts say that the day of the cheap mackin- tosh has f»one forever. It certainly looks as if their state- ments were true, as at present only high grade goods are called for. If the cheap mackintosh is really a thing of the past, it will help the sale of high class double textures and also shower- proof goods. We may also look for a decided revival of the surface clothing trade. * * * Rubber shoe weather in Canada has not been altogether satisfactory during the past winter. Except in the province of Quebec there has been little snow, and in that region it has not been of a kind that called for rubber footwear. There was plenty of it to be sure, but it was dry and light, and for several months there was not a sign of thaw, so that leather or wool goods were better and more comfortable than lubbers of any kind. * -if -X- Intemperance in the use of Pontianak is sure to bring about its own rebuke. Many of those who have used Pon- tianak in small quantities successfully are so encouraged that they believe that it can do almost anything. For example, it has been used alone in strapping for coats, the result being that before a great while it oxidizes and lets go. Another trouble with it is that during its oxidation it throws out a very decided bloom which, in diagonals, for example, often will come right through the cloth. One thing should be kept in mind wherever Pontianak is used, and that is, that it should be kept away from the air. Some manufacturers are so particular about this that whenever a lot is received they keep it under water until washed, and then they mix it in compounds that are not exposed to oxidation, or else combine it with mate- rials that keep the air from coming in contact with the gum. In that way it is very valuable. * * * A LETTER to The India Rubber World from St. Paul, Minnesota, on the rubber trade situation in the northwestern states, says : " The mackintosh trade is very much reduced and excepting a few staple styles of garments for men and women, will cut very little figure in the rubber business in this section. It never was large here as our season is too short. We have frost from September to May. As to mechanical goods and sundries there is a demand for better grades, and this increases as population and manufacturers grow." -:<- * -:<• It is not long since rubber manufacturers felt that if they were to get good white effects they must use foreign made ox- ide of zinc. To-day, however, American zincs are very largely used and with as good, if not better, results than those that are made abroad. * * * That " Mineral Rubber " is going to have a most important place in insulation, particularly under water, seems to be an accepted fact. Either mixed with Gutta-percha or without, it absolutely refuses to absorb any water- — a most valuable and necessary qualification. -^ * ■/■- The plant of the now defunct London Rubber Co. (Ashta- bula, Ohio) was sold recently to be used for the manufacture of ranges. This plant, it will be remembered, was run by Mr. South wick, who first brought out the wine colored rubber coat. For some little time he was the only one who was able to get the right shade in red coats, and as a result he made consider- able money. Eventually, however, other rubber manufacturers were able to get as good a color, and before the garments went out of fashion prices had been cut so that there was not much money in them. The London company were never able to bring out another paying specialty, and eventually went out of business. CANADA IMPORTS MORE RUBBER GOODS. THE value of imports of manufactures of India-rubber and Gutta-percha into Canada during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1900, as otTicially stated, shows an increase both in the imports from the United States and in the total : United Imports, States. Boots and shoes. $ 4(1,869 Belting 33.519 Clothing and water- proof cloth 64,138 Hose 47.778 Packing and mats. 35,871 Sheeting 1,969 All other 171,723 Great Britaiti, Other Countries. Total Value. Dutiefi Collected. $ 58 688 88,426 929 877 $ 46,927 $ 11,641.34 34,207 8,503.00 227 41 573 27,133 18,242 152.791 48,748 37.321 1,969 217,098 45.614 73 16,948.87 12,900.58 51300 52,885.34 Total $401,867 S118, III $(9,083 $539,061 $149,006.86 Total, 1899 $359,037 Total, 1S98 255,525 Total, 1867 209,776 Total, 1896 217,536 §£19.523 115,130 1463,690 1134,717.69 (a) 147.706 403,231 112,688.41 (a) 110,127 313.903 .... (a) 139,745 357.281 (rt) Included in " OtherCouniries." There may also be noted the imports of the following arti- cles, not classified by the Canadian customs as " rubber goods," but having a relation to the industry : United Other Total Duties Imports. States. Countries. Value. Collected. Webbing, elastic and non elastic. $ 78,697 §61,323 $139,750 125,177.04 Stockinettes, for rubber boot and shoemakers 47,9^4 15,774 63,738 8,873.41 Duck, for rubber belting and hose 119,864 19 119,883 free. Rubber thread, elastic ... 1,968 .... 1,968 free. The exports of Canadian rubber manufactures were also somewhat larger than in any former year, as follows : To— Value. To— Value. Australia $27,565 St. Pierre $ 58 Newfoundland 16,407 United States 108,811 Great Britain '4.392 Hongkong 1.909 Germany 4S3 France 477 Switzerland 211 Chile 135 Total $170,488 Total, 1899 133,332 Total, i8g8 77.68s Total, 1897 26,121 Total, 1896 30,879 The exports of such goods to the United States for the pre- ceding fiscal year amounted to $85,084. The Canadian statistics of imports for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1900, show these details relating to crude rubber and related materials : Classification. Pounds. Value. Guttapercha 2,252 $ 1.713 India-rubber 3.002,576 2,026,769 Rubber recovered ; rubber substitute, and hard rubber in sheets 1,523,834 Rubber powdered and rubber waste 563,118 219.779 66,038 Total 5,091,780 S The total is much larger than for any previous year, following comparative table, figures refer to pounds: India-rubber and Recovered Rubber Years. Gutta-percha In 1894-95 1,402,844 In 1895-96 2,155.576 In 1896-97 2,014,896 In 1897-98 2,457,321 In 1898-99 2,211,593 In 1899-1900 3,004,828 The imports of rubber from the United States amounted to 2,910,903 poutids and of recovered rubber, 2,077,758 pounds. and Substitute. 611,745 643,169 1,061.402 1.316,494 1,036,446 2,086,952 312,299 In the Total. 2,014,589 2,798,745 3,076,298 3.773.815 4,148,039 5,091,780 210 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [April i, 1901. RUBBER IN THE PHILIPPINES. A T the request of The India Rubber World some in- •**■ quiries have been set on foot in Washington with refer- ence to the occurrence in the Philippines of rubber species of commercial value. As the first result there has come to hand a list of the trees found there of the natural orders Sapotacea and UrticaceiT. To the first belong the true Gutta-percha and the Chicle tree, both of which are included in the list. To the second order belongthe Ficus species, \iwX Ficus e/aUica is not mentioned. It is by no means certain, however, that the list mentioned is complete. The paper is indorsed : Office Forestry Bureau, Intendencia, Manila, P. I., November 20, 1900, Respectfully returned to the secretary, United States military governor in the Philippines, Manila, P. I., with the statement that very little in- formation is at hand concerning the extraction of Rubber and Gutta- perch.i in these islands. None of these products have been received in Manila since the organ- ization of the present bureau. It is believed that there is a considerable area in the southern islands where Rubber and Gutta-percha is found. No definite reports as to the amount standing are available. Enclosed find a list of the tree species desired in letter [from The India Rubber World.] This list is made from Father Blanco's " Flora de Filipinas," from Vidal, and F. Villar. George p. ahern. Captain 9th U. S. Infantry, In Charge of Bureau. There has since come to hand Captain Ahern 's first annual report of the Philippines forestry bureau, in which it is stated : " There are a great variety of valuable gum, Rubber, and Gutta-percha trees, but the trade has been ruined by the Chi- nese in their efforts at adulteration and other fraudulent prac- tices. - - - Southern Paragua and Mindanao are celebrated for the great variety of gum. Rubber, and Gutta-percha trees grown there ; but these forests have never been properly ex- ploited, and aflford a very attractive field for the investigator." GUTTA-PERCHA. In the special consular reports on India-rubber published by the United States, the then consul at Manila, Alexander R. Webb, on December 6, 1890, reported that about fourteen months before Gutta-percha had found its way to Manila from the interior and promised to become an important article of export. For several years, he said, the natives of Zamboanga, Jolo, and other southern islands had been sending Gutta- percha, under the name of " goma," by sailing vessels, to Sin- gapore, whence it was exported to England. A Chinaman sent a consignment to Manila, which sold for $12 per picul (=133^ pounds), after which more arrived, and the price rose to $34 per picul. Within a year preceding this report about 1000 piculs (=^133,333 pounds) had arrived, and local English houses had sent agents to the southern islands to stimulate the gath- ering of Gutta-percha. The Chinamen were said to procure the gum from native Moros, who brought it to the coast from points the location of which the latter kept secret. No further information was ever gained from this source. ■"--The depart- ment of agriculture at Washington received recently some specimens of Gutta-percha gathered on the island of Negros, which are now being tested by experts. RUBBER PLANTING IN TOBAGO. M. Short reports, in The Tropical Agriculturist, the ship- ment of 21 pounds of rubber, collected from cultivated Castilloa elastica trees nine years old, which was valued in London at 31. (>d. (=86 cents) per pound. The Louis d'Or plantation, in Tobago, managed by T. Orde, is said to embrace 160 acres of Castilloa elastica and 40 acres of Ceara rubber. BRITISH TRANS-PACIFIC CABLE. nPHE trans-Pacific cable to be laid by Great Britain and her •»■ colonies, is now being constructed by the Telegraph Construction and Maintenance Co., Limited (London), whose tender was the lowest made to the Pacific cable committee, though all the leading manufacturers tendered. The contract price is £1.795,000 (=$8,735,367), the surveying and installation to cost £203,853 (=$992,766) extra. There are to be three sections, viz. : MILES. I. Vancouver Island, British Columbia, to Fanning Island (to cost ^1,067,602) 3653 II. Fanning Island to Fiji (to cost ;f 388,358) 2181 III. Fiji to Norfolk Island loiq ) Norfolk to Moreton Bay, Queensland 906 [- 2438 Norfolk to New Zealand 513) [The last section to cost ;^ 339,040.] Total 8278 The first two sections are to be completed by the end of 1902 and the third section by June 30, 1902. It is understood that 400 pounds of Gutta-percha per mile will be used, or a total of 3,308,800 pounds. The Telegraph Construction and Mainte- nance Co. date from April 7, 1864. Their full paid capital is £448,200 ( = $2,182,734). on which i 5 to i7>^ percent, dividends are paid, and there are £150,000 in 5 per cent, debentures. The net profits last year were £ 100,195. The company have con- tracted with Wigham, Richardson & Co., Limited. Newcastle- on-Tyne, for a new cable steamer, which will be their fifth. The Pacific Cable Board, which will control and operate the cable, consist of three members of the imperial government and a representative each of Canada and New Zealand, and two jointly representing the three colonies of New South Wales Victoria, and Queensland. RUBBER INDUSTRY IN PORTUGAL, THE Compagnie du Caoutchouc, Monopole du Portugal, organized in Belgium, March 5, 1898, to exercise the exclusive privilege for the manufacture of rubber goods in the kingdom of Portugal for a term of ten years, with a capital of 1,000,000 francs, has been mentioned already in The India Rubber World. The factory is located in Lisbon. At the annnal meeting in Brussels, on January 29, of the shareholders in L'Africaine, Banque d'Etudes et d'Enterprises Coloniales, through which the Portuguese company has been financed, ex- tremely favorable reports were made in regard to the progress of the latter. The end of 1900 found the company well supplied with or- ders ; in fact, on January i there remained to be filled orders to a larger amount than at any previous date, for goods ordered exclusively for Portugal. The January business promised well, while February is regarded as the best month in the year, this being the period when the vine growers order hose extensively for the treatment (spraying) of their vineyards. The report says : " Our representative is visiting at this moment the vine regions of the north, and everything leads us to believe that the very low prices he is quoting will open the doors to him very wide." An extraordinary reserve of 200,000 francs (=$40,- 000) has been created, and the treasury of the company holds 100.000 francs in shares of the Comptoir de Benguella and 600,000 francs in shares of the Compagnie du Luabo— enter- prises engaged in rubber trading in Africa. A SUBSCRIBER to THE InDIA RUBBER WoRLD at San Jos6, Costa Rica, writes : " I am planting rubber here for a New York company, and the outlook seems very promising." April i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLH 211 RECENT RUBBER PATENTS. UNITED STATES PATENT RECORD. Issued February 5, igoi. NO. 667,191. Process of synthetic production of India-rubber. Wil- liam J. Cordner, London, England, assignor to Louis D. Brandeis, trustee, Boston. 667,262. Elastic horseshoe. Thompson C. Stroud and Thomas H. Roche, Hartford, Connecticut. 667,338, Glove. Annie T. Rogers, New York. 667,348. Tire for vehicle wheels. Ferdinand W. Starr, Springfield, Ohio, assignor, by direct and mesne assignments, of three fourths to John B. Houston, William S. LeFevre, and John C. LeFevre, same place. 667,400. Rubber tire. Alfred S. Moore, Gait, California. 667,457. Tire armor. Edward C. Rehfeld, Horicon, Wisconsin. 667,481. Respiratory mask or helmet. Charles H. Wood, Trenton, New Jersey. 667,485. Non-puncturable tire. John C. Bean, Boston. Issued February 12, igoi. 667,666. Calendering machine. David Beswick, New York. 667,674. Machine for applying rubber soles to bottoms of leather boots or shoes. George F. Butterfield, Framingham, Massachusetts. 667,725. Armpit shield. Sallie G. McClain, Philadelphia. 667,738. Nipple for nursing bottles. James M. Rosegrant, New York assignor of one-half to John Gibney, Sing Sing, New York. 667,791. Device for automatically inflating pneumatic tires. Andres G. T. Ofverstrom, Sundsvall, Sweden. 667,950, Eraser holder and pencil attachment. Frank Oelke, Des Moines, Iowa. 668,067. Rubber tire setter. Reuben O. Stutsman, Des Moines, Iowa, assignor to The Bartholomew Co., same place. Issued February iq, 1901. 668,177. Life preserver. Frederick A. Groenke, Melrose Park, Illinois. 668,282. Amalgamator. Caleb G. Collins, Woodniere, New York, as- signor to Calvin A. Stevens, New York city. 668,292. Vehicle tire. Francis J. Johnston, Sacramento, California. 668,351. Soft-tread horseshoe. Robert J. Given, Hartford, Connec- ticut. 668,384. Rubber tire. Fred W. Morgan, Chicago. 668,398. Pneumatic tire for wheels. John Adair, Waterford, Ireland. 668,603. Bicycle tire. Martin V. Rush, Anderson, Indiana. Issued Febuary 26, igoi. 668,684. Insulating and fireproof sheeting. George Kelly, Mineral Point, Wisconsin. 668,733. Pneumatic tire. Phares S. Griffith, Grand Rapids, Michigan, assignor of one-half to Rose Bachman, same place. 668,994. Tire for vehicles. John B. Mahana and Adrian A. Pompe, Toledo, Washington. 669,047. Packing gasket. Albert B. Pratt, Boston, assignor to the Garlock Packing Co., Palmyra, New York. 669,049. Rubber tire for bicycles. William H. St. John and Omer W. Wait, Brooklyn, New York ; said Wait assignor to said St. John. 669.060. Grinding mill. Thomas Cascaden, Jr., Waterloo, Iowa. Design Patknt.s. 34.116. Water bag. Christian William Meinecke, Jersey City, New Jersey, February iq, 1900. 34.117. Water bag. Samf. Assignor to Meinecke & Co., New York, February 19, 1900. Trade Marks. 35,916. Fabric hose. Eureka Fire Hose Co., Jersey City, New Jer- sey, February 19, igoo. ENGLISH PATENT RECORD. Applications.- igoo. 16,937. Carl Otto Weber, Heathfield, near Manchester. Improve- ments in preparation for the vulcanization of India-rubber. .Sep- tember 24. l6,ggi. Arthur Stanley Morrison, 163, Queen Victoria street, London. Improvements in hose, engine packings, and other similar articles and in materials employed in their manufacture. September 24. 17,022. Frederick William Barratt, High street, Wimborne, Dorset. Improvement in inflatable tires. September 25. 17,055. William Frederick Williams. 53, Chancery lane, London. Im- provements in elastic tires. September 25. 17.065. Uzziel Putnam Smith and Thomas Kane, 45, Southampton buildings. Chancery lane, London. Improvements in pneumatic tires for vehicles. September 25. 17,084. George Marquand Truss, 11 1, Hatton garden, London. Im- provements in pneumatic tires. September 25. 17,203. Lewis Herbert Rittman, 26, Norfolk street. Strand, London. Improvements in pneumatic tires. [Henry Coeffin, France.] Sep- tember 27. 17,221. Improvements in wheel tires. September 28. 17,239. William Cresswell Hopkinson and Silas Joseph Leach, 36, Bridge avenue, Hammersmith, London. Improvements in the fixing ofwires in attachable and detachable pneumatic tires. September 28. I7,2g5. Albrecht Heller, 60, Queen Victoria street, London. Improve- ments in rubber tires. .September 29. Applications. — igoi. 895. Bogumil von Niedzielski and Jan von Gnatowski, gg. Cannon street, London. Improvements in the manufacture of rubber tires for vehicles. January 14. 8gi. August Hoedt, 36, Chancery lane, London. Improvements in or connected with pneumatic tires. January 14. 1007. Charles McCluskey Berry and Frederick Hofmann, 53, Chancery lane, London. Improvements in the manufacture of India-rubber goods. January 15. 1030. James Murrie, 264, St. Vincent street, Glasgow. Improve- ments in elastic fluid pressure rotatory engines. January 16. 1054. Hugh Taylor Stephens, 185, Fleet street, London. Improved cover for pneumatic and other tires. January 16. 1056. George Waters Pitt and Edward Martin, g, Warwick court, Gray's Inn, London. Improvements in wheels and tires of vehicles. January 16. iog7. Frank Harrison Barker, 4. South street, Finsbury, London, Improvements in elastic wheel tires. January 16. nil. William Brierley, 2, Old Market chambers, Rochdale. Machine for compressing rubber tires. January 17. 1117. Alexander Black, 62, St. Vincent stieet, Glasgow. Improve- ments in pneumatic tires. January 17. 1157. George Edward Heyl-Dia, 6, Lord sireet, Liverpool. Improve- ments in the manufacture of rubber hose pipes, tubing, and the like. January 17. 1 160. John Ebenezer Bousfield, of G. F. Redfern & Co., 4, South street, Finsbury, London. Manufacture of sheets, waterproof fabrics, imitation linen goods, and the like, from casein. [Fran- cesco Cantu, Guido Miglioretti, and Giacomo Maffei, Italy.] Jan- uary 17. 1171. Albert Abram Wade, i6g, Woodhouse street, Leeds. Improve- ments in pneumatic tires. January 18. 1229. Alexander Mironowitsch Levy, 27, Chancery lane, London. Im- provements in tires for vehicles. January iS. 1268. Fanny Katherine Moth, gg, Cannon street, London. Improve- ments in dress shields. January ig. 1308. Albert Powell, 7g. Reather street, Oldham road, Manchester. Improvements in couplings for pipes, cables, etc. January 21. '337' Julius Frederick Gems and Alice Gems, Cobham, Surrey. Im- proved armlets, and expanding adjustable and collapsible bust forms and other improvements in expanding adjustable and col- lapsable dress stands, bust forms, or holders of wearing apparel. January 21. 1412. Stephen Treverton and John Mitchell, Lloyd street. Middles- borough. Improvements in pneumatic tires. January 22. 1558. John Henry Ellis, 22, Southampton buildings. Chancery lane, London. Improvements in pneumatic tires. January 23. 1584. Christian Hamilton Gray, in, Hatton garden, London. Im- provements in rollers or covering rings of India-rubber and similar materials. January 23. 1586. Thomas Smith, 38, Chancery lane, London. Improved non- slipping device for horseshoes. January 23. l8o8. John Shaw Greer and James Hazel Adamson, Fairfield, Kings- ton-on-Thames. Improvements in emery wheels and the like. January 26. 1924. Charles Denton Abel, Birkbeck Bank chambers, Southampton buildings. Chancery lane, London. Improvement in calendering rollers. [Firm of Johann Kleinewefers Sohne Maschinen-fabrilc, Germany.] January 28. 1925. Same. Improvements in calendering machines. January 28. 1928. William Gordon Potter, 27, Chancery lane, London. Improve- ments in the manufacture of tubes. January 28. 212 THE INDIA RUBBER M^ORLD [April i, 1901. 1940. Vincent Joseph Bullen. 26, Osborne road, Tuebrook, Liverpool. The " Universal" household exerciser. January 29. 2067. John Harrington Haywood, iii, Hatton garden, London. Im- provements in the manufacture of surgical elastic hosiery. Jan. 30. 2155. William Frederick Williams, 53, Chancery lane, London. Im- provement in elastic tires or tire covers. January 31. 2164, George Frederick Noel Taylor, 56, Ludgate hill, London. Im- provements in syringes. January 31. 2196. Michael Bartholomew Ryan, 12, Salomongasse, Cologne. Im- provements in exercising apparatus. January 31. 2320. William Hanchett, 4. St. Ann's square, Manchester. Improve- ments in covering cables, wires, and conductors for electrical pur- poses with India-rubber or other insulating material and in ma- chinery therefor. February 4. 2370. William John Robinson and Henry Higgins, ill, Hatton garden, London. Improvements in grinding mills. February 4. *455- William Frederick Ellis and Edwin Curtis Davis, 321, High Holborn. London. Improvements in elastic tired wheels and in elastic tires. February 5. 2671. Charles Marshall Powell, 35, Temple row, Birmingham. Im- provements in pneumatic tires and in metallic wheel rims. Feb- ruary 7. 2679. Abraham Kronstein. Southampton buildings, Chancery lane, London. Process of rendering materials proof against the action of moisture and of chemical agents. February 7. 2794. George Boyd Thornton, 23, Donegall place, Belfast. Improve- ment in the form of a rubber brush or squeegee. February 9. 2821. Alphonso Anthony Verel, 121, West George street, Glasgow. Improvements in elastic and pneumatic wheels. February 9. 2972. George Percival Gibson, 39, Stratford street, Leeds. Puncture locator for tires. February 12. 2990. Frank James Beecroft, 4, Clayton square, Liverpool. Improve- ments in pneumatic tires. February 12. 3068. Percy William Henri Gray, 10, Barclay road. Walham Green, London. Improved composition for golf balls. February 13. 3096. Reuben Long, Soham, Cambridgeshire. Spring tire. Feb- ruary 13. 3163. William Oliver Chisholm, 100, Wellington street, Glasgow. Improvements in waterproof collars, cuffs, and the like. February 14. 3333. Johannes Pieper, 18, Buckingham street, Strand, London. Im- proved method of rendering airtight pneumatic tires, cushions, and the like. February 15. 3334. William Henry Osborne, 174, Friar street, Reading. Improve- ments in leggings. February 15. 3404. John Frazer, 78, Fleet street, London. Improvements in pneu- matic tires. February 16. 3429. William Garnett, Portchester, Hants. Improvement in ducts of stoneware, clay, concrete or other plastic material for carrying electric or othei cables. February 18. 3464. Frederick Swarbrick, New Maiden, Surrey. Pneumatic tube and valve leak detector. February 18. 3482. Charles Thomas Kingzett, 24, Southampton buildings, Chancery lane, London. Improvements in the manufacture of golf balls. February 18. 3503. fWilliam Lloyd Wise, 46, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London. Im- provements in syringes. [Walter H. Pumphrey, United States.] February 18. 3602. Horatio Sheaf and Herbert Allard Stonard, 5, Hatton garden, London. Improvements relating to the adjustment of tires for ve- hicles. February ig. 3734. Thomas Gare, 4, Corporation street, Manchester. Improve- ments in tires. February 21. 3793. Hartwell, William Webb, it. Queen Victoria street, London. Improved compound or material for insulating electrical wires. Februar) 21. 3794. Hartwell, William Webb, 11, Queen Victoria street, London. Improved die or mandrel and mounting therefor, for facilitating the uniform coating of electrical wires with insulating material. February 21. 3800. Edward Robertson Fletcher, Levenhall, Musselburgh, N. E. Tire for cycle or other wheels. February 22. 3802. Edward Henry Seddon, 57, Barton arcade, Manchester. Im- provements in pneumatic tires. February 22. 3824. Richard Ames, 82, Mark lane, London. Improvements in ap- paratus for making pipes or tubes furnished with internal partitions from clay and other plastic materials. P'ebruary 22. 3847. Karl Strauss, 45, Southampton buildings. Chancery lane, Lon- don, Improvements relating to gymnastic apparatus. February 22. 3855. Isidor Frankenburg, Limited, and Isaac Kingsfeld, 6, Bank street, Manchester. Improvements in waterproof garments. Feb- ruary 22. 3893. George Franklin Butterfield, 45, Southampton buildings, Chan- cery lane, London. Improvements in m.ichines for applying rub- ber soles to the bottoms of boots and shoes. February 23. Patents Granted. — Applications of 1899. 19,788. Pneumatic tire. Standing, H. F., Leeds, Yorkshire. Oc- tober 3, 1900. 19.835. t Non-slipping tread surfaces for wheels, stairs, etc. Haigh, H. B., No. 265 McDonough street, Brooklyn, New York. October 3, 1900. 19841. f Felt and rubber tire. Prescott, J. D., No. 27 Warren ave- nue. Boston ; Bacon, C. N., Winchester, and Griffith, A. W., No. 25 Dillingham avenue, Beachmont, Boston, Massachusetts. Oc- tober 3, 1900. 19,847. Pneumatic tire. Ancora, O. J. M., Milwaukee, Wisconsin. October 3, 1900. 19,862. Hot-water bags; syringes. Hall, E. W., 170, Armagh street, Christchurch, New Zealand. October 3, 19C0. 20,031. Pneumatic tire. Ducasble, R.. 35, Rue Guersant, Paris. October 3, 1900. 20,099. f Hose reels. Powers. F. B., 19 Church street, Cbicopee Falls, Massachusetts. October 6, igoo. 20,115. t Grinding mill. Draver, E. R., and Draver, H. C, Win- chester, Indiana. October 6, igoo. 20,186. Method of attaching tire to rim. Grant, T.. Brighton, Sus- sex. October g, igoo. 20,322. Self inflating tire. Gasman, C, 50, Rue de la Gaite, Ander- lecht, near Brussels. October 10, igoo. 20,342. f Puncture proof tire. Imray, O., Southampton buildings, Loudon. [Haines, W. L., No. 801 Tremont buildings, Boston, Massachusetts.] October 10, igoo. 20,421. Puncture proof tire. Kobiolke, A., 10, Kampstrasse, Essen- onthe-Ruhr, Germany. October 11, igoo. 20,454. Valve for and method of inflating pneumatic tire. Gothert, B., Vahrenwalderstrasse, Hanover, Germany. October 12, igoo. 20,484. Pneumatic tire. Bothwell, D, H., Toledo, Ohio. October 12, Igoo. 20,508. f Molding tires, piston rings, and other ring shaped rubber articles. Collet, J. A., Brooklyn, New York. October 12, igoo. 20,548. f Cushion tire. Beasley, W. F., Plymouth, North Carolina. October 13, 1900. 20,565. Method of attaching pneumatic tires to rims. Jelley, J., and Jelley, H., Coventry, Warwickshire. October 13, 1900. 20,6lg. Puncture patching material. Raper, E. B., iq, Low Ouse- gate, York. October 14, igoo. 20,653. Rubber horseshoes. Tuchler. E- 56, Standgasse, Vienna, and Herz, L. R. von, 18, Auhoffstrasse, Vienna. October 14, igoo. 20,667. Waterproofing and grease-proofing paper, etc. Staples, E. C, Alexander road, Leeds, Greenwood, F., Brearley. W., both of Francis street. Halifax, and Woodhead, D., Raven street, Halifax, Yorkshire. October 16, igoo. 20,766. f Grinding, crushing, etc. Mills, C. K., 23, Southampton buildings, London. [British Aero-pulverizer Co., Jersey City, New Jersey.] October 17, igoo. 20,775. t Baby comforters. Meinecke, C. W., Jersey City, New Jer- sey. October 17, 1900. 20,864. Pneumatic tire. Vinten, H. B., Elm side, Ramsgate, Kent. October 18, igoo. 20,881. f Pneumatic tire an-l method of attachinj:. Meyer, G., No. 870 Lexington avenue, New York. October 18, igoo. 20,934. India rubber substitutes. Cordner, W. J., 17, Shaftesbury avenue, London. October ig, 1900. 20,951-20.952. Pneumatic tires. Dessau, M. M., Tooting, Surrey, and Wapshare Tube ('ompany, 3, Cross lane, London. October 19, igoo. 20,953. Wire fastenings for tires such as in 20,952. Same. October 19, 1900. 20,984. Horseshoe pads. Buer, A., Nordstrasse, Hanover, Germany. October 20, igoo. 20,992. Piston packing. Cooper, J. F., and Cooper, J. W., Sheffield. October 20, igoo. 21,385. Non-puncturable pneumatic tires. Deane, T., 40, Tremlett Grove, Upper Holloway, London. October 26, 1900. 21,420. ■]• Pneumatic tire and method of attaching to rim. Munger, L. de F., New York. October 26, 1900. April i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 213 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN RUBBER TRADE. NEW RUBBER FACTORY IN OHIO. THE Mahoning Rubber Manufacturing Co., of Youngs- town, Ohio, was incorporated under Ohio laws Febru- ary 28, with $400,000 capital. At a meeting of the in- corporators on March 7 directors were elected as fol- lows : George Tod, John C. Wick, Henry K. Wick, W. Scott Bonnell, Charles H. Booth, A. E. Adams, and Harry W. Robin- son. The officers are: Henry K. Wick, president ; A.E.Adams, vice president; John Tod, secretary and treasurer; John S. McClurg, manager. The company was organized through the efforts of Mr. McClurg, the capital being subscribed readily by leading business men of Youngstown, of whom the directorate chosen are fairly representative. The amount of capital sub- scribed is, in fact, much larger than was asked for by Mr. Mc- Clurg. The decision to form a company was based upon the report of a committee of investigation of the rubber industry headed bv Robert McCurdy, president of the First National Bank of Youngstown. The manufacture is to embrace hose belting, packing, mats and matting; carriage and automobile tires; and a general line of mold work. The plant is to be wholly new, and ise xpected to be in operation by September i next. The motive power is to be electricity throughout, with a central power station. The calenders are to be equipped with direct current induction motors, while the mills, washers, and slow running machines will be fitted with alternating cur- rent motors. The main building, three stories,^2oo)<6o feet, will be of mill construction, brick and stone. The central power building will be of brick, and contain the boilers, engine, gen- erators, pumps, and feed water heaters. There is to be also an oil and cement house of brick, and a building to be used as a reclaiming house and for the manufacture of substitute. CANTON RUBBER CO. (CANTON, OHIO.) This company, which recently became a corporation under Ohio laws, with additional capital, amounting now to $35,000, has elected H. L. Miller, president ; E. Davis, vice president ; Joseph A. Reed, secretary ; and R. D. Bradley, treasurer. Bus- ness is reported on the increase and additional plant is to be installed. The company now occupy two commodious brick buildings, whereas two years ago their work was carried on in a small frame building which had been erected for a dwelling. ==The company have received orders lately from, and made shipments to, Australia and Japan, and their goods are becom- ing favorably known very generally. A NEW MECHANICAL GOODS CONCERN. The Combination Rubber and Belting Co. were incorporated March 7, under New Jersey laws, with $350,000 capital, to manu- facture rubber goods. The company have acquired the factory of the Combination Roll and Rubber Co., at Bloomfield, Essex county. New Jersey. The business of the new company will embrace the production of the well known brands of " In- distructene " belting, and hose, pump valves, rubber rolls of all kinds, together with molded goods, and a wide line of general mechanical goods. The factory at Bloomfield is well equipped for this class of work, having been in operation for many years, with a reputation for high grade goods. The factory will be in charge of Mr. Lyons, who for years was with the New York Belting and Packing Co., at Newtown (Conn.), and later with the New Jersey Car Spring and Rubber Co. The officers of the new company are Adolph Kern, president ; Joseph B. Bloom- ingdale, vice president; Henry Kern, secretary and treasurer; Julius Kahn, manager of sales. The Messrs. Kern are engaged largely in the metal refining trade, and particularly in the re- covery of tm from waste tin plate. Mr. Bloomingdale is one of the proprietors of the great Bloomingdale department store in New York ; and Mr. Kahn is widely known as a successful rubber goods salesman. The main ofiices of the company are at the factory. Permanent New York offices have not yet been established, but for the present their city address will be at No. 1 57 Cedar street. VOORHEES RUBBER MANUFACTURING CO. The plant of this company, at Jersey City, has been substan- tially enlarged of late by the erection of an additional four story brick building 52, -loo feet. The mechanical equipment also has been correspondingly increased, the additions consist- ing of several presses for mold work, a large belt press, new mixers, and so on. With a double shift of workmen, the fac- tory has been run lately for 23 hours a day. OKONITE CO., LIMITED (ENGLAND). This company was registered February 6, with a capital of ^120,000 (=$600,000), to acquire the undertaking and assets of the Okonite Co., Limited, which has existed as an English cor- poration some ten years, subject also to the old company's liabilities. The capital consists of 32,000 preference shares of £2 \os. and 16.000 ordinary shares of the same amount. The directors are F. C. Jones, H. Durant Cheever, W. L. Candee, I. H. Cheever, and W. F. Gaston. CONSOLIDATED RUBBER TIRE CO. As announced in our last issue, a special meeting of stock- holders of this company was called for February 28 — on which day the paper was being printed— to consider the question of recapitalization. On the date mentioned it was given out that an adjournment had been made to March 22, and at that time a further adjournment was made until April 12. CANADIAN RUBBER CO. OF MONTREAL. At the annual meeting on March 14 the yearly report was adopted and the old board of directors reelected : Andrew Allan (president); H. Montagu Allan (vice president); An- drew A. Allan, J. B. Learmont, W. H. Benyon, J. O. Gravol, C. F. Smith, H. Markland Molson, and John J. McGill. GOODYEAR TIRE AND RUBBER CO. Three stores have been opened by this company for the dis- tribution of their tires and other products in the northwestern states, as follows : Chicago — No. 86 Lake street, F. A. Hast- ings, manager; to cover Illinois, Iowa, western Indiana, and southern Wisconsin. Minneapolis — No. 21 South Second street. Plant Brothers, managers ; to cover Minnesota, the Dakotas, Montana, and northern Wisconsin. Detroit — No. 58 State street, George W. Strelinger, manager ; to cover Michigan. RUBBER GOODS MANUFACTURING CO. The directors at a meeting in New York, March i, declared a quarterly dividend (No. 8) of \li per cent, on the preferred shares, payable March 15, and a quarterly dividend (No. 4) of i per cent, on the common shares, payable April 15, to share- holders of record April 5. The amount to be disbursed is : Preferred. 1140,899.50 Common. $169,417.00 Total. 1310,316.00 214 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [Ai'Rii, I, 1 90 1. THE MONARCH RUBBER CO. (ST. LOUIS.) The factory of thiscompany is one thateastern rubber men are not likely to visit very often, because of its remoteness. At the same time, it is well worth a journey to St. Louis to have a look at the most southern of American rubber shoe factories. Strictly speaking, the plant is not in the city, but is some six miles out, the distance being easily covered, however, by means of a well equipped trolley road. The factory buildings are of brick, sub- stantially built, and sit- uated close to the rail- road, so that the ship- ping facilities are excel- lent. In addition to this, there is the feature of cheap coal, the price per ton being $1.30 at the factory. The plant is equipped with a 900 horse power Hamilton- Corliss engine, and two Heineboilersof 250 horse power each. The rubber machinery, which consists of the usual equipment of washers, mixers, warm- ers, calenders, etc., is of Birmingham make, and factory of the monarch rubber co. in addition there are heel presses, accumulators, dieing-out machines, and a variety of lesser mechanical appliances com- mon to all rubber shoe factories. This plant, however, is indi- vidual in many ways. For example, the largest friction clutch in use in any rubber factory (1600 horse power) is operated on the main shaft, with an arrangement so that the slight pressure on a wire running over any of the mixing mills serves to stop all the machinery instantly and incidentally shuts steam of! from the engine, effectually closing it down in a moment's time. Another original feature is the improved shoe rack at the making up tables, where each girl has her day's work displayed in front of her, and, by the system followed, the same lasts return for her indi- vidual use. By an ingenious yet simple post- office system, everything that comes from the cutting room is assembled in boxes for each worker, so that the product known as " waste stock " is practically eliminated. There are many other lesser innovations, every one of which is practical. Indeed, Secretary Hem- enover, who is both superintendent and as- sistant superintendent, has proved himself one of the ablest and most practical rubber shoe builders to-day in the field. This is not altogether surprising, as he had long experi- ence both among users of rubber goods and in the factory. It will be remembered that for years he was with the Goodyear Rubber Co. at Middletown, Connecticut, and that each year he went out on the road for forty-five days and in that time placed a year's product. The rest of the time he was in the factory, designing styles and learning every detail of the business— an experience that is showing most excellent results in the Monarch goods.= While one naturally would expect the product of this company to be marketed in the southwest, President H. E. Wagoner was heard from recently, making sales in New England. INSTEAD OF THE OLD TIME RUBBER AUCTIONS. The plan adopted last year by the United States Rubber Co. for selling all imperfect and out of date goods through a job- bing house, instead of by the former November auctions, has proved so satisfactory to the trade, that the contract with William F. Mayo & Co., Nos. 197-203 Congress street, Boston, for handling these goods has been renewed for another year. The various slioe jobbers' associations, particularly, are under. stood to have favored the new departure. Messrs. Mayo & Co. handle this class of goods exclusively, in- cluding the makes of all the factories controlled by the United States company, and issue cat- alogues at frequent in- tervals. TENNIS SHOE TRADE. The production of tennis, yachting, and gymnasium shoes is re- p or ted to have been larger this season than ever before. The ship- ment of these goods to the west and northwest is less dependent upon W. E. HEMENOVER began about March 20. Their sale weather conditions than that of rubber boots and shoes, though a backward cool spring has a tendency to retard orders. F. D. Balderston (Boston), special sales agent for the United States Rubber Co.'s tennis goods, has been busy in the western trade of late, with good results. A report from his office is to the efTect that the lasts for the current season have all been improved, and the demand for the goods is greater than in any previous year. " If there is one shoe more than another with which we have made the greatest success, it is the ' Vacation ' shoe." This has an extra heavy sole and is made in balmorals and oxfords. The " Vacation " is the latest addition to the United States Rub- ber Co.'s tennis catalogue, which otherwise has been the same for several seasons. The price list also is unchanged this spring. A NEW RUBBER BRUSH COMPANY. The Flexible Rubber Goods Co. was or- ganized at Winsted, Connecticut, on March 2, with $10,000 capital, to manufacture the hollow tooth rubber brushes patented by John G. Doughty, of that city. For eight or nine months past these brushes have been manufactured for the inventor at Naugatuck, but it is now planned to -install a small rub- ber plant, with a view later, perhaps, to begin the making of other rubber goods. The brushes referred to are made for bath, toilet, and massage pur- poses, besides which the "Military" horse brush is made. John G. Doughty is president of the new company, Joseph R. Sanford secretary and treasurer, and Henry Gay, director. TRENTON RUBBER MANUFACTURING CO. An office and warehouse have been opened in Chicago at No. 21 South Canal street. Mr. F. B. Mcllroy, who has han- dled this company's goods for a number of years with great success on the Pacific coast, will be the selling agent, taking April i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER W^ORLD 215 charge of both the Chicago and San Francisco business, and alternating between these two points. Mr. Mcllroy is well acquainted with the rubber trade of the entire West, and will no doubt be successful in his additional territory. NEW ENGLAND RUBBER CLUB. The annual meeting of the New England Rubber Club, which conies April 15, will be called by the executive commit- tee on that date and adjourned to May 3. the date of the spring dinner, which, by the way, promises to be a notable affair, brilliant speakers having been engaged and a most interesting program provided. AMERICAN CHICLE CO. Under the amendments to the internal revenue law adopted in the closing days of the last congress, the tax on chewing gum of 4 cents on $1 packages will cease on July i next. The immediate effect of this news was an advance in quotations of American Chicle shares, on the idea that the removal of the tax will result in a large saving to the company and a corre- sponding increase in the net earnings. = = The company was incorporated in New Jersey June 2, 1889. It is capitalized for $9.000,000 — in 30,000 6 per cent, cumulative preference shares and 60,000 common shares, all issued. There is no bonded debt. The constituent companies are The Adams «& Sons Co. (Brooklyn, N. Y.) ; Beenian Chemical Co. (Cleveland, Ohio) ; Kisme Gum Co. (Louisville, Ky.) ; J. P. Primley (Chicago) ; W. ). White (Cleveland, Ohio) ; Stephen T. Britton (Toronto, On- tario.)The company is reported to control 85 per cent, of the chewing gum production in the United States, and the annual output is given as $3,200,000. On this basis revenue stamps to the amount of $128,000 would be needed. Quarterly dividends on the preferred shares have been paid regularly since October, 1899, the sixth dividend of 1% per cent, having been paid in January last — a total of 9 per cent. During the same time divi- dends on common stock were paid amounting to 13 per cent. The manufacturers agreed not to offer stock until April i, 1901, but private sales have been made. The common sold first at 60 and the preferred at 85. Lately common has been quoted at 90 and preferred at 8i. = = Imports of Chicle gum into the United States during the seven months ending January 31 in each year have been : iSgg. 1900, 1901. Pounds i,25i,2gi 1,425.665 1,441,500 Value $190,096 $211,525 $334,517 Value per pound 15. 2 cents. 14.9 cents. 23.2 cents. These values per pound are, of course, the invoice values at the exporting points. In addition to charges, and importers' profits, must be considered the import duty of 10 cents per pound, so that recent quotations for Chicle in New York have been in the neighborhood of 40 cents. After the above had been put in type a dividend was declared of \% per cent, on the preferred and also of lyi per cent, on the common stock, payable April 1. The last preceding divi- dend on common had been 2^ per cent, and on account of the declme in the rate the quotations on common stock dropped to 78 bid, 83 asked. THE RUBBER SCRAP SITUATION. The market has been without any special feature during the month, prices being practically unchanged, though perhaps a trifle lower. Dealers who can afford to buy for storage have been adding to their holdings, regarding 7 to 7}i cents a low price, while some others have been selling in order to avoid becoming overstocked. The importation of scrap has declined very materially. The average at New York during a recent twelvemonths was 1.202,600 pounds ; for January the figures were 889,302 pounds and for February only 341,361 pounds. A prominent operator informs The India Rubber World that he is now selling in Germany 200 tons of foreign rubber scrap at about the price in New York for domestic scrap — a condi- tion which naturally discourages importation here, and lessens any hope that imported scrap will soon serve to still further reduce prices of domestic stock. MISHAWAKA WOOLEN MANUFACTURING CO. An additional building has been erected for the rubber de- partment, which was occupied by a portion of the force em- ployed in this department early in the past month— ^^The newspapers recently reported a fire in the Mishawaka factoiy, but Mr. E. A. Saunders informs The India Rubber World that the only damage done was by water, with which the sprinkler system in use promptly flooded the room where some benzine and cement were accidenily ignited with a match. UNITED STATES RUBBER CO. The following is a record of transactions in the shares of this company, on the New York Stock Exchange, during two months past : Common. P REFERRED DATES. Sales. High. Low. Sales. High Low. Weekending Feb. 2. 6,100 20% 19 1,070 62 60 Week ending Feb. g. 4,875 2tH ^9U 3.790 61 i9H Weekending Feb. 16. 3,010 2ll^ 20 2,510 61 60 Week ending Feb. 23. 4.6>5 20 iSH 950 boSyi 60 Weekending Mch. 2 11,000 22% 1834- 4.107 t2% SQM" Weekending Mch. 9 3,S65 19/2 18% 2,850 S9'A 58 Week ending Mch. 16 2,045 ^9'X 18;^ 1,065 5&}4 S7l^ Weekending Mch. 23 4,080 20},i 18^ 2,223 i9h 58 NEW INCORPORATIONS. New Era Automobile and Rubber Co., February 26, under Maine laws; capital, $1,000,000. William Halkyard, president ; W. G. Kendall, 'reasurer— both of Providence, Rhode Island. = The Tougas Machine Co. (Brockton, Massachusetts), un- der West Virginia laws; capital, $200,000. To manufacture a new machine for cutting rubber soles on a bevel, patented by the Tougas brothers. John B. Tougas, of Worcester, is presi- dent ; George S. Tougas, of the Brockton Die Co., vice presi- dent ; John C. Frederick, secretary ; Joseph O. Tougas, treas- urer. It is intended not to sell the machines, but to permit their use on a royalty basis. = Nonpareil Manufacturing Co., March i, under Maine laws, to deal in rubber and leather goods ; capital, $25,000. Presi- dent: Franklin G. Saylor, Franklin, Mass. Treasurer: Wal- ter Thurber, Providence, R. I. = The A. C. Gibson Co. (Buffalo, New York), February 21, under New York laws, to carry on the rubber stamp business formerly conductea by the late Alexander C. Gibson ; capital, S7650. Incorporators : Ada S. Gibson, C. C. Gibson, Edward D. Gibson. =The Consumers' Rubber Co. (Cleveland, Ohio), March 15, under Ohio laws, to conduct a general wholesale and retail business in rubber goods and mill supplies; capital, $25,000. Incorporators: S. R. Driffield, B. E. Frazier, Charles L. Schwartz, E. W. Briggs, W. W. Elliott. The business has been conducted hitherto as a partnership. = The Mahoning Rubber Manufacturing Co. (Youngstown, Ohio), February 28, under Ohio laws ; capital, $400,000. Incor- porators : Henry K. Wick, W. Scott Bonnell, H. Lincoln Row- land, John Tod, John S. McClurg. Further particulars appear in another column. =Combination Rubber and Belting Co., March 7, under New Jersey laws, to manufacture rubber goods ; capital, $350,000. 216 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [Aprii, I, 1 90 1. Incorporators: Samuel B. Beardsley, Joseph B. Bloomingdale, Henry Kern. Registered office in New Jersey: Bloomfield. New York office: No. 157 Cedar street. =Goodyear Hard Rubber Heel Co., March 3, under New Jersey laws, to manufacture rubber boot and shoe heels ; capi- tal. Si 00.000. Incorporators : Joseph VVichert, Emil Philipson, Anton C. Eggers, Adolph A. Eisell, Morris Hillquit. = The Vulcanized Rubber Co., March 8, under New Jersey laws, to manufacture and deal in rubber goods ; capital. $500,- 000. Incorporators : Meyer Dittenhoe/er, George Pellmger, Theodore E. Studley. = Straus Rubber and Tire Co., March 8, under New York laws; capital, $25,000. Directors: J. A. Straus, Ale.xander Straus, Annie Straus — all of New York city. = Morgan Rubber Co., March 14, under New Jersey laws, to make and deal in rubber goods ; capital, $200,000. Incorpora- tors: Hubert W. Morgan, Hugh S. Townsend, Warren Dixon. Registered office in New Jersey : No. 259 Washington street, Jersey City. TRADE NEWS NOTES. The Cable Rubber Co. (Jamaica Plain, Mass.) have put in a new and complete steam plant, together with a new Slater engine. They have also added a calender and additional em- bossing machines. In spite of the new equipment, however, they are so crowded with orders that they are running nights. =The College Point factory of the American Hard Rubber Co. has been working overtime of late in most departments. It is reported that more combs are now being made there than at any time in the past. = The Pure Gum Specialty Co. (Barberton, Ohio) are put- ting on the market an exceedingly attractive red glove. It is seamless, of course, and beautifully finished, and catches the eye instantly. = " P. P. S." are letters that the Home Rubber Co. (Tren- ton, N. J.) are making almost household words, to use a mixed metaphor, and they refer to a new packing which is making remarkable records for itself and is known as " Perfect Steam Packing." = Nubian packing (The Voorhees Rubber Manufacturing Co.) is making a splendid record on the Great Lakes, where it is used under a working pressure of 250 pounds strain, and under such pressure does not harden, but remains pliable and practically indestructible. So say C. E. Squires & Co., the en- gineering and contracting house of Cleveland, Ohio. = William Lapworth & Sons, of Milford, Massachusetts, manufacturers of elastic webbing, are reported to have in- creased the capacity of their mill by the addition of six new looms. =The Boston Woven Hose and Rubber Co.'s Chicago branch, in view of their removal to new and larger quarters, have issued a series of " Special Sales Sheets," relating to cer- tain brands of mechanical goods, which they wish to dispose of promptly, for cash, rather than remove them to the new warerooms. =Joseph W. Elberson, of Setauket, Long Island, informs The India Ritbber World that no basis in fact exists for the report recently current that the plant at one time devoted to the manufacture of rubber footwear at Setauket, is to be run again this season in the production of the same line of goods. =The war department during the past month awarded con- tracts for 150,000 rubber ponchos, large size, one half the num- ber with grommets and the others with glove fasteners. Pro- posals were invited at Philadelphia, Boston, Chicago, and San Francisco. Further proposals were invited up to March 25 for 80,000 ponchos. = A grain elevator now being planned for the New York Central railroad, at Weehawken, New Jersey, will have a ca- pacity of 2,000,000 bushels, and will require an important amount of rubber belting. The contractors are George M. Moulton & Co., of Chicago. = H. Herman, son of the founder of the Brockton Rubber Scrap Co. (Brockton, Mass.), will hereafter visit the rubber trade along the Atlantic coast, securing orders for cement balls and other specialties which the company handle. = There has been some very seasonable weather — for the rubber shoe trade — during the past month, particularly in the northwest. As late as March 20 a snowstorm raged over Wis- consin. Minnesota, the Dakotas, and portions of Michigan and Nebraska, which doubtless had its effect in helping the sale of rubbers. =The agency for the Hood Rubber Co.'s goods in Chicago has been taken by The Duck Brand Co., No. 252 Franklin street. = F. W. Whitcher & Co., the Boston shoe manufacturers' goods firm whose " Velvet " rubber heels have become so well known, have removed from No. 4 High street, after twenty- one years' occupancy of that store, to larger quarters at No. 14 Albany street. = A. Kern & Co. (No. 157 Cedar street. New York), the American representatives of the Frankfort Asbestos Works, Limited — formerly Louis Wertheim, Frankfort o/M., report that the demand for asbestos goods increases steadily. ^Early on the morning of March 15 fire broke out in the upper part of the building, Nos. 70-72 Reade street. New York, the lower floors and basement of which were occupied by William Morse & Co., rubber shoe jobbers. Their stock and storerooms were considerably damaged by water. Messrs. Morse & Co. have established themselves temporarily at No. 64 Reade street, but expect to be able to occupy their old location again by May i. = The Atlas Foundry and Machine Co. (Belleville, N. J.) is a concern that has lately equipped itself for the manufacture of all types of rubber machinery. The company has among its active men those who are fully acquainted with the needs of the rubber trade and who have already been machinery builders. = That Akron is a most important rubber center has been newly emphasized by George A. Alden & Co. (Boston) and the New York Commercial Co., who have sent their Mr. W. L. Chipmsn to the city named as resident agent. Mr. Chip- man is an active and popular man of twenty-six years, who made an excellent record in crude rubber among New England manufacturers. = The V'oorhees Rubber Manufacturing Co. (Jersey City, New Jersey) are advertising their Nubian packing very attractively, one indication of which may be seen by reference to their an- nouncement in the advertising pages of The India Rubber World this month. = The Gutta Percha and Rubber Manufacturing Co. of Toronto, Limited, have acquired the rights for Canada to manufacture the " Berry " rubber heel, which for some time past has been on the market in the United Siates. =Charles Bond, general mill furnisher. No. 520 Arch street, Philadelphia, has completed extensive alterations to his store, making it 200 feet in length, with basement of the same di- mensions, besides a four story addition in the rear. Mr. Bond carries one of the largest stocks of shafting, hanging, and belt- ing in Philadelphia. =The Joseph Banigan Rubber Co. will have an exhibit of their rubber footwear at the Pan American Exhibition under the supervision of E. R. Rice, their representative at Buffalo. April i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 217 =:During March the Philadelphia store of John Wanamaker celebrated its "silver " or twenty- fifth anniversary. One fea- ture was an exhibition of various manufacturinfj processes, covering lines of goods largely handled in that store. Andrew McGowin, head of the shoe department, had a rubber shoe making exhibit set up, with the cooperation of George Watkin- son & Co., who sent a dozen operatives to the store, where "Thistle" rubber boots, shoes, and arctics were made for several days, Watkinson wagons being employed to convey the goods to the rubber factory, to be varnished and vulcanized- There was also an exhibit of rubber, crude and in the various stages of preparation for shoe making. =iThe Byfield Rubber Co. (Providence, R. I.) have estab- lished agencies in London and in Melbourne. Australia. = The annual meeting of the Gutta Percha and Rubber Manufacturing Co. will be held at the company's ofhces, in New York, on April 3, at 12 o'clock, noon. = The Durham Rubber Co., Limited, have removed their offices from No. 60 Yonge street, Toronto, to their factory at Durham, in order that the work of receiving and filling orders may be brought nearer together. PERSONAL MENTION. In regard to the accident sustained by Mr. J. H. Seiberling, president of The Indiana Rubber and Insulated Wire Co., men- tioned in the last India Rubber World, his con.pany write : " The only injury Mr. Seiberling received was a broken leg, and as the bone is knitting as rapidly as can be expected in one of his age, we think he will be able to attend to business again in several weeks." = Mr. Walter S. Ballou, president of the Joseph Banigan Rubber Co. (Providence, R. I.), accompanied by Mrs. Ballou, has been, for several weeks, traveling in the west, going as far as California. = Mr. S. H. C. Minei, president of the Granby Rubber Co. (Granby, Quebec) recently spent a week in Boston. = Mr. Robert D. Evans, the picture of health and content, plans to spend the coming summer in Europe. = Mr. Ralph Frankenburg. son of Isidor Frankenburg (Sal- ford, England), the largest manufacturer of mackintoshes in Europe, was a recent caller at the oflSces of The India Rub- ber World. =Mr. H. C. Norton, of the Pacific Coast Rubber Co., is in the East on a brief visit. He is so delighted with San Fran- cisco that he denies that he has been homesick for a moment. =Mention was made in the last India Rubber World of a visit to New York of Seiior Enrique C. Creel, a prominent banker of Mexico, and particularly of a dinner given in his honor by Charles R. Flint. Later the news came from Mexico city that the return of Seiior Creel to his home had been fol- lowed by the visit of an agent of Mr. Flint to Mexico to co- operate with leading capitalists there in combining the leading factories in the cotton manufacturing, cigar, and some other industries. =The will of the late William Bernard Banigan, of Provi- dence, Rhode Island, whose death was reported in the last India Rubber World, dated July 31, 1899. gives to his wife and to his daughter each one half of his estate. The widow is named as sole executrix of the estate, with no inventory or ac- count to be filed. =Mr. Herman Barnes, son of Mr. George Barnes of the Whitman & Barnes Manufacturing Co. (Akron, Ohio), has built a beautiful model of the Maine from plans obtained from the navy department, the working scale being ]i inch to the foot =A 'letter to The India Rubber World from Memphis, Tennessee, mentions The Business Men's Club of that city as " one of the liveliest organizations in the South." It was through their suggestion recently that an invitation was ex- tended to President McKinley to visit Memphis in May next, during the Confederate Veterans' reunion. A committee of Memphis business men went to Washington to deliver the in- vitation, in a private car provided by the Southern Railway Co. While Mr. McKinley could not accept, he promised to visit Memphis later. The committee included Mr. H. N. Towner, secretary of The Business Men's Club, and head of the rubber house of Towner & Co., and also Mr. H. J. Fosdick, president of the club. = The New York Times prints a statement by Niels Gron, a native of Denmark, who visited the United States in 1897 to arrange for the sale of the Danish West Indies to this country. He says that he interested with himself H. H. Rogers, of the Standard Oil Co., and Charles R. Flint, as a committee to deal with the government, on the understanding that the committee were to receive 10 per cent, of the price paid, which price was expected to be $5,000,000. He says that when the sale was almost consummated war broke out with Spain, when Den- mark dropped the matter, fearing that the cession to the United States at that time of the harbor of St. Thomas, which was near Cuba, would be regarded by Spain as an unfriendly act. = Mr. William Howard, a stockholder and Director of the Lycoming Rubber Co. (Williamsburg, Pennsylvania) and one of the organizers of the company, died March 5 at Emporia, Florida, where he had gone in the hope of restoring his health, after an extended illness at home. =:Mr. Harry Herman, son of Mr. M. J. Herman, of the Brockton Rubber Scrap Co. (Brockton, Mass.) and Miss Fannie, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. L. Brams, of Lowell, Mass., were married on March 20, at the home of the bride's parents. =Mr. and Mrs. Elisha S. Converse spent the winter in Florida and will stop for awhile at Lakewood, New Jersey, be- fore returning to their home in Boston. = William J. Bowes, manager of the Lawrence Felting Co., at Millville, Massachusetts, died at his home there on March 18. He was born in Ireland November 20, 1842, but came to America at an early age and was educated at Lawrence, Mass., where he became employed in the textile industry. He be- came superintendent of the Lawrence Felting Mill, and even- tually part owner. In 1877 the factory was removed to Mill- ville and 1893 was purchased by the United States Rubber Co., Mr. Bowes remaining in charge all the while. He was a close friend of the late Joseph Banigan, and was a director of the Woonsocket Rubber Co. for fourteen years. He was the most prominent resident of Millville. In i868 Mr. Bowes married Miss Kavanaugh, at Auburn, New York, who survives him, with four sons and a daughter. = Application has been made to the Connecticut legislature for a charter for an industrial and educational institute at Tol- land, in that state, which Mr. Ratcliffe Hicks, president of the Canfield Rubber Co., purposes to endow liberally. NEW RUBBER SHOE CATALOGUES. The illustrated catalogues of the various companies compris- ing the United States Rubber Co., dated April i, 1901, and now ready for distribution, are even handsomer than usual outwardly, and embrace the customary details regarding the companies' products. The " Woonsocket," " American," and " Meyer and Jersey " catalogues have been received so far by The India Rubber World, and Mr. John P. Lyons, adver- tising manager of the United States Rubber Co., is to be com- plimented not only upon having given each a distinctive ap- pearance, but in making each so unlike its predecessor.^^The Gutta Percha and Rubber Manufacturing Co. of "Toronto, Lini' 218 THE INDIA RUBBER ^VORLD [April 1901 , ited, advise The India Rubber World that, on account of commencing the new season in rubber footwear with the same list prices as used last year, they and some other companies in Canada, do not mtend issuing illustrated catalogues at this time. RUBBER BOOT AND SHOE PRICES. There has been no development in the trade of late to point definitely to the course to be pursued by manufacturers in regard to prices after this date. It was regarded as probable that even the United States Rubber Co. had not agreed upon prices prior to the directors' meeting held in New York on March 28. Whatever decision was reached at that meeting is expected to be in the hands of the jobbers on the date of the publication of this paper. RUBBER SHOE FACTORIES CLOSED. The factories of the Boston Rubber Shoe Co. have been quite active ofl ate. About the middle of March a number of bootmakers who had been laid off for several weeks returned to work. Notices were posted toward the end of the month, how- ever, of a shutdown, which, it is understood, is to last two weeks. Most of the other factories will be closed for the same period. A two weeks shutdown began at the factory of the National India Rubber Co. (Bristol, R. I.) on March 31. The " Alice " and Millville factories of the Woonsocket Rubber Co. closed at the same time. President Colt saying that he thought the shutdown would not last over a week or so.==The Law- rence Felting factory (Millville, Mass.) has been closed for some time. A son of the late Manager Bowes, whose death is re- ported in this paper, has been placed temporarily in charge. == The factory of the Model Rubber Co. (Woonsocket, R. I.) is reported by the local newspapers to be closed indefinitely. CANADIAN RUBBER SHOE TRADE. At a meeting of the manufacturers in Montreal, it was deter- mined to extend the season, which began on March 25, to April 10, 1902, " from the desirability," according to the Canadian Shoe and Leather Journal "of having the season here com mence a little later than that of the United States." The dis- count to retailers is 25 per cent. ; for specified orders given prior to August i, and to be delivered prior to November i, special discount, 2^ per cent. Fall dating shall be from No- vember I ; cash discount, 6 per cent, prompt, 10 days, and 5 per cent, for 30 days. Interest allowed for prepayment, 7 per cent., and charged on past due accounts, 7 per cent, per annum. GOSHEN RUBBER CO. (GOSHEN, INDIANA.) An inventory and appraisement were filed in court on March 7, whereupon an order was issued continuing The Elkhart County Loan and Savings Association as receiver, and requir- ing a sale to be made of the property after twenty days' notice. It was understood that a reorganized company would bid in the stock and machinery with a view to reestablishing the business at once. FOSSIL FLOUR CO. The main office has been removed from No. 229 Pearl street to Bass River, Nova Scotia, in order to facilitate the shipment of " Fossil Flour" on orders, which of late have been coming in from the rubber trade on a liberal scale. The mining of this material cannot be carried on in winter, but it is proposed to begin work vigorously on April i, and to make shipments as rapidly as possible. Customers are reminded that slightly more time will be required for getting answers to their letters than while the office was in New York. RUBBER AT PARA AND MANAOS. The Consumers" Rubber Co. (Cleveland, Ohio), who are advertisers in our pages of " metallic flexible tubing," advise The India Rubber World that a new price list has been de- cided on, and they invite requests for the same. < « ' I 'HE government of Amazonas has decreed a law," says J- the Brazilian Review, published at Rio, "that is now being carried into effect, and must, like all artificial restraints on trade, prove highly prejudicial to the real interests of the state itself. Designed to injure Para by depriving that city of the great transit trade in rubber, it is likely to react on the rubber in- dustry itself and give rise to a still further fall in prices. The advantage of concentrating the export trade at one center, at Para, is evident, as competition was always certain to secure the best possible prices for producers. With two markets, the second at an enormous distance from the coast and with un- certain telegraphic communication with foreign markets, com- petition by buyers is certain to suffer. The decree we refer to obliges all rubber from the state of Amazonas to be landed at Manaos, packed in cases, and reshipped at a special wharf un- der government inspection." According to the South American Journal : " All steamers with rubber from the interior upriver of the state of Amazonas are obliged to unload their rubber in Manaos. The effect of this is that steamers owned in Para bringing cargoes of rub- ber, for example, from the Alto Puriis for Para are obliged to unload in Manaos, have the rubber weighed, the duty to the state paid there, the rubber sorted, and prepared and boxed in Mandos. Steamers thus lose ten, twelve, perhaps twenty or more days. The Amazonas Steam Navigation Co. refuses to take any cargo of rubber for Para from the state of Amazonas. All this is crippling business just at a time when things are bad, any way you can look at it." A report to The India Rubber World from Para states : " In consequence of the Manaos usurpation of the trade in Amazon rubber, business here for the time being is restricted to Islands kinds and transit rubber from the adjoining repub- lics, which latter the Manaos government has not dared to in- terfere with." Manaos remained at a disadvantage with respect to com- munication with the outside world, after Para became supplied with cable connections, and the laying of a cable up the Ama- zon, which was done a few years ago by the Amazon Tele- graph Co., Limited, an English corporation, was expected to do great things for Manaos, coupled with the fact that the latter city is nearer than Para to the center of the rubber pro- ducing district of to-day. The working of the cable has been so often interrupted, however, that is has been of little benefit to the trade, and its operation to dale has resulted in loss to the company. During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1900, the company's revenues were £li^,^^^^ 17s. \d., with expenses of ^39,996 15^. 5(/. At the sixth annual meeting, on February 6, the directors were authorized to issue additional debentures, not to exceed ^150,000, at 6 per cent, interest, to rank in all respects in priority to the existing issue of /2oo,ooo. A Para correspondent of the South American Journal (Lon- don), under date of March 9, wrote: "I have just been in- formed that the governor or government of Amazonas [at Manaos] is now in treaty with an American syndicate for a loan of $2,000,000, and in exchange for which he is going to concede a difference of 15 per cent, to the syndicate for all the rubber they ship, on the duties paid to the state of Amazonas. This will practically give a monopoly of the rubber business for the state of Amazonas to the American syndicate." The latter information has also been communicated officially to the government at Washington by the United States consul at Para — Mr. K. K. Kenneday— who, by the way, recently has been on leave of absence to this country. April i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 219 THE PICKETT VALVE IN TiRE REPAIRS. THE American Pneumatic Valve Co., the concern which has been for some time past so energetically pushing the Pickett All-Rubber Valve, have been making some very inter- esting demonstrations in regard to the use of this valve for re- pair work. Of course in repair work, as in the construction of new tires, the two strong factors in recommending this valve to the trade are its cheapness and its etiiciency. Used for re- pair work, this valve is inserted just as a repair plug would be. a small hole being first cut in the tire, through which the valve can be inserted. The yearly saving that would result from the use of this valve to tire manufacturers and to repair men can hardly be over estimated. Every year, the large tire concerns have thou- sands of new tires returned on account of defective valves. These tires up to this time have been merely a dead loss. There has been no use to which they could be put, excepting to be ground up for mats, and the like. The use of this new all-rub- ber valve allows every one of such tires to be saved. All that is necessary is to cut ofT the old-fashioned metal valve, patch up the hole (the patch, of course, being concealed by the rim will not show) and then the tire is ready for the insertion of the rubber valve, which, as before stated, is inserted just as though it were a plug, and with the same facility. It is then, of course, a new tire, and can be sold as such. It will be readily seen what a very great saving will result in this way to the tire manufacturer. So far as the repair trade goes, the same conditions apply This new rubber valve can be inserted just as though it were a plug, and with the same facility. This will enable repair men, when tires are given them out of which the old-fashioned metal valve has been torn, to replace this metal valve with a new rub- ber valve at probably the same price paid to them for their work, but at a very greatly reduced cost to the repair man him- self for the materials used in this work. It would hardly seem necessary any further to point out the great advantages of this new contrivance. When the tire trade and repair men can ob- tain at a greatly reduced cost, a valve which is a great improve- ment over other valves, and by combining this cheapness and greatly increased efficiency with their tires, get a result far surpassing the results obtained from any other, it would seem hardly necessary to say more to suggest the possibilities within reach of the trade. TALC FROM A NEW SOURCE. THERE has been incorporated lately in North Carolina a company for mining barytes and talc in that state, the supply being understood to be both extensive and of a superior grade. The new corporation is the Carolina Mineral Co., at the head of which is Mr. George E. Brightson, long identified in an important way with the drygoods trade in New York, and having offices now at No. 140 Maiden lane, this city. It is the purpose of the company to canvass the rubber trade for the sale of their products, which work will be in charge of Mr. M. F. Drudy. In preparing high grades of barytes and talc, naturally there is an accumulation of material which cannot be offered with the high grades and these, the company state, they are prepared to offer at very advantageous figures. The Santa Filomena Co., Limited, has been registered in London, with a capital of £12,000, to acquire India-rubber es- tates in Bolivia and elsewhere and carry on the business of collecting and dealing in crude rubber. EMPIRE AUTOMATIC TIME RECORDER. THE general recognition of the utility of automatic time recorders in factories and wherever a large number of workers are employed makes it unnecessary in these days to present any argument in favor of the use of such devices. The only question relates to the merits of any particular system or method of working of the recorder. In the production of the " Empire " recorder pains have been taken to make the ma- chine simple and easy in operation, and not only accurate, but capable of remaining so for a long period. The number of employes recording upon the " Empire " may be increased at any time by simply adding number checks as required, and in no way disturbing the existing system and at very little ex- pense. The record made by the " Empire" is plainly printed and easily tabulated. It is impossible for any employe to tam- per with it. Already it is in successful use in many factories, and rubber manufacturers are invited to write to the propri- etors for details concerning its advantages. [The Empire Time Recorder Co., Cleveland, Ohio.] SOME WANTS OF THE RUBBER TRADE. [160] T^ROM a rubber manufacturer : " We are on the look- J^ out for a machine to cut fruitjar rings. Can you supply the names of any manufacturers of such machines ? " [101] From an insulated wire factory : " Will you kindly advise me the approximate quantity of barytes that is used in the manufacture of rubber goods ? " [162] " Can you advise us who makes a rubber grip for use on racing oars ? " [163] " We want to learn the name of some manufacturer of waterproof sleeve protectors." [164] "Will you kindly advise us where we can secure a woven wire spring, similar to those used in the manufacture of pessaries ? " ANSWERS. [158] Theodore Hofeller & Co., Buffalo. New York, import German rubber shoe and other scrap. 220 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [April i, 1901. THE RUBBER PLANTING COMPANIES. TH E Isthmus Rubber Co. of Ubero, was incorporated March 10, under Delaware laws, with $3,500,000 capital, author- ized to establish a rubber plantation near Ubero, state of Oax- aca, Mexico, which is on the isthmus of Tehuantepec. This is another outgrowth of the work done by William D. Owen in connection with planting in Mexico, there being already two "Ubero" companies at work, with headquarters respect- ively in Indianapolis and Boston. The headquarters of this new company are at No. 29 Broadway, New York. The officers are: Robert W. Parsons, president; Edgar B. Bronson, vice president; William D. Owen, general manager; W. I. Over- street, secretary and treasurer. Mr. Parsons is identified with a large hardware manufacturing concern in New York, after having long been engaged in the coastwise shipping trade, and having lived in Mexico. The company own the land needed for the plantation, and nurseries have been formed already for starting it. The plan is to offer shares, payable in instalments, with the Continental Trust Co. (New York) as trustee. The new company will have the benefit of the experience, for several years past, gained on the other plantations with which Mr. Owen is identified, including the services of F. L. Torres, who has been connected with the rubber planting interests in Mex- ico practically from its inception. THE OAXACA ASSOCIATION. [Plantation ; Buena Vista, canton of Acayucan, stale ol \'era Cruz, Mexico. Office : Royal Insurance building, Chicago, Illinois ] A LETTER to The India Rubber World states: "While we now have upwards of 500,000 rubber trees, ranging from young trees to ^'/i years of age, the best showing on the isth- mus [of Tehuantepec] is undoubtedly made by one of our neighbors, B. Griffin, who has fully 30,000 rubber trees with his coffee, of y/i and 4)^ years of age, closely followed by J. C. Harvey, another neighboring planter, who has occasion- ally written you articles on the subject." Rubber is planted 800 to the acre, with the idea of thinning out, by excessive tapping of some trees, when old enough to become over- crowded. The company's Bulletin No. 54 states that the last share of treasury stock— the capital is $500,000— was placed in January. Harvesting of sugar, tobacco, coffee, ginger, and corn had begun, and first shipment of coffee was expected soon at Chicago. The company favor rubber shade for coffee. Cul- tivated trees are reported to be shorter but of larger diameter than wild trees of the same age, and to yield more rubber H. E. Caster is president, W. H. Kent treasurer, George R. Kent secretary, and A. B. Coate general superintendent— the latter on the plantation. CHIAPAS RUBBER PLANTATION AND INVESTMENT CO. [Plantation "San Luis," near Palenque, department of Palenque, state ol Chi- apas, Mexico. Office : Crocker building. San Francisco.] Mr Lucian Nicholl, a recent visitor to The India Rub- ber World offices, after having traveled in Chiapas, made the following statements regarding the work of this company : The company own a tract of 24,700 acres, watered Dy the river Michol, which empties into the Tujila, and that in turn into the Usumacinte, which enters the gulf near Frontera. The estate is divided into three "fincas" — named "San Luis," "San Francisco," and " Los Angeles " — the development of each of which has been begun. Up to January between 900 and 1000 acres had been cleared, except that trees of 8 or 10 inches diameter are allowed to stand. Planting was begun last year resulting in about 60,000 trees now standing. In January there were 50,000 or more nursery trees, to be transplanted this spring, when they would be a year old. Preparations are under way for creating more nursery stock, in order to provide for planting each season, as additional land is cleared. Trees are planted 16 feet apart, each way, the ground being cleaned for a space 5 feet square for each tree. It is estimated that one clearing of these spaces per year will be sufficient until the rub- ber trees have become large enough to dominate all other growths. NEW TRADE PUBLICATIONS. A HANDSOMER or more tasteful catalogue has not been issued at any time by a rubber manufacturing company than the 1901 "Catalogue of Original Styles in Rubber Boots and Shoes. Felt Boots, and German Socks, manufactured by George Watkinson & Co., Philadelphia." It is prefaced ap- propriately by the motto " Costly thy Catalogue as thy purse can buy: but not expressed in fancy : rich, not gaudy, for the Catalogue oft proclaims the manufacture." The illustrations of styles are numerous, well executed, and on a larger scale than in most catalogues of rubber footwear, besides which are given views of the factory as first built, four years ago, and of the present factory, with the successive enlargements, and several interior views. The catalogue is further embellished with several other attractive pictures, appropriate to the subject of the book. [7X"X9X"- 66 pages.] New York Belting and Packing Co., Limited, issue a new catalogue and price list of mechanical rubber goods of their production, the number and variety of which have in- creased steadily, since the company's origin in 1846, until the list is as large or larger than that of any factory in the country. The catalogue is illustrated from new plates, and includes much information of value to users of the various rubber goods de- scribed. The company make a specialty of elevator belting, and give a list of 97 large grain elevators which they have equipped with belting, besides they mention have sold belting for over 2000 elevators in the northwestern states. All the standard lines of mechanical goods stand out prominently, but the numberless little rubber " essentials " are also extensively represented. [5X"X7' • 112 pages.] Morgan & Wright (Chicago) after having attained so much prominence in the tire trade, have gradually introduced the manufacture of other lines in their well equipped factory, until their illustrated " Catalogue of Mechanical Rubber Goods "' [3/^" >< AH"- 175 pages] is about as complete as that of any of the older factories, with the exception of the items of belting and hose. Their 1901 " Trade Catalogue of Tires and Bicycle Sundries " [3X' X 4/^". 112 pages] is also very complete. The company send us also a dozen smaller pamphlets, each describ- ing a special article or line, some of which are included in the larger catalogues mentioned above. The Peerless Rubber Manufacturing Co. (New York) have issued their catalogue No. 32 of " Mechanical Rubber Goods," which is one of the most comprehensive publications of its kind in the trade. The Peerless company's products embrace many important special lines — of which their " Rainbow " pack- ing is an example — besides the general list of mechanical goods. The catalogue is tastefully printed in two colors and liberally illustrated with good cuts. [5K" X 8)4". 136 pages.] ALSO RECEIVED. The Philip Carey Manufacturing Co., Lockland, Ohio= [Handsome pocket memoranduin book, with valuable facts for reference and adver- tising] Asbestos Magnesia Steam Pipe and Boiler Coverings. April i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER ^VORLD 221 REVIEW OF THE CRUDE RUBBER MARKET. THERE has been apparently a better demand for Para grades during the latter part of the month of March, though without effect in strengthening prices. Instead, some grades are lower. It would seem that manufactur- ers, as a rule, are not liberally supplied ; also that it seems to be felt that probably bottom prices have been reached. Since the be- ginning of the cropyearthe world's consumption of Paras has been greater than in the last preceding corresponding period, while the arrivals at the initial markets for the year have de- clined. From the beginning of the season receipts have been be- hind the figures for last year, though a part of the deficit was made good during March. The visible supplies of Para for the world are smaller than last year, though stocks of Africans are larger. Speaking of the crude rubber market one of the best in- formed of the large manufacturers said recently : " We know pretty nearly the amount of rubber unsold. We also know of one or two instances of large stocks bought at high prices that are held for a rise, but a possible crop shortage, or the con- tinued holding of high priced purchases does not necessarily argue higher prices. Certain powers may get their heads to- gether and boost the price up and hold it up by main strength for a little while, but unless there is a greatly increased use it won't stay up. The law of supply and demand, and the amount in the store houses of the manufacturers — something that no one can accurately determine — are the potent factors in price fixmg." The news telegraphed to the newspapers from Woonsocket, Rhode Island, on March 4, that " the formation of the $30,000,- 000 International Crude Rubber Co. has been suspended," did not produce any sensation in the trade, since the suspen- sion was generally supposed to have taken place several weeks before.^-- G. Van den Kerckhove, of Antwerp, in a recent circular, took the ground that the proposed American crude rubber "trust" could have but little effect in the way of man- ipulating prices. If prices should be forced, for any specula- tive reason, too low for the gathering of rubber to remain profitable, the supplies would diminish ; if, on the other hand, they should be forced up beyond the ability of manufacturers to buy, consumption would receive a check. In either event the business of the importers would be interfered with. Hence, the Antwerp circular pointed out, no fear of the market being disturbed by any such combination as was proposed need be felt. A report is current that the machinery of the Victor Rub- ber Co. (Jersey City, N. J.) is for sale, and that the business, that of making what is known as " Liverpool pressed strip," is to be given up. This is not remarkable, as the feeling among those who prepare rubber of this kind for some time has been that there was little or no money in it. Indeed, the factories at Liverpool have been closed recently, and the work of pre- paring strips hereafter will be done at factories on the coast of west Africa. In regard to the financial situation, Albert B. Beers (broker in India-rubber, No. 58 William street. New York) advises us as follows : "During March the money market has continued in about the same condition as February, with a fair demand for paper, the best rubber names being taken at 4^^ per cent, and others not so well known 5 @ $% per cent., and occasionally as high as 6 per cent." Quotations in New York on March 29 were : @84 @86 @86 PARA. Islands, fine, new 83 Islands, fine, old 85 Upriver, fine, new 85 Upriver, fine, old 87 Islands, coarse, new.. .49 Islands, coarse, old. . . Upriver, coarse, new. .60 Upriver, coarse, old. . .62 Caucho(Peruvian)sheet 46 Caucho (Peruvian)strip none imported now. Caucho (Peruvian) ball 56 CENTRALS. Esmeralda, sausage... 54 Guayaquil, strip 46 Nicaragua, scrap ... .52 Mangabeira, sheet 45 EAST INDIAN. Assam 75 Borneo 36 Late Para cables quote : Per Kilo Islands, fine tiSSoo @50 @ ©63 @47 @57 @55 @47 @53 @46 @76 @46 AFRICAN. Tongues 44 @45 Sierra Leone 57 (1*58 Benguella 51 @52 Cameroon ball 44 ©45 Flake and lumps 34 ©35 Accra flake 18 ©ig Accra buttons 51 ©52 Accra strips @ Lagos buttons 51 (852 Lagos strips @ Liberian flake © Madagascar, pinky.. . . @ Madagascar, black .... @ GUTTA-PERCHA. Fine grade 1,75 Medium 1.45 Hard white 1.20 Lower sorts 65 Balata Per KMo Upriver, fine 6^250 Upriver, coarse 3$450 Islands, coarse 2$6oo Exchange il|§a'. NEW YORK RUBBER PRICES FOR FEBRUARY (NEW RUBBER.) 1901. Upriver, fine Ss^^cuj Upriver, coarse 63 @ Islands, fine 83 @ Islands, coarse 45}4@ 66 85 48 54 igoo. 1 .04Ca I .og 80 @ 86 l.03|^@[.o8 61 K@ 66 64 @ 68 1899. I . oo@ 1 . 04 86 @q2 gg (n^i.oi 6g @73 71 ©74 Cameta, coarse. 52 K® Statistics of Para Rubber (Metric Tons.) NEW YORK. Fineand Toial Total Total Medium, Coarse, iqoi. igoo. iSgg. Stocks, January 31 575 77= 652 656 350 Arrivals, February 6g2 3gi = 1083 gii 1373 Aggregating 1267 468 = 1735 Deliveries, February 628 412 = 1040 1567 913 1723 1315 Stocks, February 28. . . 63g 56 695 654 408 PARA. igoi. fgoo. 1899, Stocks, January 31 .. . 715 1440 loog Arrivals, February 2945 4000 4700 1 901. 1075 925 ENGLAND. 1900. 450 824 800 460 Aggregating 3660 5440 57og 2000 1274 1260 Deliveries, February.. 3100 3445 3484 g75 825 525 Stocks, Feb. 28.. 560 iggs 2225 1025 449 735 1901. 1900. 1899. World's supply, Feb. 28 (excluding Caucho).. 4277 5656 5545 Para receipts, July i to February 28 15,863 18,735 18,915 Afloat from Pari to United States, Feb. 28... 1070 834 1055 Afloat from Para to Europe, February 28 927 1705 11 20 Li'verpool. William Wright & Co. report [March i]: •■ F:ne Para.— The market has been dull on spot but very active for forward delivery, and a large business done at current rates. Prices have fluctuated somewhat, but close about the same as last month. Receipts in Para are again short, and there has been an active demand there all month, at prices considerably over those ruling here, both Europe and America buying largely. By some it is thought the small receipts mean only a delayed crop, by others a reduced crop ; which view is right time will 222 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD. [April i, 1901. show, but there seems to be every prospect, owing to financial crisis in Brazil, of the season's crop showing a large decline. In view of the strong buying for delivery and the demand which still exists at slightly undercurrent rates, we cannot help thinking prices are somehow near the bottom. Sales on spot close at y. yd. for Upriver and 3^. 7)^d. for Islands. For deliv- ery, closing quotations are 3^. 7}id. for April-May and y. 7}id. for May-June African. — The market has been dull throughout the month and prices have continued to decline. A tair business done in Niger paste and Lump rubbers.and about 60 tons Sierra Leones sold at easier rates. Liverpool Pressed rubber still continues much neglected." J. J. Fischer & Co., Limited, report Liverpool stocks : Nov. 30. Dec. 31. Jan. 31. Feb. 28. Para : Fine 67510115 612 tons 810 tons 797 tons Medium 89 " 54 " 93 " 'O? " Negroheads. . . . . 190 " 119 " 120 " 132 " African 802 " 770 " 853 " 779 " Peruvian 8q " 73 " 138 " 46 " Mangabeira 408 pkgs 430 pkgs 450 pkgs 43opkgs Pernambuco 76 " 150 " 94 " 43 " Ceara 1106 " 1489 " 1672 " 1817 •' Manitoba 88 " 152 " 146 " 3 " Assaree 252 " 404 " 404 " 451 " MoUendo 90 " 14 " — " 25 " London. Jackson & Till, under date of March i, report stocks: igoi. 1900. 1S99- C Para sorts tons — London 1 Borneo 1 79 I Assam and Rangoon 20 (^ Other sorts 646 Total 845 Liverpool Para. .1036 Other sorts 1 108 166 IIQ 22 18 337 341 525 478 448 944 739 567 1917 1848 1855 1784 1905 2109 Total, United Kingdom 2989 Total, February 1 3189 Total, January i 2901 Mangabeira. Rubber. The shipments from Sao Paulo. Brazil, were very small dur- ing the latter part of 1900. The firm of Schlodtmann & Arnold alone exported during July, last year, more than 15,000 kilograms, whereas the total shipments KILOS. ° August 5911 by all firms, during the remaining five September 6809 nionths of the year, were only as shown October 7023 J ■' November 3989 jn the margin. Some improvement was December 4933 . . shown in January, during which month The India Rubber World's correspondent wrote: "The best months for India-rubber from the states of Sao Paulo, Minas Geraes, ind Goyaz are just beginning." All the rubber above referred to has been shipped direct to Hamburg. A later report states that the shipments from Sao Paulo (all to Germany) during January amounted to 8476 kilos — of which 7684 by Otto Schlodtmann and 792 by A. Fiorita & Co. There are prospects of better shipments soon. SITUATION OPEN. 'Bordeaux. Arrivals of Caoutchouc January 15-February 15: Kilograms By ss. Kj7/<- i^f Pci-naml'iico — Conakry 6500 ; Soadan niggers 500 ; Soudan twists 400 ; Cassamance 1800 9,200 By ss. G^mfral Dodds — Soudan twists 6500 ; Soudan niggers 1200., 7,700 By ss. La Plata — Soudan twists 9000 ; Cassamance 2S00. ... 1 1,800 By ss. Cordiltiirts — Cassamance 3200 ; Soudan twists 6500 ; niggers 800 10, 500 Via Marseilles — Madagascar (Majunga) 2500 ; New Cale- donia 1 800 4 . 300 Via Havre — Colombian slab 1.200 WANT EI J — A large Mechanical Rubber Company about to install a Hard Rubber Department requires an e.spert ; tlioroiighly competent on the com- pounding, machinery and manufacturing of Sheet, Tubing. I'.lectrical Supplies, Battery Jars, etc. A good position is open to tlie right man. Address— stat- ing age, and details of experience ; also salary desired ; references if possible — Rex, care of Thk India Ruiidkr World. SITUATION WANTED. RUBBER SHOE TRADE — Young man of 23, desires position in whole- sale or jobbing house ; has had experience and is of good habits ; position in good house a consideration rather than salary. Address V. G., care of The India Rubber World. Total , 44.700 All arrivals have been disposed of at lower prices in conse- quence of the break in the market at Para. PRICES IN FRANCS PER KILOGRAM. Cassamance A Pand A.6.25@7. Sierra Leone twists: Do A M and B.3.70@5.I0 I (quality, white 62r@6.45 Do C and D. . .2.75@3.50 II and HI qualiiies..4 5oC« 5.25 Sierra Leone niggers: Grand Bassani, in cakes.5 50@5.7O I quality, red 6.45@7. Do mixed . .4. 50(0/4. fco Do white 6.4f;((|6.8o Do blocks. .4. 3C@4.6o II and III qualities.. 4. 25(184. 50 Madagascar- Majunga. .5. (0)5.25 Sierra Leone twists : Colombia slab 5.10(^5.25 I quality, colored . . .6.50(^6.75 New Caledonia 7-50(£(7.75 Stocks, February 15 (in kilograms): Cassamance 10,000; Soudan 3200; Java 3200; Madagascar 2000 — total 18,400. p. CHAUMEL. Arrivals to March 15 embraced : Kilos. Stocks Mar. 15. Soudan 26,212 12.500 Conakry 2,500 Cassamance (5 ponchons) 3.500 Madagascar 2,oco 2,500 Java .. 1,000 2,800 Grand Bassam 1 ,000 Tonkin 800 Colombia 1,200 Total *34,7I2 21,300 [*Excludinp Cassamance.] Prices have not materially changed. Soudan sorts are a trifle higher, while some others show a slight decline. p. CHAUMEL. Anbwerp. To THE Editor of The India Rubber World : At the in- scription sales of rubber on March 12 there were 288 tons of Congo sorts offered and 233 tons sold. The quantity sold was satisfactory, as well as the prices, which were, on an average, unchanged from the basis of the last sale in February. Of Lopori 2 tons were sold at 7.65 francs and 12 tons at 7.50 (brokers' estimation 7.50). Ten tons of Mongalla brought 6.65 francs and 32 tons 6.50 (estimation 6.50). Twenty-two tons Aruwimi sold at 5.95 (estimation 5.60); 5 tons Mongalla at 7 francs and 9 tons at 6.85 (estimation 6,75). Twenty-three tons red Congo thimbles sold at 3.25 francs (estimation 3.25). The next sale will take place about April 15. Actual stocks at this date 732 tons, of which 168 are now being delivered by the Leopoldvilh. C. schmid & CO. Antwerp, March 13, 1901. ARRIVALS AT ANTWERP. Feb. 18. — By the steamer AlbertviUe, from the Congo: Bunge & Co. (Domaine prive Etat du Congo)., .kilos 150,000 Bunge & Co. (Plantations Lacourt) 5,000 Societe Coloniale Anversoise (Beige du Haut Congo). 58,000 Evrard Havenith (Societe Andrea) 3,000 M. S. Cols (Produits Vegetaux du Kassai) 2,000 M. S. Cols (Societe Lube fu) 20,000 Ch. Dethier (Societe Belgika) 5,000 243,000 March 4. — By the steamer Leopoldvilh. from the Congo: Bunge & Co. (Domaine prive Etat du Congo), .kilos 168,000 Comptoir Commercial Congolais 15,000 Al'RIL I, I90I.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 223 Societe Coloniale Anversoise (Beige du Haul Congo). 27,000 L. & VV. Van de Velde (Comptoirs Congolais Velde). 5, 000 Cie. Commerciale des Colonies (Societe Kassaienne). 7,000 Ch. Oethier (Societe Belgika) 12.500 234,500 ANTWERP RUBBER STATISTICS FOR FEBRUARY. fBy the courtesy of Emile Grisar.] Details. 1901. iqoo. 1899. 1898. '897. Stocks, Jan. 31. Kilo' Arrivals, February. . Cong(, sorts Other sorts 648,631 459.632 431,425 28,207 1,108,263 327,163 781,100 542,098 884.156 712,413 171,743 1,426,254 807,454 618,800 1,360,036 1,143,409 216,627 298,511 226,031 202,646 23.385 91,704 233,597 207,612 25.985 325.301 94,549 120,453 84.958 75.52^ 9.432 Aggregating... Sales in February . . 524,542 274,231 205,411 19,668 Stocks, February 28. 250,311 511,864 458,058 53,806 524,893 230,752 320.934 287,958 32.976 184,645 185,743 Arrivals since Jan. i Congo sorts Other sorts 1,003,258 874,498 128,760 836,197 210,269 200,478 9,791 Sales since Jan. 1 . . 1,033,227 184,154 More Rubber from Angola. Exports from Benguella, Loando, Mossamedes, and Anibriz continue to increase. The quantity, in pounds, has been as follows, in the years mentioned : 18S8. 1S91. 1895 1896. 1898. jSgrj. 2,967,081 4,083,064 4,632,698 5,025,991 7,431.305 7,436,026 IMPORTS FROM PARA AT NEW YORK. [TAe J^t^urfs Indicate Weights in Pounds.'] March l. — By the steamer Cametense, from Manaos and Para : Importers. Fine. Medium. Coarse. Caucho. Total. Crude Rubber Co 233,900 75,600 70,900 17,300= 397,700 Reimers & Co 152,400 100,000 104,600 23,300= 380,300 New York Commercial Co 180, lOO 80,900 77,700 20,600= 359,300 Albert T. Morse & Co.. Otto G. Mayer & Co Boston Rubber Shoe Co.. Lawrence Johnson & Co.. Herbst Brothers William Wright & Co.... L. Hagenaers «nmore=Pernambuco: Lawrence Johnson & Co 8.600 Feb. 27.— By the y''iiiance=Colon: Roldan &VanSickel 6,700 CENTRALS— Continued. Hirzel,Feltman&Co 5,100 Flint, Eddy &O0 3,900 A.M. Capen Sons 3,500 G. Amsinck & Co 1.700 C)ru(le Rubber Co 1.600 Eggers & Heinleln 1,300 Dumarest&Co 1,000 S. Samper & Co 900 Lawrence .Johnson & Co 400 26.000 Feb. 28.— By the rtit(rj7uc= Liverpool: Reimers & Co 6,300 March 2.— By the Ortea6o= Mexico: E. Steiger&Co 4,6(10 .1. B. Kageman 1,600 6,000 March 2 —By the PairiciosHamburg : Llvesey & Co 4.600 M.\rch 4.— By the Profeu8=New Orleans: A. T. Morse & Co 5.000 Harburger & Stack 300 5.30O March 5.— By the VUy of Washinalon=Co\on -. Hlrzel. Feltman & Co 10.500 Flint, Eddy & Co 8.700 Roldan & Van SIckel 4,800 Isaac Bran lion & Bros 1,700 Kunhardt&Co 4,600 A. Santos* Co 2.800 O. N. Carrlngton 2,000 Dumarest&Co 1,700 (;. Amsinck & Co 1.400 K. Bothia 700 SUoaBussenlus 700 A.M. Capen Sons 600 Suzarte.t Whitney 800 .J, W. Wilson &Co 700 n. Maniuardt & Co .lOO W. R. Grace & Co 400 42,40S March 8.— By El i'Uar=New Orleans: A. T. Morse & Co 4,500 Eggers& Heinlein 300 ForEurope 1,700 6,500 Mar, 9.— By the Pe)msi/!uaniaRai(>-oad=Mexlco: Siloa. Bussenlus & Co 3.50O F. Probsts: Co 1,000 Thebaud Brothers 1.500 CENTRA LS— Continued. H. Marquardt & Co I.OOO 7,000 March 12.— By the Comus=New Orleans: A T. Morse & Co 4.0(/0 A. N. Rotholz. 1.000 5,000 March u — By the Holljetn^Pernambuco: Lawrence Johnson & Co T 500 Flint, Eddy* Co 3,000 Thomsen & Co 1,200 11,700 Marih 12.— By the .4Ue(jiha»t!/=Greytown: A. P. Strout 8.500 D. A. De Lima & Co 10,500 G. Amsinck & Co 2 000 A. 1), Straus & Co 600 Jimenez & Escobar , 500 Kunhardt&Co 209 For Bremen 300 22,600 March 14.— By El SHd=New Orleans : W. R. Grace & Co 1.000 W. Loalza&Co 700 Harburger & Stack 500 2,200 March 15.— By the ild»ance=Colon : Flint, Eddy&Co 8,700 A. P. Strout 2,200 Roldan & Van Sickel... 2,200 Eggers& Heinlein 1.900 13.000 March 16 —By the FMcatan=Mexico: Graham, Hinckley &C0 3.000 K Steiger&Co 1,600 Fred Prohst&Co 1.600 H. Marquardt & Co .600 L. Monjo, Jr..&Co 200 6.700 MAitcii 18— By the I/Oufoiana—New Orleans : W. R(Jrace&Co 8,600 Albert T. Morse & Co 2,000 10,600 MARCH IS. -By El CifG: Rates will be made known on application. Remittances: Should always be made by bank draft, Post Office Order' or Express Money orders on New York, payable to The India Kubbek Publishing Company. Remittances for foreign subscriptions should be sent by International Post order, payable as above. Discontinuances : Yearly orders for subscriptions and advertising are regarded as permanent, and after the first twelve months they will be discontinued only at the request of the subscriber or advertiser. Bills are rendered promptly at the beginning of each period, and thereby our patrons have due notice of continuance. Entered at New York Post Office as mail matter ot the second-class. TABLE OF CONTENTS. page. Editorial : New Tendencies In Rubber Shipments 225 Beginning at the Wrong End 226 Minor Editorials 227 Qualifications of Salesmen R.C.K. 228 The India-Rubber Trade in Great Britain Our Regular Correspondent. 229 • [ Antwerp vs. Liverpool as a Rubber Market. Rubber Manufacturers' Association. Rubber Recovery. Prooting Trade. Motor Tires. Company and Personal Notes.] European Rubber Notes 230 The Manufacture of Rubber Packings.— II... /oftn S.McChirg, M. S. 231 Heard and Seen in the Trade 233 [Hard Rubber Industry. Automobiles. Rubber Substitutes. Rubber Goods Catalogues ] Some Successful Men in the Rubber Trade. I— The Late Charles M.CIapp 235 1 With Portrait and Two Illustrations.] New Goods and Specialties in Rubber illlvxtrdled) 237 [*' lama " Combined Water Bottle and Syrinfie. The Geer Syrinpe. '* Standard " Non-CoIIapsible Nipple. O'SuUivan Rubber Golf Sole. Whip Socket Rubbers. Atomizers for Florists' Use. The New "School Gaiter." "Universal" Bicycle Attachment ] Some 'W. D. Allen Specialties (fiiu8(ro(ed) 239 Growth of the Diamond Rubber Co 240 [With View of Their Factory.] Exports of American Rubber Goods 240 A Practical Rubber Planter 241 [With Portrait of Frank I.. Torres ] Recent Rubber Patents [American and English] 241 Prices of Rubber Footwear 243 [With Diagrams.] Rubber Trade Notes from Chicago Our Regular Corresp ■ -r- • r .u i r ASSOCIATION Dunlop Tire company in respect of the sale of the basket pattern tire repairing strips. It is claimed by the Dunlop people that this non-slipping arrange- ment infringes Welch's patent (No. 9294 of 1894), though the impression in the trade generally seems to be that there is no •This confusion of ideas respecting India-rubber and Gutta-percha seems to be confined to no one country. In New York recently a rubber planting company, dealing in its advertisements with the great demand for rubber, to induce the public to buy its shares, stated that *' 30,000.000 pounds of rubber were used for gol/ 6aUs 3iad small wares during the past year." — Tub Editor. infringement at all ; hence the action taken by the association in the matter. It is understood that the position was thor- oughly discussed at a meeting of the association held on March 20 in Manchester, though, as readers of The India Rubber World are aware, strict secrecy is observed as to what tran- spires at these meetings. There seems to be somewhat of a disposition current among those who are ill-informed on the subject to class Dermatine among the various " ines," " ites," and " oids " DERMATINE CO., „hich. Under the grandiloquent title of " rub- LIMITED. ^ ' ■ .. . • ber substitutes, have in recent years put for- ward claims to general recognition. This point of view, how- ever, is not at all correct, and it is evident from the increasing favor with which Dermatine goods are being regarded that the material has come to stay. It is not, it may be mentioned, of great novelty, as it is now sixteen or seventeen years since the patent process of Mr. Zwingler first attracted attention. At first the manufacture from one cause or another does not seem to have proved a pecuniary success, and it was not until the advent of Mr. John Cooper, the present managing director, that the manufacture can be said to have made real progress, which progress must be put down to improvements in the pro- cess of manufacture as well as to business acumen. To judge by the price, which is conformable to the quality, it is pretty clear that those who pin their faith to cheapness will not be attracted, but it appears that hydraulic engineers and others who require a suitable substitute for leather, and who take into considera- tion wearing power, have stamped Dermatine with the seal of their approval. With regard to the manufacture, the company claim the sole rights and have on more than one occasion com- menced proceedings against infringers. As a final word on this subject, it seems advisable to say that what has appeared in print regarding the formula of the compound is not from an authoritative source, and any would-be imitators who relied im- plicitly on such information as a working guide are hardly likely to achieve good results. Although the lease of the works of this company at Tot- tenham has not yet run out, considerable progress has been made in the fitting up oi the new premises at Barking, where the whole business eventally will be carried on. Great difficulties were experienced as re- gards the renewing the lease of the premises, owing to the fact that the surrounding land was being more and more utilized for building purposes, and although a rubber works cannot be classed with many chenical works as arousing the ire of resi- dents of the better class, yet it cannot claim to rank with, say a Parma violet factory. The limited firm of Grimshaw Brothers (Manchester), with whom Mr. Rowley, of Amazon rubber fame, has been long as- sociated, has been dissolved and reformed with RUBBER fresh capital as a private concern, the business RECOVERY. . , , . , , , , carried on being much the same as before. —=• The Rubber Chemical Co. (Birmingham), whose formation was noticed in these colu<'ins about a year ago, are taking over a mill at Streatham common, London, the rubber substitute company who had fitted it up with machinery having recently gone into liquidation. ==It does not appear that the Dialene company, formed about a year ago to work one of Mr. Heyl- Dia private processes, have commenced operations. The WARNE &, CO. 230 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD. [May I, 1 90 1. material was to have been manufactured at the works of the Hyde Imperial Rubber Co. (Woodley), for which purpose a special building was erected. Dialene, it may be mentioned, is said to be a superior form of recovered rubber which has proved its advantages in a certain rubber works where it has been made and used. This company, one of the newest in Great Britain, has now been going for about a year, the works being situated at Dun- fermline, Scotland. Messrs. R. W. Stewart SCOTTISH CENTRAL gr Qq [he proprietors, have taken up the RUBBER CO. ,, ^ : J ,. . , • ,j rubber busmess as an addition to their old established bleaching business, the rubber works being a newly built addition to the bleaching premises. Waterproofing and footwear are the principal lines of manufacture, the lead of the Victoria and Waverley companies of Edinburgh thus being followed. It is probable, however, that the manufacture of mechanicals will also receive attention in the near future. One of the new London dailies recently, in a special article, advocated the utility of India-rubber as a means of deadening the vibration caused by the new electric rail- A BRILLIANT ^^ ij.^^ f^e West End to the city. The rub- SUQGESTION. , ' ^ , ... ij j .• 11 ber was to be partially as a solid and partially pneumatic, and to lie directly under the rail. It does not ap- pear, however, that the genius who evolved the idea troubled himself as to the probable cost of the scheme, and it is this point chiefly that has caused practical men to treat the matter as a chimera. Although the mill which this new company are fitting up is not yet completely equipped, manufacturing commenced last month to a small extent, a couple of NORTH CHESHIRE spreading machines having been got to RUBBER CO. ^ , ^ ^ ^ work. Mr. Eccles, late manager of the Castle Rubber Co. (War- rington), has been appointed manager of the rubber depart- ment of Reddaway & Co., Limited, the well-known CHANGES belting manufacturers, and has vacated his posi- tion on the board of the Rubber Manufacturers' Association.==Mr. Dawes, late of Capon Heaton & Co., is the new manager at the Hyde Imperial Rubber Co., where several alterations in the directorate and staff have recently been effected.^ --Mr. Bate, who has long been connected with the works, is now the manager at the Castle Rubber Co.==Mr. C. J. Margetson, formerly manager of the London branch of the Avon Rubber Co., is now at Messrs. Hopkinson's works at West Drayton. With the collapse of " Fenton's " and " Oxolin," further il- lustrations are afforded of the dubious character of such indus- trial enterprises as investments. Information RUBBER with regard to the present position of " Velvril " ^.'if^IlL'^J.f is difficult to obtain, and there is nothirg defi- COM PAN) co> nite to be recorded concerning the progress of this material. " Volenite Limited," having been wound up and reconstructed, is now making a fresh bid for popular favor in connection with a material into which Pontianak gum is said to enter largely. Things seem to be rather quiet in this department, and in some cases short time has been worked. With regard to the large profit made by Mandleburg & Co., it should PROOFING (jg remembered that the firm have done a large TRADE. ' trade in rain proof cloths, into which rubber does not enter, and it should also be remembered that for some years after its formation the company paid no dividend at all, and it is possible — though this is merely conjectural — that it may have been hoarding its resources. With regard to the ef- fect which the rain proof cloth business has had upon the gen- uine mackintosh trade, it seems to be the case that it has been quite insignificant. The people who have been most affected are the tailors and outfitters, as the waterproof firms now sup- ply direct overcoats at a considerable less cost than the tailors have been accustomed to do. It seems doubtful if many of the motor tires sold of late years in England have been really of British origin. These tires, the pneumatic ones, that is, cannot be sold in MOTOR Qreat Britain except under the Dunlop company's TIRES. '^ I- f J license, but there is nothing to prevent this company or its licensees from buying them cheaply on the continent and retailing them at their own figure over here. This, I am as- sured, has been the case, though now the Dunlop company are putting down the necessary vulcanizing molds, etc., at their works in Birmingham, in order to carry out this increasing trade entirely themselves. Whether they will succeed in gaining the confidence of the buyers is rather a matter tor conjecture, as it may be supposed that there are many details in connection with the celebrated Michelin tire, of France, which are not public property, and the acquisition of which may take considerable time and labor. Mr. David Moselev still remains in a very weak condition and is making but slow progress towards recovery. = = Mr. H. L. Terry has been elected a memberof the commit- PERSONAL. , , ., , . , , r~ ■ t tee of the Manchester section of the Society of Chemical Industry of which society Dr. Charles F. Chandler, of New York, was last year's president. EUROPEAN RUBBER NOTES. ACCORDING to the India-Rubber Journal, the London agent for the Russian-American India Rubber Co. (St. Petersburg) reports a steady increase of trade at his agency, "although the shapes for Russian use and the English market are very different. "=^By the way, Russian manufactures are to be shown on an extensive scale at the international exhibi- tion which is to be opened this month at Glasgow, and rubber goods are mentioned among the products which are to receive special attention. No doubt the Russian " galoches " will be displayed prominently there. It does not appear that the British rubber industry is to be represented at Glasgow to any important extent. =J. Mandclberg & Co., Limited (Pendleton, Manchester, England), mackintosh manufacturers, report a profit for the past business year of _£48,862 155. -^d. Dividends have been declared of 7 per cent, on the preference and 1 5 per cent, on the ordinary shares, after paying 5 per cent, interest on the deben- tures — a total disbursement of ^^25,082 15^. The reserve fund was increased by ^15,000. = Mr. Isidor Frankenburg, of the Greengate Rubber and Cable Works, Salford, Manchester, who had been a member of the Salford council since 1887, was recently elected to the posi- tion of alderman. = Dr. Carl Otto Weber, for many years past managing chem- ist for Isidor Frankenburg, Limited, of Manchester, was re- cently elected a director in that corporation. = The Vereinigte Gummiwaaren-Fabriken Harburg-Wien, in answer to an inquiry, inform The India Rubber World that they have not, as was reported, established a branch at Dresden- Radebeul for the manufacture of their pneumatic tires, but simply an agency for their sale. = The United Berlin-Frankfort India Rubber Co. have de- clared a dividend of 7 per cent, on the business done in 1900, thus restoring the dividend to the former rate, after having paid only 5 per cent, in 1899. May 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER 'JVORLD 231 THE MANUFACTURE OF RUBBER PACKINGS. By John S. McClurg, M. S. [ CONCLUDED FROM LAST MONTH. 1 ANOTHER grade of packing, commonly known as " pure gum," is that which has neither cloth insertion nor cloth applied to the outside. This usually has a much better quality of stock than any of those already de- scribed, as the rubber must give to the packing the strength and firmness which in other cases have been imparted by the sheeting. Here, also, more care should be exercised in the preparation of the batches. They should be well ground and mixed, and then permitted to dry and season before making up. When ready, a batch is taken to a mill and warmed up, pre- paratory to building up the packing on the calender. The writer has found that not enough importance is attached to this w«rming up process by most manufacturers. If it is done prop- erly and carefully, much of the difficulty in calender work can be overcome. When the calender is at the proper heat, begin to feed the compound into it and run out a thin layer of gum to the length required in the roll. The roll is now run through the calender again and another layer applied to it, and so on, until the desired thickness is obtained, care being taken, of course, while running, to prick all the air bubbles, thus permit- ting the plies to come closely together, and also preventing blisters in the curing. This layer process has a great advan- tage over the process of running the full thickness at one time, because it secures for the packing a more compact body and greatly reduces the possibility of defects in the finished product. The packing is now rolled up on a drum provided for the purpose and, after being well wrapped with several thicknesses of wet muslin cloth, it is consigned to the vulcanizer to be cured, or rather semi-cured, before taking it to the press to be plated, and the cure completed. This having been done, the roll is now taken to the hydraulic press where the process is the same as previously described, except that with pure gum pack- ing the edges of the sheet should be well blocked up. By blocking up is meant that two bars of iron the length of the press, and the same thickness as the packing, are placed against each edge of the packing one on each side in the press. This prevents the packing from spreading or becoming porous on the edges while subject to the heat and pressure. It is also a saving as it does away with much of the trimming at the finish. The next, or the highest and best grades of packing — those designed for resisting excessive heat — are, perhaps, the most important of all the different varieties now manufactured* These packings usually contain in their composition finely pul- verized asbestos or some other material not readily affected by heat. They are invariably subjected to high temperatures and very often for considerable lengths of time. It is important, therefore, that the composition should receive much attention as to the ingredients which enter into it. Unusual care should be exercised in milling and grinding the compound to insure the even distribution of the various ingredients through the entire body of the batch and to render it smooth and even. After this has been done the batches should be piled up in a dry place to season, dry, and harden. A couple of weeks is not too long and will be found very beneficial. When the batches have been sufficiently dried they are taken to a mill and warmed up as other packings, before sheeting it out on the calender, and the roll is ready to be started. The heat of the calender rolls is an important item in the manufac- ture of this packing, as much care must be exercised to prevent any extraordinary swelling or shrinkage of the stock. Here, too, the sheet is run off in layers as before described. As the finished sheet comes from the calender it is wrapped upon an iron drum, as are other pure gum packings, and then the out- side is well wrapped with several thicknesses of wet muslin cloth, and then consigned to the vulcanizer to be cured. After this has been done the packing may be taken to the hydraulic press and plated. With this packing the pressing process is discarded in many cases and the packing is completed with the removal from the vulcanizer. This leaves it with the impres- sion of the muslin lining upon its surfaces, instead of the smooth shiny surface imparted by the press. Experience long has taught that a long curing process at a low temperature is the best of this quality of packing, as indeed it is for any compound which contains a considerable propor- tion of crude rubber. A short cure at a high temperature is very liable to produce porousness and other defects, while the long cure insures a solid compact body, more pliable and per- fect. Pure gum square packing, which is so largely used, is made in much the same manner as the pure gum packing. The batches are prepared and afterwards warmed up for the calender in the same way, and are then sheeted out on the cal- ender in lengths ranging from 12 to 20 feet, or whatever length is desired in the finished coil. Here, also, these slabs are built up in thin layers one top of the other until the desired thick- ness is obtained. It is then sent to the vulcanizer to be cured, after which it is taken to the hydraulic press and plated as be- fore described. This being done, the slabs are laid aside to be cut up into square sections. These slabs are never less than % inch in thickness and range from that on up to 1 inch, and in some rare cases to \% inches. To cut these strips the slab is laid on a wide table where it is securely fastened to prevent motion while being cut. The cutter is usually in the shape of a plane provided with an adjustable knife which can be set at any length. With this instrument the slab is cut into strips corre- sponding in width to the thickness of the slabs. These strips are now coiled up and securely tied, which completes the process. This very nearly completes the list of rubber varieties ; the next kinds to be considered are the duck packings or those va- rieties composed largely of duck. Square duck packings pro- vide for the consumption of large quantities of otherwise waste pieces of frictioned duck which must naturally accumulate dur- ing the manufacture of rubber belting. These odds and ends of duck are cut into convenient sizes and filled into the center or body of the slab of packing. The duck used in making this kind is usually light weight belt duck — about 22 or 24 ounces. This duck is run over a series of hot iron rolls to eliminate all the moisture, after which it is taken to the friction calender to be coated on each side with rubber friction, which causes the layers of duck to vulcanize securely together in the curing process. The roll of duck is now taken to a room provided with a table 50 feet or more in length, on which the duck can be unrolled. The duck is stretched out on the table and cut into bias strips about 3>^ feet in length until the roll is cut up. These bias pieces are now laid end to end, lapping each over 232 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [May 1 90 1. the other about % inch, and rolling down with a hand roller to press them firmly together. This is continued until the de- sired length is obtained — usually 12 to 20 feet. Another ply is now built up in the same manner, while the scrap pieces are here filled in as well. If these pieces have be- come dried from age, a little quick curing cement applied to the surface will restore the friction and make it stick securely. When the slab has attained the desired thickness, apply to the outsides a layer of duck frictioned on one side only — the side placed next to the packing. This packing is usually made in slabs from >8 inch to i inch in thickness, though sometimes it is made even thicker. These slabs are then taken to the vulcanizer and cured, after which they are confined in the hydraulic press to bring the plies firmly and solidly together. The slabs are next placed on a table and cut into strips in the same manner as the pure gum pack- ing. Hydraulic packing, which sometimes is called linen packing, is made in exactly the same way as the square duck, but the duck and friction which enter into its composition are entirely different. The duck used here is very strong but light in weight, and to combine these two qualifications leather cloth is most universally used. The friction should be a hard curing compound, which will not burn while being subjected to the excessive heat necessary to produce this packing. After the strips of duck have been cut and the slab made up and vulcan- ized, it is cut into strips and coiled up as in the case of square duck. Now comes an extra process, whereby the packing is made to conform to any degree of hardness, even to flint hard. The coils are taken to a small hydraulic press, where they are subjected to a long curing process at a quite high temperature, until they obtain the degree of hardnessdesired, The reason for cuttmg this packing into strips before this last process is begun will be comprehended when it is explained that it would be almost impossible to cut it after becoming so intensely hardened. Next in order is rubber-back packing. This consists of the regular square duck packing with a strip of pure gum packing securely vulcanized on one side of the square section. To make this, stretch a slab of pure gum packing upon a table and with a brush cover the upper surface with several coats of quick cur- ing cement. When this cement becomes perfectly dry the strips of square duck packing are laid side by side on the cemented side of the rubber until the entire surface is covered. After it becomes well set take the slab to the press and confine it be- tween the plates until the cement is cured, after which it is cut into square strips, as with other square packings. Last of all comes the rubber core packing. This is not so generally used, yet it is fully as important, and the process of manufacture is most interesting. This packing has a round core of pure gum running through the center of the strip from end to end. The round piece of rubber is run out through a tubing machine and cut oflf in lengths of 12 or 15 feet, or any other length desired in the finished packing. The frictioned duck which makes the outside covering of this packing is pre- pared in the same manner as for other duck packing. It is also pieced together from bias sections and then cut into strips of sufficient width to make the correct diameter when rolled around the rubber center. The rubber core is first well covered with cement and the edge of the strip of duck placed securely along the cord. The cord is now laid between the two bottom rolls of a three roll wrapping machine, after which the top roll is lowered securely against the cord. While the rolls are turning the cord around, some tension should be placed on the duck to cause it to roll up tightly and evenly around the cord. These round strips are now wrapped with wet muslin cloth and consigned to the vulcanizer to be cured. This done the cloth is removed and the packing coiled and tied up for shipment. This review gives a general idea of most of the kinds of rub- ber and duck packings now on the market. It is safe to pre- dict, however, that with American genius at work, and in view of the continual experimenting and research, it will not be long before there will be new inventions, new discoveries, and per- haps new packings that will entirely eclipse any that are now in use. UNPROFITABLE CAB SERVICES. THE electric vehicle companies that started out with such a flourish a year or two ago seem to be gradually fading away. A circular sent to stockholders of the New England Electric Vehicle Transportation Co., organized to operate an electric cab service, makes a showing of assets of $1,982,995. There are said to be outstanding 224,335 shares, on which $10 has been paid, but the present price of $3 per share indicates that some of the stockholders expect a considerable shrinkage from these figures of assets. No statement showing any oper- ating profit has yet been made, and the winding up of the company is in prospect. The Illinois Electric Vehicle Transportation Co., of Chicago, decided in March to go out of existence — in view of the losses sustained, as the directors expressed it, due to heavy repairs continually made necessary by the bad condition of the streets. The original capital of the company, $25,000,000, was reduced some time ago to $2,500,000. The highest price in public trad- ing in its shares was 16^ ; later as low as lYs. was quoted. It appears that 158,620 shares were issued, on which $793,700 had been paid in. These companies, together with similar ones in New York, Philadelphia, and Washington, were organized as sub compa- nies of the Electric Storage Battery Co., through the Electric Vehicle Co., of New York, and capitalized at wildly extrava- gant figures. With the exception of that operating in New York, it is reported that none of the companies has made any money. Their stocks all boomed tremendously at first, but a recent report on their condition showed a shrinkage of $58,- 000,000 in market value from the highest. Electric Vehicle (New York), preferred, at one time reached 150; on a recent sale of 100 shares 27^2 was quoted. It has looked very much to an outsider as if promoters' profits, rather than the introduction of automobiles, were aimed at. At any rate the lack of financial success of these undertakings, together with the withdrawal of cab services once started, will have anything but a favorable effect upon the growth of automobilism. RUBBER INDUSTRY IN SWITZERLAND. A REPORT on the rubber industry in Switzerland refers to the world's consumption of shoe elastics having become smaller, and says that the tendency of the demand is for thinner threads. Wherever elastic goods have been required for export in large quantities, the cheaper kinds have been de- manded. The total export was increased somewhat last year, however, on account of increased orders from Spain. Not only was the continued high cost of rubber detrimental to the in- dustry, but the cost of yarns increased, cotton in some cases as high as 50 per cent, and woolen in some cases joo per cent. May 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER V/ORLD 233 HEARD AND SEEN IN THE TRADE. THE hard rubber industry is reported in a very satisfac- tory condition — both as to the volume of business and prices obtained for goods. There was a time, not so many years back, when complaints were rife of much business done at a loss. But the manufacturers agreed to stop cutting prices, where the result meant wiping out the whole margin of profit, after which, gradually, prices were advanced where advances were necessary, until the present condition was reached. At no time was the increase marked, but the tendency was persevered in, and for the most part without any protest from jobbers or the consuming trade. * * ♦ " It is a pity that the rubber shoe trade didn't follow the same course," commented a rubber man, in connection with the statements made above. " There was a time when, by making more moderate advances in prices of rubber shoes, and by pursuing a more conciliatory course in dealing with jobbers, the leaders in this branch could have insured themselves against competition for many years. No doubt rubbers were sold at too great a discount a few years ago, just as they are being sold now, but it was not good business to put back prices to a normal level all at once, instead of by degrees." « « * When the automobile trade has reached some fixed level, and particularly when it has got beyond the control of the stockjobbing element which has figured before the public so spectacularly, the hard rubber trade will profit from the de- mand for cells for storage battery vehicles. Up to date the electric motor has not been a tiowling success, but the idea of electric traction is a fascinating one, and experimenters and inventors may be expected to keep at work until a type of con- struction is evolved that will be lighter in weight and more efficient than anything now in use. The electrical press en- courages the hope that Thomas A. Edison's recent inventions connected with storage batteries may mark a new epoch in au- tomobilism. So far the demand for hard rubber battery cells has been for material too thin to stand the wear and tear to which the jolting vehicles subject it — in order that as many cells as possible may be compressed within a given space — and the automobile makers have been calling for replacements where the inevitable breakdowns occur. m * * The writer is assured by one rubber man who has had some experience with motor tires that the electric vehicle companies that have gone out of business in Boston and Chi- cago would have been obliged to do so in time — if for no other reason — because of the heavy tax upon them of replacing rub- ber tires. This rubber man believes in the future of the elec- tric vehicle and of the pneumatic type of motor tire, but he in- sists that no pneumatic tire made with any regard to resiliency can long stand up under the excessive weight of the storage battery cars turned out thus far. » * * The hard rubber goods imported into the United States — and the total is very small, as compared with the domestic goods sold here— are of three classes : (i) very cheap goods, or surplus goods sold by foreign manufacturers at any price, rather than unload them upon their home markets ; (2) some excep- tionally fine goods, which find their way into the trade here through channels in which they do not always come into com- petition with domestic goods; and (3) specialties, say for sur- gical use, for which the demand here is so small as not to appeal to the interest of American manufacturers. Some time ago complaint was made in behalf of home producers that im- ports of hard rubber were being undervalued, and the govern- ment was appealed to, since which the complaint has been no longer heard. It is doubtless the case that the charging of more than a moderate profit on home goods in hard rubber would open the way for a material increase in imports. » * * There is a steady demand for hard rubber telephone fittings. One estimate places the output of telephone receivers at about 23,000 per week, which average would give a total of 1,200,000 in a year. By the way, receivers are being sold now at only 10 per cent, of the price first charged for the same articles. Re- duction in the cost of manufacture ha« had much to do with the decline in price. By the way, the secret of profitable man- ufacture in every branch is cheapening the cost of production — without debasing the goods — and not the study of how far selling prices can be cut down. * » * It is a singular fact that of the many attempts to produce a substitute for rubber nowadays, all seem to be made by per- sons having little or no practical knowledge of rubber itself. A man in any of the chemical industries who chances upon a by product without any other conceivable use, seems most likely at once to call it a " rubber substitute," and then tries to mar- ket it. The less he knows about rubber the more sanguine he is apt to be. There would be much more reason for the rubber trade to regard a new substitute with interest if it should hap- pen to have resulted from the practical experience of a success- ful rubber worker. * * * A chemist who has been at work upon a rubber substitute lately, without having otherwise been interested in rubber, found his product criticised for the reason, among others, that the goods in which it might be employed would lack dura- bility. "So much the better," said the chemist ; "the manu- facturer could make sales oftener." But the idea of making inferior goods with a view to their having to be replaced fre- quently, if it ever was entertained in the rubber trade, certainly does not now find favor, and the chemist here referred to showed his lack of familiarity with the rubber business by making the remark quoted. * * ♦ " Whatever the merit of certain substitutes, and whatever the demand for a good article in this line," said a rubber factory superintendent, "there is more hope of important developments in the near future in the production of reclaimed rubber. Whether it be that sulphur is mechanically or chemically combined with rubber in vulcanization, it doubtless will be possible in time for all the sulphur to be displaced, and when this has been done, the efficiency of the resulting product probably can be brought up to near the original value of the compound. There are many bright rubber men at work in this field to-day, and the result no doubt will prove the most important advance in rub- ber manipulation in modern times." * * * One of the leading mechanical rubber firms is preparing a catalogue in French, It may prove a good idea. There is an im- 234 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [Ma\ 1 901 portant share of the commercial world now open to industrial America in which the salesman who speaks only English is at a disadvantage, and where catalogues printed in English can hardly be of any use. Several American firms have distributed catalogues in Spanish in countries where that is the language of commerce, and there is equally good reason for preparing advertising matter in French and German to reach the trade of certain other sections. * » * When even elaborate catalogues can be had for the asking, the average man is not apt to appreciate the cost of preparing them. The latest catalogue of one rubber firm cost 30 cents each for the printing alone, or $300 per thousand, and they have a good many thousand customers. The firm issue new catalogues frequently, and their printers' bills must be rather heavy. » * » At this season rubber shoe catalogues come falling like leaves in autumn. The United States Rubber Co. probably have issued a million catalogues and price lists in a single year, and most of the other companies m that line are liberal in dis- tributing printed matter. And yet the trade is never satisfied. A single rubber shoe jobbing house has been known to ask for 50,000 catalogues to distribute among its customers. Some years ago, when the question of revising mechanical rubber prices was up, a leading manufacturer opposed it, saying that his firm had circulated not less than 800,000 catalogues and lists, some of which had found their way to every part of the world, and he favored letting the printed prices stand and changing discounts as a more convenient means of dealing with the question. The other firms agreed with him. * * * There is no such prodigality of catalogue distribution else- where. One of the great European rubber factories is still using an illustrated catalogue of 1885, quoting different dis- counts whenever change is desirable. Two other important concerns who were asked lately for their catalogues replied that they issued none, for the reason that their goods were manufactured for the most part on specifications from custom- ers, and they saw no need of catalogues. * * * American rubber manufacturers' catalogues not only are becoming more attractive in appearance, but they are at all times of interest as indicating more clearly the character of our rubber products, and the changes from year to year, than any other branch of the literature of rubber could possibly do. The writer can but regret, however, that these catalogues are not more uniform in size, so as to permit those of a given class to be kept together more conveniently. » ♦ • A RUBBER manufacturing company incorporated under New York laws has lately been dissolved, and a new corporation formed in another state, even though this step has made it necessary to abandon the old company name, which the found- ers have worked hard and long to make familiar in the trade. The reason given is that corporation taxes have become ex- cessive in this state. It is necessary, however, that they should continue to do business in New York, and to cover this a corporation capitalized for a few thousand dollars has been registered at Albany. Several large rubber companies, incor- porated originally in other states, have formed small corpor- tions under New York laws to cover their business in this state, to avoid the heavy charges which the state would impose upon them if they transacted business here as foreign corpora- tions, reporting their full capital invested. MEXICAN RUBBER EXHIBITS AT PARIS. IN reply to an inquiry regarding a report published that " eight kinds of India-rubber " were included in the Mexi- ican exhibit at the Paris Exposition of 1900, the secretary of the interior of that country writes : To THE Editor ok The India Rubber World: I have the pleasure of transmitting the information I have obtained with regard to the exhibits of rubber at the Paris Exposition, as follows : All the rubber plants shown were what is known as the " hule," which is the Castilloa elastica, the only one profitably exploited in this republic. The exhibitors were : Barrow, Forbes & Co.. Hacienda, " .San Lorenzo," Tepic. Camacho Ismael. Hacienda " Las Conchas." Chiapas. State Government of Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutierrez. State Government of Tabasco, San Juan Bautista. Ramos Brothers, Federal District. Estate of Matias Romero, Soronusco, Chiapas. There exist in the country other plants from which Caout- chouc may be extracted, but I do not know of any company exploiting them, and I doubt if any one will attempt it com- mercially until some more economical method for extracting the rubber is found. Very truly, leandro Fernandez. Mexico, March 14, 1901. RUBBER PLANTING IN HONDURAS. Senor Nicanor Bolet-Monagas, secretary to the Hon- duras consulate general in the United States, at New York, who is developing a private plantation of bananas and other native products on the coast of Honduras, near the Guatema- lan border, informs The India Rubber World that wild rub- ber trees (Castilloa elastica^ are abundant in that region, and that he has planted successfully seedlings drawn from the for- ests. He planted last year several thousand such seedlings, which the natives brought to him for 30 cents per 100. and they are now thriving. He intends having planted this spring enough trees to increase the number to 8000, and he expects, by the time they are six years old, to be able to extract a pound of rubber per tree, on an average. The forests are not dense, and the seedlings are set out in spots most accessible to the light, about 200 to the acre, at a cost for planting of about $3 gold (per acre). The annual cost of care of the trees is esti- mated at $3 per acre. He recommends this section for rubber planting on a large scale, on account of the cheap lands, good climate, and excellent supply of labor. Sefior Bolet's planta- tion is in the department adjoining Yoro, mentioned in the next paragraph. There has been discovered in Honduras, in the department of Yoro, in the Pijo mountains — according to £7 /'ai5^ inches, including their patented " Wing " feature. One advantage claimed for the " endless " type of tire is that the vulcanization of the rubber to endless wires conserves all the strength of the solid rubber, without any of the weaknesses of tires having loose retaining bands or wires within them. =The Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co.'s vehicle tires are sold in the city of Mexico by William A. Parker & Co., Mirador de la Alameda, No. i, who have installed machinery for applying the tires. = The Detroit Rubber Tire Co. (Detroit, Mich.), sole licen- sees for Michigan and Toledo, Ohio, for the Kelly-Springfield vehicle tires, inform The Inoia Rubber World that they have established a branch at Sauk Ste. Marie, with facilities for applying tires, for the better accommodation of their trade in upper Michigan, where the demand for tires has been grow- ing very rapidly of later. Mav 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER \A^ORLD 249 TO SELL CRUDE RUBBER IN AKRON. The growth in importance of Akron, Ohio, as a rubber con- suming center, is illustrated by the fact this town has been se- lected as the location of the first agencies for the sale of crude rubber that have yet been established in the United States outside of seaboard cities. Mr. R. L. Shipman has been ap- pointed resident agent at Akron of the New York Commercial Co. and George A. Alden & Co. Mr. Frank B. Rickaby has also located at Akron in a similar capacity for Reimers & Co., of New York. In both cases the policy has been observed of selecting a capable and energetic young man, who has had thorough training in the house which he is to represent. RUBBER SHOE FACTORY NOTES. The Candee rubber factory (New Haven) started on full time April 8, advertising for 100 skilled shoemakers. For some time before the shutdown in March the factory had run but five hours a day ; indeed, it had been running on short time for the most of two years.==The National India Rub- ber factory (Bristol, R. I.) started April 8, after a shut- down of two weeks, with a large list on boot work,==-The Apsley Rubber Co. (Hudson, Mass.) resumed work in the boot and shoe department April i. NEW INCORPORATIONS. The Brooklyn Reclaiming Co., April 4, under New York laws, to make and deal in reclaimed or devulcanized rubber ; capital, $io,Goo. Directors: Amadee Spadone, New York; John Murphy, Brooklyn ; Albert E. J. V. J. Theilgaard, Copen- hagen, Denmark. = The People's Hard Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio), under Ohio laws ; capital, $200,000. Directors were chosen April 12, as follows : /. C. Aldifi, president of the .'Vlden Rubber Co. ; C. E. Sheldon, vice president and general manager of Whitman Sl Barnes Manufacturing Co.; A. B.Rinehart, president of Akron Belting Co. and former sales manager Whitman & Barnes Manufacturing Co. ; J. R. Null, treasurer Central Savings Bank Co. ; George C. Kohler, lawyer, and son in law of I. C. Alden. The officers are I. C. Alden, president; A. B. Rine- hart, vice president ; J. R. Nutt, treasurer ; G. C. Kohler, gen- eral counsel. It was announced as early as April, 1899, that such a company would be formed, but no definite information was given out until the incorporation of the company during the past month. It is stated that sufficient skilled labor has been obtained, and that an effort will be made to begin work by August I. It IS reported that J. C. Pierrez & Co., No. 107 Cham- bers street, New York, will be eastern selling agents. = Diamond Belting and Packing Co. of New York, March 27, under New York laws; capital, $10,000. Directors: W. B. Miller, Akron, Ohio ; Ernest L. Baldwin and J. W. Teller, New York city. = Kellogg Manufacturing Co. (Newark, N. J.), April 14, under New Jersey laws, to manufacture rubber goods ; capital, $25,000. Incorporators: S. C. Kellogg, F. W. Lestrade, E. C. Lestrade. = The Haskell Golf Ball Co. (Akron, Ohio), April i, under Ohio laws, to make golf balls ; capital, $10,000. = Dearing-Scott Manufacturing Co. (Jackson, Michigan), March 24, under Michigan laws, to manufacture rubber heels and creepers; capital, $10,000. =The Graff Shoe Co. (Philadelphia), March 6, under Dela- ware laws, to manufacture shoes and to deal in the same and rubber goods; capital, $60,000. = Northvvestern Rubber Co. (Chicago), March 23, under Illi- nois laws, to do a general jobbing trade in rubber and kindred goods ; capital, $20,000. Incorporators ; A. B. Clark, Ellsworth F. Morton, William G. Anderson. Mr. Clark hitherto has rep- resented the Pennsylvania Rubber Co. (Erie, Pa.) in Chicago, and the new concern will be selling agents for that company. A meeting for organization was to be held on April 25. TRADE NEWS NOTES. The Home Rubber Co. (Trenton, N. J.) plan shortly to in- stall a 750 horse power engine, their present power plant being too small for the execution of their orders. =Joseph Cantor, dealer in rubDer manufacturers' supplies, and representative in the United States of Typke& King (Lon- don), has removed from No. 149 Church street to Nos. 56-58 Pine street. New York. = The Crude Rubber Co. have removed their offices from No. 30 Broad street, New York, to the Broad- Exchange build- ing, Nos. 25-29 Broad street. = The Groton Rubber Co., organized recently to operate a factory at Poquonock, near New London, Connecticut, have decided not to carry out their plans, and the machinery which has been installed will go back to the manufacturers. = The Byfield Rubber Co. (Bristol, Rhode Island) are replac- ing the four boilers in use hitherto in their factory with two larger ones. A new boiler house is being built, and the old boiler room will be used as a compound room. The company are reported to be well supplied with orders. =The Mechanical Fabric Co. (Providence, R. I.) have re- cently taken a contract to equip throughout the two new steamers of the American Line, the Zealand and Vaderland, with air mattresses. = 1. W. Greene, son of Frank W. Greene, the rubber broker of New York, has become connected with the American Rub- berine Co., and is offering their rubber substitute to the trade, = The Manufacturers' Association of Kansas City, Missouri, has established a catalogue library, and requests all manufac- turers and mercantile establishments to forward their cata- logues, receipt of which will be duly acknowledged. Catalogues will be filed and indexed by the card index system both as to firm name and subject matter of the catalogue. = The Milford Rubber Co. (Boston) have made several im- provements lately at their factory at Milford, Massachusetts, including the installation of fire sprinklers, the building of a new water tank, and increasing facilities in the spreading room. =The Harding Paper Stock Co. (Omaha, Nebraska) have been succeeded by L. Harding. The business dates from 1880, and includes the handling of rubber scrap on a considerable scale, this being the only house in the line in the state. = The Eureka Fire Hose Co. (New York) have issued a hanger, fitted for posting in fire department and other hose houses, containing printed •' Directions Concerning Care of Fire Hose," which should be considered by all users of such hose. ^It is reported that John Kerns, superintendent of the India Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio), will sail this month to take charge of the tire and mechanical rubber factory which the Dunlop interests are erecting at Melbourne, Australia. = The Syracuse Rubber Co. and Pierce, Butler & Pierce (Syracuse, New York) have each been awarded a contract for 1000 feet of hose for the local fire department. = G. Edwin Alden, No. 176 Federal street, Boston, has taken the agency for the special substitutes, solvents, and ingredients prepared for rubber manufacturers by William H, Scheel, of New York. = H. S. Randall, who, since 1873, has been in charge of the New York office of the Boston Rubber Shoe Co., resigned on April I, and has been succeeded by E. L. Phipps, for some years past connected with the company's Boston office. 250 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD. [May 1 90 1. =It is interesting to note that the very highest grades of talc are now being mined in the United States, and spficially prepared for the rubber trade. The writer recently saw some beautiful specimens of talc, and also a great variety of grades of barytes, at the office of the Carolina Mineral Co., No. 140 Maiden lane, New York. These goods all came from North Carolina, and are being prepared particularly for consumption in rubber working and compounding. =George T. Case, formerly superintendent of the hard rub- ber department of The Seamless Rubber Co., has severed his connection there and accepted a position with the rubber fac- tory of Morgan & Wright (Chicago). = The employes of the Manhattan Rubber Manufacturing Co., at Passaic, New Jersey, have formed a benevolent associa- tion, incorporated under the laws of the state. -George Watkinson & Co. (Philadelphia) have filed plans with the city authorities for an engine room and boiler house addition to their rubber shoe plant. = The Lambertville (N.J.) Rubber Co. have recently built an addition, 18 <40 feet, to their vulcanizing department. = The " Transporteur Robins," for which Henry La Burthe is general agent in France (20, avenue Herbillon, Saint- Mande), is the system manufactured by the Robins Convey- ing Belt Co. (New York). PERSONAL MENTION. Mr. Charles R. Flint, of New York, was the principal witness, on April 8, at Washington, before the Industrial Com- mission which, under an act of Congress, is conducting an in- vestigation into the industrial conditions of the country. Mr. Flint was called on account of his prominence in connection with the consolidation of large industrial enterprises, and gave his views on, the advantages of combination. Incidentally he gave many details regarding the organization and control of the United States Rubber Co., the Rubber Goods Manufactur- ing Co., and the American Chicle Co. = Mr. E. E. Buckleton sails for Europe on the Lucania. May 4, for an extended tour covering England, France, Germany, Norway, and Sweden. = Recenl visitors to the United States have been Ernest Berlyn, of Paris, and John W. Knott, of London, representa- tives of the Boston Rubber Shoe Co. It was the first visit to this country of M. Berlyn. = Mr. J. H. Stearns, of Parker, Stearns & Sutton (New York) will shortly leave for Lake Spofford (New Hampshire), where he owns a fine summer hotel known as the Pine Grove Springs Hotel. As a health resort of the highest type Mr. Stearns' place is rapidly becoming noted. Indeed it is confidently pre- dicted that it v/ill soon be a rival of Poland Springs. = Mr. O. C. Barber, one of the prime factors in the Diamond Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio), and president of the Diamond Match Co., is reported to be concerned with Mr. H. C. Frick, of Pittsburgh, In the establishment of the Columbia National Bank, at Barberton, Ohio. = Mr. Albert T. Holt, superintendent of The Victor Rubber Co. (Springfield, Ohio), was married April 17 to Miss Mary L. Widdicombe. The newly married pair went East for an ex- tenaed wedding tour. = Mr. Joseph Everett Stone, cashier of the Hood Rubber Co., and Miss Sadie lioyle, of Swampscott, Massachusetts, were married April 10. = In the death of Mr. Richard P. Rothwell, editor of the Engineering and Mining Journal (New York), on April 17, the scientific world and the cause of high class technical journalism suffer a distinct loss. He was born in Ontario in 1837 and studied and worked in many countries. It may not be known generally that at one time he filled an important position in the cable works of W. T. Henley & Co., at North Woolwich, London, which entitles him to be considered to have had an experience in the rubber industry. Later he became a mining engineer of high distinction. UNITED STATES RUBBER STOCKS. The following is a record of transactions on the New York Stock Exchange, for several weeks past: Common. Preferred. DATES Sales. High. 20J^ Low. Sales. High Low. Week ending Feb. 2 6,100 '9 1,070 62 60 Week ending Feb. g 4,875 1\% I9?< 3,790 61 59 H Weekending Feb. 16 3,010 2lM 20 2,510 6r 60 Week ending Feb. 23 4 615 20 :8^ 950 6o>^ 60 Week ending Mch. 2 11.000 22 J^ 18K 4.t07 6234 59^ Weekending Mch. q 3865 igK 18K 2,850 59>^ 58 Weekending Mch. 16 2,045 1934' i8'i 1,065 58^ 57J< Weekending Mch. 23 4.0S0 201^ 18% 2,223 s')h 58 Week ending Mch. 30 23.045 23 19 J^ li,q6o &7M 58^ Weekending Apr. lo 420 2I>4 ^^ @6 per cent, for others, with a fair demand, mostly from out-of-town banks." SiatisUcs of Para Rubber {Metric Tons.) NEW YORK. Fme and Medium, Stocks, February 28 639 Arrivals, March 1542 Aggregating 2i8i Deliveries, March 1363 Stocks, March 31 . 818 PARA. 1901. 1903. Stocks, February 28.. 560 1995 Arrivals, March 3923 31 15 Coarse. 56 = 470 = Total iqoi. 695 2012 Total 1900. 654 1590 Tola 1899. 408 2841 526 = 415 = 2707 1778 2244 1604 3249 2757 III = 929 640 492 ENGLAND 1899. 1901. 1900. 1899. 2225 2450 1025 1278 449 2156 735 9'5 Aggregating 4483 51 10 4675 Deliveries, March .... 3998 4080 3445 2203 857 2605 1250 1650 750 Stocks, March 31. 485 1030 1230 1346 1355 900 2@1.07 @ 90 i®i.05 75 77 1901. 1900. 1899. World's supply. March 31 (excluding Caucho). 5168 4853 3543 Para receipts, July i to March 31 20,494 21,880 21,365 Afloat from Para to United States, March 31, 1408 429 2S3 Afloat from Para to Europe, March 31 1000 1374 638 NEW YORK PRICES FOR MARCH (NEW RUBBER.) 1901. 1900. 1899. Upriver, fine 83 ©86 99 @i.05 i.o Upriver, coarse 59 ©60 75 @ 80 Islands, fine 83 ©84 98 @I.04 1.0 Islands, coarse 45 ©50 59 @ 64 71 Cameta, coarse 53K@S4 62 '/i© 65 72 Gold Coast Rubber Exports Smaller. These figures have been compiled for The India Rubber ^ORLD by the comptroller of customs at Accra — the name of which city, by the way, is applied as a trade name to much of the rubber covered by this report : Years. Pounds. Value. In 1894 3,027527 $1,162,750 In 1895 4,022,385 1,610,350 In 1896 3,735-439 1,569,085 In 1897 4,956,727 2,098,985 1° 1898 5.984,984 2,758.337 101899 5.572,554 2,778,655 In 1900 3,452,440 1,640780 The values here quoted, have been reported in English money, and converted at Ss to £1. The authorities at Accra inform The India Rubber World that the falling off in pro- duction last year was due to the war between the British gov- ernment and the natives. Lagos exports have also fallen off, from 5,060,504 pounds in 1895, to 596.332 pounds in 1900. Li-verpool. William Wrighf & Co. report [April i]: "Fine Para. — There has been an active demand both spot and forward at rather easier prices, but at the close there are increased signs of firmness. The position has been somewhat peculiar on the one hand ; the heavy Para receipts have all been bought up at prices considerably over those ruling here and in New York, while here prices have gradually declined. The chief buyers in Para have been the Americans, and present appearances point to the possibility of their trying to control prices, in 252 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [Mav I, 1 90 1. view of the probability of a short crop next season, owing to financial difficulties in Brazil. It is hard to realize that they are buying hundreds of ions at prices pence per pound over what they can sell at, merely with the idea of ' doing business." Sales on spot are 195 tons, closing prices Islands being 3.^. Tyid; Upriver 35. yd. For delivery, 195 tons sold, chiefly April-May and May-June, closing with possible sellers 01 the former at y. yd. and the latter at 3^. jyid." The partnership firm of Huss, Macleod & Co., India-rubber merchants, 57, Tower bui'dings. Water street, was dissolved March 31. The old accounts will be settled by George Mac- leod. The business is to be continued, at the same location, by George Macleod and S. Yates Edwards, as partners, under the style Macleod, Edwards & Co. London. Jackson & Till, under date of April i, report stocks: London r Para sorts tons — J Borneo 172 1 Assam and Rangoon 21 t Other sorts 640 Total 845 Liverpool Para. .1346 Other sorts 1343 Total, United Kingdom 3522 Total, March i 2989 Total, February 1 3189 Total, January i 2901 PRICES PAID DURING FEBRUARY. 1900. 1899. — I 148 75 16 21 412 383 576 480 1344 894 II84 568 3104 1942 I9I7 1784 1848 1905 IS55 2109 Para fine, hard 3/6? @3/8| Do soft 3/7} @3/8J Negroheads, Islands . . . 2/- @2/oj^ Do scrappy.... 2/7 (1*2/9 Bolivian 3/8^ 1899. [ 4/5 @4/6i- 4/ii@4/2} 2/7 @2/7j 2/l04 3/5i@3/5j 3/7 No sales. 4/3 PRICES PAID DURING MARCH. 1901. Para fine, Islands 3/6J @3/7} Do Upriver 3/6 @3/6J Negroheads, Islands. .. . l/iij(a)2/l Do scrappy 2/6 @2/6i Bolivian No sales. [ 4/2j@4/5 No sales. 3/3 No sales. 1899. 4/3 @4/4j 2/1 1 J 3/6|@3/7i 4/4i@4/5 Bordeaux. To THE Editor of The India Rubber World : The prices obtained for the African (Soudan or Sierra Leone) sorts have been good in spite of the genuine settling which is done at Liverpool. The fine Twists have been valued at 6.20 to 6.30 francs per kilogram and the Niggers, 5.27 to 5.30 per kilogram. The stock is fortunately reduced and by the last arrival by the La Plata all of the Sierra Leone and Gambia had been sold. Arrivals from March 15 to April 15, and stocks on hand at the latter date, are as follows : Arrivals. Stocks. Cassamance kilos. 8,100 Conakry 2,200 Soudan 34. 500 Congo — Mayusiba 4, 500 Tonkin 2,000 Madagascar Java 4.500 2,000 2,500 2,500 Total kilos. 51,300 11,500 P. chaumel. Hamburg. To the Editor of The India Rubber World : The mar- ket for Para sorts of late has been more firm, and prices ad- vancing, thereby benefiting other sorts, and causing great activity in the latter. The tone of the market has been accen- tuated by reports of America becoming a strong buyer of Para and other sorts, taking large quantities for spot and forward delivery. Fine Bolivian, spot delivery, sold at S.isf^' 35 marks per kilogram, and deliveries for May-June received ready oflers of 8.3o@8.4o marks. Transactions at like prices are reported in fine Para, hard cure. Bolivian medium, spot, brought 8 marks. Fine Mollendo has been much called for, and for the only offer — a small lot for April-May delivery — 8.05 marks was paid. Fine Matto Grosso virgin sold at 7.25^7.30 marks and Matto Grosso negroheads at 5.50(^5.60. Transactions in Afri- cans have been brisk, about 120 tons being disposed of at the following : PRICES IN MARKS PER KILOGRAM. Bassam lump, prime, dry... " ball, white and red, prime Bassam flake, ordinary .... Congo thimbles, second, (in bags) Ecuador scrap Salvador scrap , Colombia sc.-ap Guatemala slab Borneo, white, prime and second Borneo, white third ' '• dead 3.60 3.55 3-00 3-35 5.70 5.70 5.65 3.90 5.10 3.25 3.85 Mozambique ball, red and black, prime 7.35 Lome niggers, red, prime... 6.50 " good white... 4.40 " coated white. 4 10 Massai niggers, red, cut, prime 5.60 Conakry niggers, red and white, prime 5-30 Conakry niggers, white, prime 5.00 Sierra Leone twist, prime, slightly damp 490 Madagascar, black, prime. . . 4.25 Batanga ball, prime 4.20 Elobi, tongue and ball, prime 3.65 Market closes firm by rising prices. Hamburg, April 9, 1901. Anhoerp. To the Editor of The India Rubber World : On March 18 118 tons Lopori rubber were sold by private tender to ar- rive by steamer PhilippeviUe, due March 20 from the Congo, at T.mYz francs per kilogram. It appears that the lot was bought for the United States. This may be regarded as a full price, the lot having to be taken telle quelle (without regard to quality), whereas 7.50 francs was the price paid for an assorted lot of Lopori at the auction of March 12. The next sale is an- nounced for April 16, to include 380 tons, mostly Congos. The Antwerp market has been quiet, at unchanged prices for prime quality. Owners are ready sellers for inferior grades. C. SCHMID & CO. Antwerp, March 30, 1901. Some prices obtained at the sale April 16 were: Upper Congo balls, ordinary, 7.20(^7.25 francs ; Lake Leopold, second quality, 6.20 ; Aruwimi,6@6.8o; red Kassai, 7.2o@7.So; Lower Congo, red thimbles, 3.07^; Upper Congo — Yengu, 8.20; Soudan twists, 7.35 ; Conakry niggers, 6.55. No Loporis offered. Total offered, 381,285 kilograms; sold, 310,520 kilograms. Next sale. May 14. Steamer with 500 tons expected by the end of April. antwterp rubber statistics for march. [By the courtesy of Emile Grisar.] DSTAILS. 1901. X900. 1899. 1898. 1897. Stocks.Feb. 28. Kilos Arrivals, March. . . . Congo sorts Other sorts 781,100 570,052 528,79s 41.257 618,800 416,278 332.587 83,691 1,035,078 300,018 250,311 250,081 ■89. '75 60,906 500,392 246,823 230,752 166,910 146.397 2°,5i3 185.743 108,515 98,6<;o 9,865 Aggregating. . . Sales, March 1.351,152 507.318 397,662 219,098 178,564 487,844 434.355 53,489 403,743 294,258 175.247 Stocks, March 31. . . 843.834 735,060 253.569 119,011 Arrivals since Jan. i Congosorts Other sons 1,573.310 ',403.293 170,017 1,343.515 1,776.314 •.475.996 300,318 1,333.245 761.945 647.233 114,712 771,716 318,783 299,128 •9.655 Sales since Jan. I . . 339,401 May I, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER \VORLD 253 ARRIVALS AT ANTWERP. March 22. — By the steamer PhiUppeville, from the Congo; Societe A B I R kilos 117,000 Bunge & Co. (Domaine prive Etat du Congo) 118,000 Bunge & Co. (Societe Equatoriale Congolaise) 15,000 M. S. Cols (Centrale Africaine) 16,600 Comptoir Commercial Congolais 22,000 Bunge & Co (Plantations Lacourt) 6,300 Soc. An. pour le Commerce Colonial (Est Kwango).. 3,800 Ch. Dethier (Haute Sanga) 2,000 Societe Agricole et Commerciale de I'Alima 1,000 Societe Coloniale Anversoise (Beige du Ilaut Congo). g,6oo Cie. Commerciale des Colonies (Societe Kassaienne). 8,500 M. S. Cols (Produits Vegetaux du Kassai) 19,000 Ch. Pethier (Societe Belgika) 500 339,300 April 4. — By the steamer AnversvilU, from the Congo : Credit Commercial Congolais (Lulonga) 3,300 M. S. Cols (Vegetaux du Kassai) 10,600 Comptoir des Produits Coloniaux (Ekela Sangha). . . . 1,200 Ch. Dethier (Societe Belgika) 15,000 Trafic Congolais 700 Societe Coloniale Anversoise 5.S00 Bunge & Co. (Domaine prive Etat du Congo) 83,000 Bunge & Co. ( Plantations Lacourt) 3 ,200 Societe A B I R (Lopori) 48,000 170,800 Rubber from Indo-China. Extorts from this new source during the first nine months of 1900 amounted to 599,346 pounds, against 87,490 pounds for the same period of 1899. Of this amount 534,963 pounds were shipped from Tongking and the remainder from Saigon. IMPORTS FROM PARA AT NEW YORK. [The Figures Indicate Weights in Pounds.'] March 29. — By the steamer Dunstan, from Manaos and Para : Importers. Fine. Medium. Coarse. Caucho. Total. New York Commercial Co 216,200 61,700 82,800 69,500= 430,200 Reimers & Co 171,200 48,900 79,600 78,400= 378,100 Crude Rubber Co 241,000 68,500 .•\lbert T. Morse & Co.. Boston Rubber Shoe Co.. United States Rubber Co. Chas. Ahrenfeldt & Son. . Otto G. Mayer & Co William Wright & Co.... I,. Hagenaers 400 7.700 22,400 6,800 1,700 62,100 4,300= 37,700 57,200= 38,500 106,600= 23,300 = .... 62,300= 22,900 600= 2,200 17,200= 1,600 . ...= 4.400 = 375.QOO 221,700 196,600 151,200 63,000 46,400 23,400 4,600 4,400 Total.. 893,200 251,100 355,100396,100=1,895,500 April 6. — By the steamer Cearense, from Manaos and Para Crude Rubber Co 274,40040,400 71,700 = United States Rubber Co. 257,900 29,000 37,100 = New York Commercial Co. 116,500 33,500 40,900 Albert T. Morse & Co. . .. 70,00022,100 50,200 Reimers & Co 88,40022,100 28,600 Boston Rubber Shoe Co. 75.300 13,600 22,700 Otto G. Mayer & Co..., 16,200 3,rco Lawrence Johnson & Co. . 23,500 5,000 G. Amsinck & Co 21,400 3,600 13,800 3,600 2,Soo 300= 41,800= 12,000= 8,100 = 63,400= 5,700= 386,500 324,000 191,200 184,100 151,100 119,700 96,500 37,800 27,800 Total 943,600 172,400 271,400 131,300=1,518,700 April 19. — By the steamer Amnzonense, from Manaos and Para; United States Rubber Co. 265,700 Reimers & Co 202,000 Crude Rubber Co 236.600 New York Commercial Co. 122,400 Boston Rubber Shoe Co.. 71,000 A. T. Morse & Co Otto G. Mayer & Co. . . . 24,600 L. Hagenaers 17,900 William Wright & Co Lawrence Johnson & Co 44,700 32,400 28,100 36,000 10,700 4.700 3,600 49,400 ^ 359.800 59.400 54.800= 348,600 70,900 1,200= 346,800 70,900 12,000= 241,300 32,000 100,300^ 214,000 2,400 47.900 = 50 300 7,300 6,000= 42,600 3.400 2,100= 27,000 5.700 5,200= 10,900 6,700= 6,700 Total. .. . 940,200 160,200301,400236,200=1,638,000 [NoTB.— The Gregory is due at New York with 12^ tons from Pard ; also the Hildebrand from ManAos and Par^ with 360 tons. The Polycarp, with 350 tons, is due May 5.] PARA RUBBER VIA EUROPE. POUNDS. March 25.— By the £(ruria= Liverpool: A. T. Morse & Co. (Caucho 4,600 March 28.— By the reitlonic^: Liverpool: Ed. Reeks & Co. (Fine) 3.600 Ed. Reeks & Co. (Coarse) 1.700 Georse A. Alden & Co. (Coarse). ... 2.300 Crude Rubber Co. (Coarse) 2,300 9,900 Makch 30.— By the iucnnla=Llverpool: Reimers & Co. (Fine) 22.00(1 George A. Alden & Co. (Coarse) 4.500 Crude Rubber Co. (Coarse) 4,500 31,000 Ai'UiL 11.— By the J/ajestic= Liverpool: Reimers &Co. (Fine) 8.000 APRIL 8.— By the St'r!>ia=LiverpooI: Robinson & Tallman (Coarse) 4,500 Ai'Rii, 2'.;.— By the t7m/)rio=Liverpool . Reimers & Co. (Fine) 17,000 Reimers & Co. (Coarse ) 6.500 Reimers* Co. (Caucho) 30,000 63,600 OTHER IMPORTS AT NEW YORK. CENTRALS. POUNDS. March 26.— By the HeBeHu8=Pernambuco: J. H. Rossbach & Bros 25.000 Lawrence .lohnson & Co 5.700 G. Amsinck S Co 7,600 38.200 March 27.— By the i''i»ia7ice=Colon: Hlrzel, Keltman&Co — 2,100 RoUlan & Van Hickel 1,200 Crude Rubber Co 2,100 Jimenez & Escobar 2,000 Flint. Eddy&Co 900 Gulterman. Rosenfekl & Co 700 9.000 March 27.— By El Mar=^ev Orleans: Harburger & Stack 1,500 For Liverpool 4,000 5.500 March 29— By theHawona=Mexlco: E, Steiger&Co 4.000 H. Marquardt & Co 3,000 Thebaud Brothers 2.000 H. W. Peabody &Co 2,300 CSNTBALS— Continued. Fred Probst& Co 2.000 P. Harmony Nephews & Co 200 13,500 April 1.— By the Comus=New Orleans : A. T. Morse & Co 9,500 ■ N. Y. & Java Trading Co 200 9,700 Apr. 1.— By the Pennsylvania Bailroad=Me\leo : D. A. De Lima* Co 2,500 J. B. Ma^eman 400 .losepli Heeht & Son . eOO Flint, Eddy & Co 300 3,700 April 1.— By the City of Washington=ColoD : Crude Rubber Co 5.000 Flint. Eddy &Co . 4,000 Roldan & Van Sickel 3,200 Hirzel.Feltmau & Co 2.6OO Dumarest&Co 1,200 Isaac Brandon & Bros 1,100 G. Amsinck &Co 000 17.700 APRIL2.— By theX(;io8=Savanllla: G. Amsinck & Co 5.000 Mecke & Co 300 1). A. De Lima & Co 600 Jimenez & Escobar 200 Lawrence Johnson & Co 1,000 Sussdorff. Zftldo& Co ... 700 New York Commercial Co 300 8.100 April 2.— By El Sud=New Orleans : A. T.Morse & Co 5.000 A. N. Rotholz 1,000 6.000 Apr. 5.— BythePenJMi/Itianlo HatIroad=Mexico: G. Amsinck & Co 4 000 April 0. By E/ Dorado= New Orleans: A. T. Morse & Co 3.500 A. N. llotholz 2..500 EKgers & Heinleln 1,000 HarburgerS Stack 700 For London 2.000 9,700 Aprils.— By the CnroMne Gro|/=HondHras: EgKersft Helulein .'iO 000 J. W. Wilson &Co 8.000 H. W. PeabodyA Co 200 A. S. Lascellas&Co 300 38,600 April 6— By the Cnleridge=B&bl&: J. H. Rossbach & Bros 8,000 CENTRA LS— Continued. ApkilS.— By the .4!!fg7iajij/=Greytown: A P. Strout 10.000 A D. Straus & Co 4 000 Andreas & Co 3.500 Lawrence Johnson & Co S.ono Jimenez*! Escobar ; 3 600 G.Amslnck&Co 1.300 J. Ferro 2.500 29,800 April 9.— By the Advance=Co\oa: D. N. Carrlngton & Co 15,700 3 200 Crude Rubber Co. G. Amsinck & Co Sessdorf, Zaldo & Co W. Loaiza& Co Ellinger Brothers J. B, Sageman Lannian & Kemp.... 2.200 I'.WK) i.ono 700 600 600 25,800 April 11.— By the Algiers=yieyi Orleans: A. T.Morse & Co 1.000 ForLondou 7,000 8,000 Apr. 12.— By the Penn8yI«antoKai/road= Mexico; R. G. Barthold 1,500 R. F. Cornwell 1,200 J. B. Sageman 700 A. S. Lascellas &Co .500 3,900 April 15.— By the Camponto=Llverpool: Reimers & Co April 15 —By the Fuco£an=Mexlco: 11.600 V. Probst & Co U. Maninardl & Co E. Steigerii Co II. W. Peabody&Co P. Harmony Nephews & Co., For Hamburg 4.000 1..500 1,000 800 800 6,000 14.100 April 16.— By the j41!ta»M!a=Colon: Roldan & Van Sickel 5.000 Duiiiarest& Co 4,400 Flint, Eddy&Co 3,100 (i. Amsinck* Co 2,600 Isaac Brandon & Bros 1,700 A. Santos* Co 1,100 Piza Nephews & Co 300 18,100 April ir..— By the^((nt=SavanllIa: John Bovd.Jr. &Co 4.000 Roldan & Van .Sickel 3,000 G.Amslnck&Co 1,600 S.SamperSCo 1,000 254 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [May I, 1901. CFXrnALS—Ooiilinucd. Sussdorf . ZaMo & Co 80O New York Commercial Co 600 10,900 Aritii. 10.— By El JlorUe=New Orleans: A. T. Morse & Co 13.000 W. K. Grace «t Co 2,500 A. N. Rotliolz 1.000 U. Am9lnck&Co 700 17.200 APRIL 22.— By theSe<;uranca=Mexlco: Thehaud Brothers 1,500 Graham. Hinckley «iCo 700 Flint. Eddys Co 700 H. Marquardt & Co 600 3.400 Apbi 1. 22.— By the Umbrta= Liverpool : Keimers&Co 11,500 ArKiL 23.— By the .ta=Llverpool : Robinson & Tallmau l.soo Reimers & Co 12,000 George A. Alden S Co 7.500 Crude Rubber <;o 8.00U 29,000 April 9.— By the 3/aiiitou=London : Albert T. Morse & Co 32,000 April 10.— By the fJeor(7tan= Liverpool: George A. Alden & Co 135.000 Crude RubberCo 22,600 157,500 APRIL II.— By the Aiajestic=Llverpool : Livesey&Co 12.000 George A. Alden & Co 6.000 Crude RubberCo 6,000 24,000 April 12.— By the Dona illar4 208 271 271 271 276 281 \\J E have before us descriptions of several " rubber farms" in the Amazon river country that are for sale. Some of them are offered by the proprietors, and others by baniis at Para, which, having made advances to the owners of the " farms," have taken over the prop- erties in default of payment. We do not know the merit of these particular opportunities for investment, but the fact that they exist suggests several points of interest. In the first place, the rubber gathering business proba- bly is better organized than most of us hitherto have sup- posed. It appears that the 50,000,000 pounds or more of rubber annually exported from the Amazon is not gathered mainly by half-savages, roaming in vast forests, tapping at random such rubber trees as they may chance to find. It would require more than such haphazard methods to form the basis for the business of the banks and mercan- tile houses of Para and Manaos, the hundred or more steamers on the Amazon, and the rubber carrying ships on the Atlantic, which transport not infrequently a cargo of rubber worth $1,000,000 or more. On the contrary, each of the "rubber farms" is de- scribed as consisting of a definite number of eslradai (paths, or roads), marked out so as to give ready and cer- tain access to the particular rubber trees to be tapped, the approximate number of trees also being given. This preliminary work of road making is not done for a single season, but is meant to be permanent, so that, when a plentiful supply of prolific trees is once located on a navi- gable stream, they may be visited season after season, with an assurance of a yield that will prove profitable. From one description we quote : " This farm was marked off five years ago, for which service was paid 40 contos of reis (equivalent to-day to $10,000)." The number of trees on this estate is estimated at 20,000. There are also said to be on the farm wooden buildings, cattle, etc., besides which four steam launches are owned. Doubtless on an estate where the business of rubber gathering has been pre- pared for with so much forethought and at such expense, we might to-day see a force of workers established all the year round, but for the fact that the annual rising of the rivers scatters the rubber hunters for a certain period. As it is, the crop season, during which the trees are tapped daily, is something more than six months in the year. It may be asked why, in the face of such preparations and the presence of rubber in paying quantities, the owners of these farms should want to sell. The reason given is the financial depression from which all Brazil is suffering. Any manufacturer who buys Para rubber is prepared to be- lieve that somewhere, between the forest and the factory, good profits are made on it. The owners of many of these farms have profited largely, but their money has been made too easily for any thought to have been taken for the morrow. Hence the beginning of each new season finds most of them with nothing but X.\i€\'c estradas, wailing to be worked. They must send for workers, and provide for them until the proceeds of the year's crop come to hand, all of which makes necessary advances from merchants or 256 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD. [June i, 1901. bankers, who are generally at a distance. Whatever may be the prime cause, money is now a scarce article in the rubber country, the rate of exchange is most unfavorable, and credits have become contracted to an extent which leaves the weaker operators helpless. It is quite possible that the number of persons in the rubber gathering busi- ness, and the number of estates, affected by the Brazilian financial crisis will be so great as to curtail seriously the production of rubber during the coming season. All of which leads to the thought that if the Para rubber already produced has come, to an important extent, from systematically marked out farms, visited year after year by workers under the same control — albeit the general man- agement of these estates may have been wasteful and im- provident — there may be a good opportunity for the invest- ment of capital by outsiders, on a basis of cash capital instead of advances of goods and credit, in very large tracts of rubber lands, to the profit of the investors, while rend- ering the supplies of rubber more stable and the ultimate cost to the manufacturer lower. A PANIC- AND WHAT IT SUGGESTS. "T^U PvING the past month has been witnessed a Stock Ex- ■^-^change " panic," which, unlike previous occurrences of the kind, was felt in its effects, not only in New York and its vicinity, but throughout the country and even in Europe, so widespread has become the interest in specu- lating in the stocks dealt in here. But what is more to the point, this so-called panic differed from others in the past in that it was unaccompanied by the failure of great financial institutions, to the injury of other than specula- tive interests. Fluctuations in stocks due to the contend- ing of " bulls " and " bears " we always have had and prob- ably always will have, and a " panic " which hurts only those who guess wrong on the next turn of the market gives little concern to the owners of the properties which the stocks traded in represent, and who devote their atten- tion to the control of these properties for the purpose of making legitimate profits. At the same time, the fact that the Wall street flurry of last month passed without involving in ruin any of the business and industrial interests of the country is a cause for congratulation, for, as has just been said, the country has not always been so fortunate under like circumstances. There is evidence in all of this of a sound substantial basis for existing business and industrial enterprises, the success of which makes for the prosperity of the nation, instead of a basis of credit or speculation. And the ill effects to those who lost — even if only on paper — as the result of this great speculative frenzy doubtless will be found to go deep enough to serve as a warning to their class, for a good while to come, against repeating their tactics on so large a scale. This is, of course, no place to discuss the merits of the contest between certain great railway interests in the West, which, no doubt without any such intention on their part, provided the opportunity for the stock gambling pure and simple which was the world's wonder for the day. But it may be worth considering whether the struggle for supremacy between the rival railway magnates was merely for the control of the transportation business of the West such as it has been hitherto, .\mong these men are some who are exceptionally broad minded and far seeing ; and there is reason to believe that they look for the greatest commercial development of the new century on the Pacific ocean and in the countries which abut upon it. Some of the great American railway companies whose lines touch the Pacific already are interested in the building on our western coast of some of the largest steamships yet de- signed, evidently with the idea of combining in one system land transportation to the " Goldein Gate " with sea trans- portation beyond. The same thing is being done with railway lines extending to the Atlantic seaboard and trans- atlantic shipping. The prospective development on the Pacific will stimu- late the growth of population and wealth in the states of the Far West, just as nearness to the Atlantic long gave the seaboard states on this side of the continent an advan- tage over the rest of the country. Then, with an actively developed ocean commerce on both borders of the United States, the center of the country ought to be twice as well off as when it was in touch with only one tier of seaboard states. The Wall Street " panic," therefore, has been of general interest, first in giving the country a chance to see how prosperous it is, and, secondly, in calling attention to the probable tendency of transportation development west of the Mississippi. THE EXHIBITION AT BUFFALO. npHE Pan American Exposition, which was formally '■ opened at Buffalo, New York, on May 20, may be regarded as the most tangible result, up to date, of the en- deavors made by the late Secretary Blaine to promote closer relations among all the republics on this hemisphere. The statesmen of this then young nation who, nearly a century ago, sided with the revolting Spanish colo- nies to the south of us in their efforts for independence, were influenced in part by the idea that under a new re- gime the door would be opened for a profitable commerce between us and them. The hope of a great development in this field has never become extinguished, though the re- sults attained have not always been most encouraging. Not only have other markets been nearer to us geograph- ically, and far more convenient to our chief ports when shipping facilities were considered, but our trade has pros- pered more in other directions because of a better under- standing between our own people and those of some other countries. The matter of habit — formed before the United States became a great nation — to say nothing of racial kin- ship, and, to a large extent, sympathy with F;uropean polit- ical ideas, long attracted South Americans to the old world to an extent which has kept them as a class from inform- ing themselves about this country. On the other hand, while Europeans have traveled in South America, made their homes there, and established banks and mercantile June i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER \VORLD 257 houses there, besides shipping lines and telegraphic com- munications, our own business men, of all classes, have neglected to do any of these things which lead the way to a growth of commerce. Gradually conditions have changed, however, until prac- tically all the various southern countries have been found in a state of readiness to cooperate cordially in the Pan American exhibition now being held here. And the enter- prise at Buffalo means also that our own people have come to a better realization of means calculated to promote that better international understanding which stimulates mu- tual trade relations. We say mutual, for no commerce can long exist which does not benefit both parties to it, whether between individuals or nations. It is to be hoped that the Latin .\mericans who visit us during this season will be both interested and pleased, while it is probable that our own people will have as much to learn — or unlearn — about the other nationalities represented as anybody else who may take part in the exhibition at Buffalo. It is proper in these columns to recall that India-rubber long has been one of the most important items in the com- merce between this and several of the neighboring coun- tries to the south, and the continued growth of the rubber interest seems likely to play a large part in inviting invest- ments of capital from the United States in those countries. In fact, probably no other business interest in the United States has more reason to feel a concern in the success of the Buffalo exhibition and the progressive ideas that it stands for. RUBBER BAGS FLOAT CABLE. A PRESS dispatch from England, dated May 6, said : "A submarine telegraph cable lor the Commercial Cable Co. between Waterville, Ireland, and Weston Super-Mare, where the cable will be directly connected with London, has just been completed. Many persons witnessed the work of landing the shore end from the cable steamer Silveriown. This was accomplished by the new method of floating the cable by means of inflated rubber bags. The completion of this work marks the ending of a long struggle with the British govern- ment to accomplish it." GUTTA-PERCHA AS SHE WAS SEEN IN PARIS. IN a " Practical Guide to the Universal Exhibition, Paris,'- written last year by a Frenchman in English for the special benefit of English visitors, occurred this reference to a Belgian exhibit: " The employment of Gutta-percha in the horseshoe is quite recent. They are the Americans who the first have invented this application. At present, velocipedes, to speak of but of these objects, have their wheel provided with a cushions in Guttapercha, which softens the march, avoids all jolts, to pre- vent the wear and tear all that was is not to be wished for the cavalier as much as for the tricycle? M. Francis Dejean has he inspired him of this aim. We ignore it, and we have not to occupy us with it. We insist only to make observe that the invention of the horseshoes Dejean constitutes an enormous improvement and that it is not astonishing that the public makes them a good reception." EXPORTS OF AMERICAN RUBBER GOODS. THE total exports from the United States of goods classed as "Manufactures of India-rubber" during the first ten months of the fiscal year beginning July i, 1900, were: Months. Belting, Packing, and Hose. Boots and Shoes. All other Rubber. Total. July- Feb March, 1901 . . $343,509 48-353 |6l2,279 29,576 $1,112,708 161,168 $2,068,496 239.097 Total 1899-1900. . 1898-99.... $391,862 397,679 (a) $641,855 311,973 202,672 $1,273,876 1,016,612 1,032,721 $2,307,593 1,726,264 1.255,393 ((z) Not separately reported prior to July i, i8gy. The number of pairs of rubber footwear exported was 1,316,- 380, against 572,952 pairs for the same period last year, and 379,1 19 pairs in ten months of 1898-99. Exports of reclaimed rubber during the same months were: 1898-99. 1899-igoo. igoo-oi. $244,129 $367,497 $322,791 DISTRIBUTION OF RUBBER EXPORTS. The manufactures of India-rubber exported from the port of New York during the four weeks ended April 30, 1901, amounted in value and were destined as follows: Great Britain. .$36,065 Newfoundland. 435 Germany 8,543 Nova Scotia. . . 131 France 2,192 Mexico 4,782 Belgium 1,278 Central Araer. 422 Holland. Aus. -Hungary. Switzerland. . . Italy Turkey Russia Denmark Nor'y-Sweden. Ecuador 15 Peru 380 Venezuela .... 305 Australia 7, 194 1,476 Cuba 4,913 New Zealand.. 175 471 China 200 30 Japan 2,587 84 Philippines ... 68 1,387 British E. Ind. 121 778 British Africa. 3,194 262 646 Total . . . $86,060 1,693 British W. Ind 62 Haiti 232 San Domingo. 172 Argentina . . . . 475 Brazil 578 Chile 4,114 Colombia Some other exports during the same month were : Dress Shields. — To Southampton $4540; Liverpool $3179; Havre 1517 ; Hamburg $4366; Antwerp $5396; Vienna $1435; Australia total $20,861. Clothes Wringers. — To Belgium $1777; Germany $1437; Great Britain $5390 ; France $335 ; Oceanica $1001 ; Other countries $1015 ; total $10,955. India-rubber Thread. — To Hamburg $9685 ; Rotterdam $9175 ; Havre $1843; Genoa $4716; Antwerp $450; St. Petersburg $200; total $26,069. Reclaimed Rubber. — To Liverpool .$7240 ; Glasgow $3421; Man- chester $1200 ; Havre $4339 ; Bordeaux $900 ; Genoa $2881 ; Hanover $1000 ; total $20,981. BRITISH EXPORTS OF RUBBER GOODS. Official statement for three months ending March 31 : 1S99. 1900. ;f372,884 $1,664,420 1901. ;i;298,872 $1,594,360 Value — English money ^^320, 298 Value — American money $1,601,490 The figures for January-March, 1901, include ^35,365 (=$176,825) worth of rubber boots and shoes— an item not re- ported separately hitherto. The number of pairs exported during the three months was 307,452. COMPARATIVE EXPORTS OF RUBBER FOOTWEAR. The latest return from the German imperial statistical office gives the value of the exports of rubber boots and shoes from that country during January-March, 1901, at 604,000 marks, compared with 357,000 marks value for the same months of last year. The values of such exports for the three countries named below, for the first three months of the year were as follows: American Engli.^h German money. money. money. United States $149,039 ^29,808 596,156 marks Great Britain 176,825 35.365 707.300 " Germany 151,000 30,200 604,000 " 258 IHE INDIA RUBBER \VORLD [June i, 1901. TWENTIETH CENTURY DINNER OF THE NEW ENGLAND RUBBER CLUB. THE New England I'fiibber Club, whose dinners are all notable and enjoyable affairs, met for their annual meeting and dinner at the Exchange Club, Boston, on the evening of May 3. The whole clubhouse, including the spacious reception rooms and the ample banquet hall, was thrown open to the rubber men. From 6 to 6.30 o'clock there was an informal reception which was brought to a close when President Henry C. Morse called those present to order for the brief business meeting that the club holds once a year. Mr. Henry C. Pearson, secretary of the club, then read the follow- ing report, which was accepted for the club records : secretary's report. Mr. President and Members of the New England Rubber Cli'B: The first meeting of this Club as a whole was held on the eve- ning of April 16, 1900, at the Trade Club, Boston. The report of the secretary at that meeting gave in detail the history of the beginnings of the organization, while the treasurer's report showed a consid- erable sura from advance dues and initiation fees. The official board, whose duties end with this meeting, were elected on a single ballot. After the business meeting an excellent dinner was served, which in turn was fol- lowed by speeches, music, and a stereopticon exhibition. There were present at this gath- ering si.\ty- five members and guests. The second general meeting of the Club was the "Midsummer Impromptu" held at the Point Shirley Club, Winthrop, Mass., August 21, 1900. This was in every way a successful and enjoyable affair. There were present some sixty members and guests. The third meeting of the Club, held at the Hotel Essex, Boston, on the evening of No- vember 19, was commemorative of the birth of Charles Goodyear. Distinguished speak- ers were present, and as a whole the dinner was perhaps as notable as any trade club banquet ever given in lioston. A unique feature was an exhibition of rare and valu- able Goodyear relics that had not been shown before since 1855. were present at this meeting no members and guests. The work of the executive committee, and of the sub-committees, has been done with as little red tape as possible, and with no friction. Mem- bers of the Club, also those who were not officers or members of any committee, have been most efficient and helpful in bearing a share of the work of preparation for dinners and entertainments. Respectfully sub- mitted, HENRY C. PEARSON, May 3. 1901. Secretary. Treasurer George P. Whitmore then presented the following report, which was duly approved and accepted : treasurer's REPORT. Receipts from February 9, igoo, to April /y, tqoi. From Rubber Trade, balance from Sound Money Parade $10.00 " 115 Members for Initiation, at $5 each 575-00 " 115 Members for dues to April i,igot... . 526.21 " Members for Annual Dinner, April 17, 1900. 18495 " Members for Midsummer Outing and Din- ner, August 21, 1900 296.30 " Members for Midsummer Outing Pictures, August 21, 1900 18.00 " Members for Fall Dinner, Novemberig, 1900. 414.45 $2,034.91 Disbursements fiom February g, igoo, to April /j , igoi. Stationery, printing, stamps, etc $265 87 Thomas F. Galvin, for Horal pieces for funerals.. . . 23.90 Thomas F. Galvin, flowers, dinner Nov. 19, 1900. . 20.00 Dinner April 17, 1900, Trade Club 259.55 Dinner August 21, 1900, Point Shirley Club 266.30 Dinner November ig, 1900, Hotel Essex 388.95 Dinner extras, connected with Goodyear exhibit. . . 46.57 Stenographer, November tg, 1900 10.00 Quartette, April 17, 1900 20.00 S. S. Lurvey, Orchestra 5 pieces, August 21, 1900. 20.00 Stereopticon expenses, April 17, 1900 3.30 Winthrop steamboat, August 21, 1900 20.00 George E. Reade, Barges, 62 passengers, August 21, 1900 18.60 Daniel Frank & Co , cigars, August 21, 1900 10.43 Elmer Chickering, outing photographs 18.00 1,391.47 Cash on hand, HENRY C. MORSE, Retiring President of the Club There April 15, igoi $653 44 The election of officers being the next business in order, the following nominating committee was appointed by the chair, George H. Hood, J. F. Wheeler, and J. F. Dunbar, who retired and soon brought in a list of names which was submitted, and by request the chairman of the nominating com- mittee deposited one ballot for the members present. The new officers are : President— K. O. Bourn. Vice President— \^. D. Apslev. Secretary — H. C. PEARSON. Assistant Secretary — W, H. Gleason. Treasurer — G. P. Whitmore. Directors— K. W. Stedman, C. H. Arnold, F. T. Ryder, G. II. Forsyth, F. C. Hood, A. M. Paul. The meeting was then adjourned, the officers and guests leading the way to the banquet hall. Here covers were laid for eighty. The tables were deco- rated in excellent taste with flowers, a fine center piece occupying a space in front of the chair of the toastmaster, while each guest had a neat boutonniere. MENU. Little Neck Clams Hors D'CEuvres Radishes Olives Soufis Creme du Volailles, Reine Margot Consomme, Monte- Carlo Fish Boiled Fresh Salmon, Sauce Hollandaise Cucumbers New Potatoes Releve Sirloin of Beef, larded, Duchesse Haricot Panache Potatoes, Maitre d'Hotel, au gratin Entree Noisette of Lamb, Turenne Petit Pois Punch — Cardinal Game Roasted English Snipe, on Toast Lettuce and Tomato Salad Saratoga Potatoes Dessert Vanilla Ice Cream, with Strawberries Cakes Cheese Coffee Salted Almonds June i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER ^VORLD 259 On the back of the menu was printed " Our Creed," which struck the keynote of the evening : All competition is forgot — Disputes are in the dust, We meet as friends and brothers here A social " rubber trust." The " glad hand " is held out to all With good luck at its beck, It welcomes every rubber man Except the " rubber-neck." The speakers of the evening included General Curtis Guild, Jr., Lafayette Blair, Esq.. Prof. Stephen P. Sharpies, Dr. Joseph C. Stedman, and Mr. T. E. Stutson. The president elect, ex-Governor A. A. Bourn, was toast- master, introducing as the first speaker General Guild, who immediately got in touch with his audience by his opening sentence—" Mr. President and Brother Rubberers." In the happiest possible way he then related a series of anecdotes that were full of vim and humor and earned him frequent and en- thusiastic applause. He then eulogized Benjamin Franklin as the father of American industries, and briefly summarized the latter's achievements in the invention of stoves, the discovery of the electrical current, and the intro- duction of broom corn. He described the gradual transition of the United States in 100 years from a nation absolutely dependent upon Europe and Asia for every manufact- ured article to a nation that now sup- plies both Asia and Europe with man- ufactures, as well as other exports. Speaking of rubber, he said : In a decade you gentlemen have seen the imports of crude rubber double. In value the imports of rubber are seventh in the entire list, and that value last year was $3 [,559,37 1, against $14,854,5 1 2 in 1890. In a decade we have not only doubled our imports of raw material, but more than doubled our exports of manufact- ured rubber goods. Our imports of rubber manufactures are but a third of the value of our exports. Ten years ago we exported barely $1,000,000 worth of rubber goods. Last year our exports were worth nearly $2,500,000. The American rubber boot has marched around the world, and you find its noiseless track not merely in Canada and Germany and England, but in Haiti and Hongkong, in Ecuador and Japan. The American mackintosh coat has beaten its English com- petitor, as the American hat and the American shoe are driv- ing foreign competitors out of the home market. Then, to wind up with, the general told humorously of his experiences while in Colorado last fall, campaigning with Col- onel Roosevelt. Lafayette G. Blair, the next speaker, skilfully and wittily " guyed " both General Guild and Secretary Pearson until he had his listeners, including the victims, convulsed with merriment. He spoke eloquently for the profession of law and Rufus Choate and the "good young days" when commercialism did not rule mankind to quite the extent which it does to-day. Then, said he, honor and integrity were the chief capital of lawyer and merchant. But some day in the future, he prophesied, a time will come when the lawyer will argue not for the almighty dol- lar in it, but for the simple love of justice. " I hope the day will come," said he, " when collections, di- AUGUSTUS The New Presidi vorces, torts, and other things of the kind will be taken care of by the state, without the intervention of lawyers at all." He suggested that perhaps someday we shall have a court of arbi- tration, where poor people can go and tell their stories, when in dispute, without the need of counsel or technicalities or pleading. And he went back to the days of Cicero, and won- dered—could the author of the famed philippics go into the Suffolk county court house to-day— if he would find that much real progress had been made since the days of Rome, after all. Governor Bourn introduced Professor Sharpies as one who had kept track of the chemistry of rubber as had few others, giving interesting incidents in connection with certain notable rubber law suits in which both of them had been brought in contact. Professor Sharpies gave an interesting and scholarly talk on '' The Chemist's Opportunities in the Rubber Industry." He was not certain, he said, that we cannot some day make rubber by artificial means, and he quoted other instances, almost as remarkable, where as great results of inventive genius have been obtained. The experiments so far in this direc- tion have been made in the wrong way. Adulterations have been made, not sub- stitutes. He told of " recovering " rub- ber, and said that old shoes yield the best result in this line. Dr. Stedman gave, in his remarks upon " India-rubber from a Physician's Standpoint," a wonderful list of uses to which this commodity has been put. And he told of the Irishman who.after having used a rubber hot water bag, on his doctor's advice, replied to a quest- ion as to how it worked : " Well, be- gorra, it cured the colic, sure, but the water had a mighty sthrong taste of rubber ! " Mr. Stutson came on very late, but the stories which he had with him were so witty and so well told that he had the real honor of a clamorous demand from all present to "tell another," and *' another " very laughable one was given before the orchestra played " Auld Lang Syne." ECHOES OF THE DINNER. Mr. J. Edwin Davis, sales manager of the Mahoning Rub- ber Manufacturing Co. (Youngstown, Ohio), attended the din- ner and his many friends took occasion to bid him good-bye and good luck in his new field. He brought for guests two of the official board of his company, Mr. J. S. McClurg, general superintendent, and Mr. John Tod, treasurer, the trio leaving for Youngstown the next day. = Mr. John J. Voorhees, of the Voorhees Rubber Manufac- turing Co. (Jersey City, N. J.), expected to be present as a guest, but, business interfering, was obliged to remain in Jersey. = Mr. Wm. J. Kelley (Boston) was unable toattend the recep- tion and so missed the many appreciative things that were said of his helpfulness in arranging with the club steward the de- tails of the dinner. = Mr. Arthur W. Stedman was unable to be present, as he was called out of town suddenly. His regrets were shared by all present, as his unfailing good humor and courtesy are a po- tent factor in the social features of the club. =Assistant Secretary Gleason was in fine humor all the eve- O. BOURN, eiit of the Club 260 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [June i, 1901. ning. It is claimed that he shook hands with everybody in the hall, includinp; himself, at least three times, and, although nor- mally an avowed critic, found nothing but good in sight. = Mr. F. L. Torres, one of the most experienced rubber planters of Mexico, was present at the dinner as the guest of Mr. Fletcher. = Mr. R. A. Loewenthal of New York, and Mr. H. F. Wan- ning of Birmingham, Conn., enjoyed the reception and dinner as guests of Mr. Theodore S. Bassett. = It is only through the invitation of a member that an out- side organization can make use of the Exchange Club. Each individual member of the New England Rubber Club was there actually as the guest of Mr. C. C. Converse, who for that eve- ning cheerfully stood sponsor for him, financially and other- wise. = Treasurer Whitmore was on hand from start to finish greeting members and keeping a keen eye on the many details that go to make up the successful dinner. HEARD AND SEEN IN THE TRADE. ALL reports on the rubber shoe situation are to the elTect that never before, at this season, have orders been placed on so large a scale. Dealers, large and small, are anxious to provide for next winter's trade before prices, which are " subject to change without notice," are ad- vanced. Rubber footwear can now be bought for less money than at any time since the period of cut-throat competition nine or ten years ago — with the exception of a brief period in 1897, and, having in view the high prices attained only two years ago. jobbers and retailers are determined not to take the risk of waiting until the manufacturers put up prices before sending in their orders. » * « The factories are busy, too. Most of them are running to full capacity, and in the rubber shoe centers advertisements have appeared for a month past, calling for additional labor. Many of the plants have orders in hand that will keep them busy for months to come, which is a welcome condition for the employes, for whom steady work has not been afforded for a year or more. « « * Stocks of rubber footwear in the hands of dealers at the end of the past season were not so heavy as might have been ex- pected, in view of the " open " winter. In the first place, jobbers and retailers ordered less freely last summer, inconsequence of the preceding winter having been, in many parts of the country- unfavorable for their business. At the beginning of last year's season it was estimated by the Western Association of Shoe Jobbers that 26 per cent, of the purchase of rubbers by their customers since May i, 1899. were still on their hands. Another effect of this condition was to render manufacturers more con- servative, so that last year's production was not so large aS' otherwise, would have been the case. It may be added that dealers ordered less freely last season on account of the high prices. • » » A PROMINENT jobber in New York is convinced that retailers' stocks in his territory had been well reduced by the end of the season, by the fact that the rainy season in April and May led to many orders for rubbers from retailers, which would have been unnecessary if they had been well stocked with goods of this class. » • » The demand for solid rubber vehicle tires continues to in- crease steadily. There is some complaint, by the way, on ac- count of the general activity of the steel industry, of diificulty in getting prompt delivery of channels for tires, besides which there has been an advance in cost. • » * And still new designs in rubber shoe heels are coming in, and patented ones, too. There is doubt ibout there being a very considerable consumption of rubber in catering to the demand for this new article in trade. The best evidence that the wearing of rubber heels is a habit that is growing is the frequency with which leather shoes equipped with rubber heels are called for. It is not known that any leather shoe factory is turning out goods of this class for stock, but such goods are being made right along on orders. One leather shoe manu- facturer is mentioned as having placed an order lately for 10,000 pairs of rubber heels, to be put on shoes before shipment from his factory. * » « There is one important and long established concern in the mechanical goods trade which has never as yet offered any kind of rubber tire to the trade, and yet which'has been in a state of readiness, from the beginning of the growth of bicy- cling on a large scale, to make bicycle tires. At the factory exists a complete outfit for the manufacture of tires, in order that, if it should at any time seem desirable to enter the trade, tires could be produced on short notice. The company may have seemed to some people ultra conservative in not putting this part of the factory to work at the time when the tire craze was at its height, but in view of the experience of many other concerns in the rubber trade, the stockholders probably are now quite well satisfied with the policy of holding back adopted by their managers. * « * "One thing that struck me about the rubber business abroad," said a returned American, " was the difiference in the relations between the crude rubber merchants and the manu- facturers. Meeting a rubber merchant, I asked him if he knew a prominent manufacturer in the same city. No, he did not; he had never met him, and therefore had never offered him any rubber. I wondered if a crude rubber man in New York could have remained so many years unacquainted with a near by manufacturer." * * * A MAN of long experience in the crude rubber trade has called my attention to his list of rubber manufacturers, which he has divided into classes, beginning with those who discount their bills, and ending with those who give notes at four months. Some companies which, not so many years ago, be- longed to the latter class, now discount their bills, and the general improvement which has taken place in this regard would seem to be evidence that the industry in the United States is steadily getting upon a firmer footing. The crude rubber man referred to believes that the industry as a whole was never in a sounder condition than to-day. One other evi- dence of this condition may be found in the small number of rubber companies who have failed during the past five years, to say nothing of the new concerns that appear to be making money. June i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER W^ORLH 261 THE INDIA-RUBBER TRADE IN GREAT BRITAIN. By Our Regular Correspondent. WITH the amalgamation of the Dunlop Rubber Co. and the Rubber Tyre Manufacturing Co., Limited, and the absorption of the business of the Dunlop Pneu- matic Tyre Co., Limited, all under the name of the Dunlop Rubber Co., cosmos may be said to have taken the place of chaos as far as the general public is con- DUNLOP earned with regard to the real ownership of these RUBBE R COMPANY concerns. There has been a good deal of confusion outside the firms themselves as to the business relations previously existing between the three companies just named, a fact which need cause no surprise, but the consolida- tion effected will remove this. Those who know him say that in losing Mr. Finlay Sinclair, their late manager, the Dunlop Rubber Co. have suflfered a reverse, the full effect of which will be experienced as time proceeds. Mr. Sinclair has joined the board of the Preston-Davies Tyre and Valve Co., whose factory is about to be removed from Glasgow to Coventry. The " Scottish " tire of this company has been highly praised to me by riders whose long distance experiences entitle them to speak with authority. At present this tire is made under license from the Dunlop company, but it is not improbable that, when the monopoly runs out, in about three years' time, the Preston-Davies company will be opponents to be reckoned with. With regard to the motor tire business, I understand that an arrangement has been come to between the Dunlop company and Michelin et Cie., of Clermont-Ferrand (France), by which the former company becomes the sole agents in the United Kingdom for the well known Michelin motor tires, one term of the agreement being that tires up to the value of ^80,- 000 must be purchased by the Dunlop company. By this arrangement it is now impossible for motor-car enthusiasts in this country to buy Michelin tires at the price they are sold at in France, but only at what the Dunlop company choose to sell them for. With regard to the appointment of Mr. Edward J. Byrne as advisory expert to the Dunlop Rubber Co. for twenty years at a salary of ^2500 per annum, somewhat caustic remarks have been made by individuals, but it is not unlikely that " envy, hatred, malice, and all uncharitableness " have had some influence in the framing of these comments. The expert's principal task in the near future will be to make a motor tire equal to Michelin's. Will he be able to do it ? Some surprise has been expressed that while the use of rub- ber lined fire hose in the country as a whole is anything but extensive, the Metropolitan fire brigade should use it '^'"^ exclusively. The reason, however, appears to be that the rules and regulations under which the fire brigades of the metropolis and of the country towns carry out their du- ties differ to some extent. Thus in London the firemen have the power, if not exactly to break, at any rate to enter, any dwelling house in which they have reason to suppose their ser- vices are required, while the firemen in the country cannot enter until they are invited, so to speak. The use of the rub- ber lined hose in London is to prevent damage to house prop- erty by leakage, which so commonly takes place in unlined hose, especially at first until the flax has absorbed the neces- sary amount of water to render it subsequently water-tight. Outside the metropolis it cannot be said that the rubber lined hose is increasing rapidly in favor, on account of its greater cost, heavier weight, and inferior longevity compared with flax VISCOSE. hose pure and simple. With regard to the two varieties of rubber-lined hose — namely, that which is made in the ordinary way with a seam, and that which is made by the seamless meth- od — practical men seem to think that the objection that the seam in the rubber retards the flow of water to some extent is unworthy of serious consideration. We are soon likely to have the cellulose product patented by Carl Otto Weber on the market, if what I hear is reliable. So far the attempts which have been made by other in- vestigators, notably Messrs. Cross & Bevan of Lon- don, to make a satisfactory rubber substitute from cellulose have not achieved any real success. I don't quite know how the new viscose diflers from what has previously been experimented with, though I believe that in its main composition it is very similar; that is, it is a solution of highly mercerised cellulose fiber in bisulphide of carbon. The term " mercerised," it may perhaps be mentioned, refers to the treatment of cellulose in various forms with strong caustic soda solution. The viscose product is expected to take the place of rubber largely in me- chanical mixing and points which are certainly in its favor are its comparatively low price and non-liability to oxidation. Thre/; engineering firms are now engaged making the neces- sary plant for carrying out the vulcanization of rubber tires in about 2]4 minutes, so it looks as if the pro- HiGH (,ggg },^(j Qome to stav, despite the forebod- TEMPERATURE /•,,-,,' u j .n VULCANIZATION. '"8^ °' ^^'' which have been and are still expressed about the future of the process. It will hardly, however, be contended that it is applicable to rubber of any thickness, unless it happens to be nearly all mineral of fire brick nature. Of course, with thin tire strips the case is very different, and there is nothing inherently im- probable about success being attained in this direction. On May 9 a demonstration of this patent machine took place at the rubber machinery works of Messrs. Iddon, at Leyland, in the presence of a numerous gather- ROWLEY AND WALM3LEY ■ ^f representatives of the rubber SPREADING MACHINE. , ,, . , , • u • u trade. Mention of this machine has already been made in this correspondence, and a few supple- mentary remarks will be all that is necessary on the present oc- casion. There are two spreading gages and calender rolls at each end of the machine, and two rolls of cloth are coated simultaneously with perfect ease by one man, the coatings pro- ceeding alternately from each end of the machine until com- pleted. Each film of dough is thus spread the reverse way and calendered at the same time, any liability to porosity being thus removed. It is claimed that with this machine a smaller quantity of dough is used than under the old system, the saving effected being estimated at from 6/8 to i^i on each piece of 80 yards. Less labor is required, as there is no winding back or handling of the rolls after placing in the machine until they are completed. With regard to the construction of the machine inspected, which, it may be mentioned, was made for the Northern Rubber Co. (Retford), the two drying tables are each 20 feet long, which is found sufficient to dry well on pass- ing the cloth at the rate of 8 to 10 yards per minute, and the gearing is so arranged that it can be worked as two single machines if so desired. The total length of the machine is 27 feet long and 10 feet wide over all, the rollers covered as usual with hard rubber being 72 inches in length by 10 inches diaro- 262 THE INDIA RUBBER V/ORLD [June i, 1901. eter. At the luncheon, which was provided by Messrs. Iddon, Mr. J. E. Baxter, chairman of the Rubber Manufacturers' Asso- ciation, spoke strongly on the desirability of the different mem- bers of the trade foregoing their inherent jealousy of one an- other. In the presence of increasing foreign competition, he said, it was of the utmost importance that they should sink personal interests and work together more harmoniously than had been the case in the past, their object being to maintain the supremacy of the trade as a whole. Such occasions as that, he thought, when they met on common ground to discuss the merits or demerits of new machinery, was a step in the right direction, and one that might be repeated with advantage. Other speakers included Mr. Thomas Rowley, Mr. Iddon, and Mr. H. L. Terry, but the limitations of space preclude further detailed reference to what was voted on all hands an instruc- tive and enjoyable day. On the subject as to how far accuracy is obtainable in the analysis of complex rubber mixings much might be written, but the space at disposal in these notes precludes AMjfvciTc ^^^ introduction of the topic. There is one feature of the subject, however, on which it seems convn- ient to say a word or two, and this is with regard to the limi- tation of the utility of such analyses. Admitting that the analysis of a manufactured rubber article is correctly made by a competent authority, yet it is frequently found that those who wish to use the figures as a guide to manufacture a simi- lar article frequently find themselves quite at sea with their re- sults and not infrequently the blame for the fiasco is heaped upon the unfortunate analyst. The fact is that in all cases of manufactured goods, and perhaps especially so in that of rub- ber, the working details have an influence and importance often of the first magnitude, but which cannot by any means be de- tected in the ordinary course of analytical procedure. The analyst, if an expert, may probably arrive at sound conclusions as to the procedure followed in the manufacture, but in many cases this would be quite impossible and sins of omission can- not fairly be laid at his door, in the present incomplete state of our knowledge of rubber chemistry. Reference has been made previously in this correspond- ence to the sale by tender of India-rubber and Gutta-percha by the general postotlice. In the case OLD RUBBER gf jjjg admiralty, however, the bulk GovERNMENT^DOCKYARDS. "' material which has to be disposed of is nothing like so large as that of the postofiice, and it does not attract much attention. In con- tradistinction to postotlice procedure, the sale at the dock- yards is not by tender, but by public auction, which is duly advertised, the old rubber being only one item in the miscel- laneous assortment of old ships' stores which duly come up for sale on these occasions. A good deal of the rubber, it may be mentioned, is in no way decayed, being merely the fresh waste which results from cutting valves, etc., out of the large rec- tangular sheets which it is the custom of the admirally to buy, though this particular waste is supplemented by valves and the like which have done service. With regard to Gutta-percha, there is never more than a small amount of this for sale, and no attempt is made, as in the case of the postotlice, to separate what is comparatively new and sound from what has become practically resin by oxidation. A man-of-war's stores include a small amount of Gutta-percha among the sundries, and this is often returned to the dockyard untouched. If the quantity for sale was larger it might be advisable for the officials to store it when awaiting sale in some position where it was not exposed to the full glare of sunlight, Dut in view of the cheer- fulness with which the country votes millions for new arma- ments it is rather out of place to insist on such very petty economies. One more difference between the admiralty and the postoflice may be mentioned, and this has reference to the old cables offered for sale. In the case of the comparatively small quantity sold by the admiralty, the cable is sold as it is, whereas the postoffice sell the metal core and the dielectric separately, which procedure is to the advantage of buyers who are interested in one or other of the materials and not as gen- eral dealers in all and everything. It seems probable that the near future will see the existing underground telegraph wires largely augmented, as owing to snowstorms and gales the overhead wires have suffered a good deal of late years, thus causing SUBTERRANEAN TELEGRAPHY. trouble and loss to business men. Some time ago a cable was laid from London to Birmingham insulated with paper by the British Insulated Wire Co., and this having proved a success, the system will be further extended, especially in exposed districts in the North of England. The general public have not up to the present evinced much curiosity or in- terest as to the means whereby telegraphic communication is carried on, but with the general introduction of the overhead system of electric cars into our cities there has arisen consider- able agitation, in view of the fatalities which have occurred in Liverpool, for the general adoption of subterranean lines. Another large ground sheet order is being tendered for as I write, thus making the orders for these goods given out since the South African war began up to the large figure of '"*'' /8oo,ooo. I understand that as the result of long OFFICE. ^ ^ trials Dermatine has been adopted by the war depart- ment instead ot vulcanized rubber for certain purposes in con- nection with the use of cordite in field artillery, the preference given to it being largely due to its unalterability when kept for a lengthened time in store or in hot climates. The state of affairs with regard to this company seems to be somewhat lamentable. So far the insurance people have shown themselves indisposed to pay the claims made on them ECCLES and this has frustrated the intention of rebuilding the RUBBER j^^gg p3f[ Qf j[^g factory which was destroyed by fire, the company apparently having no available cash in hand. I hear also that Mr. Sgal [and Mr. Coops, the managing director, have come under the censure of the shareholders and transmitted their energies to other spheres. It is somewhat matter for speculation as to what will be done with the patent rights of the ball making machine which, since Mr. Hille's patent was taken out, has been improved] upon by Mr. Cox, late works manager at Eccles. This branch is pretty brisk at the present time, especially in ladies' goods. Apropos of these it seems somewhat singular that, although a large business is done by British WATERPROOF firms in Canada, the business with the United TRADE States is practically «;7. Certainly in the double texture men's trade firms on this side cannot compete with the sort of proofing that is now in vogue in America, and which does not seem to merit the term rubber at all. In the case, however, of the single texture printed arti- cle it would seem as if the requisite amount of business enter- prise would result in a good trade, as at the present time these goods are imported into the States from Canada, thus paying double profit. I UNDERSTAND that this tire, which was recently the cause of litigation between the original patentees and the Dunlop company, is now the property of Mr. F. Redda- way, and that it is shortly to be manufactured on the large scale at one of the north of England rubber works. WAP8HARE TIRE. June i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 263 THE ORIGIN OF THE HARD RUBBER INDUSTRY. By Dr. Heinrich Trautt (Hamburg).* WHEN Charles Goodyear put his first samples of elas- tic hard rubber before the public in New York, dur- ing 1S51, they aroused in the first place the interest of the then highly flourishing whalebone industry, on account of their qualities similar to those of whalebone. Among the most efficient whalebone manufacturers of that time was the world-wide known firm of H. C. Meyer, Jr., in Hamburg, founded in 1818. This firm in 1842 established under the name of H. A. Meyer (name of the eldest son of H. C. Meyer, Jr.), a whalebone factory in Jersey City, opposite New York, which in 1848 was transferred to Williamsburgh, Long Island. Early in 1852 the latter successfully negotiated— by means of Mr. Conrad Poppenhusen, who had entered the firm in 1843 — with Charles Goodyear for a license for making hard rubber by his firm of Meyer & Poppenhusen. As early as December 31, 1849, Charles Goodyear, through his brother. Nelson Goodyear, secured from the patent office at Washington, a caveat for hard rubber; on December 20, 1850, he filed his application for publishing, and on May 6, 1851, obtained the much contested, entirely insufficient first patent on hard rubber. With astonishing energy, and at con- siderable expense, Charles Goodyear manufactured almost all of the objects of daily use — no matter whether they could be made out of hard rubber to advantage or not — out of his ma- terial, viz.: the hard vulcanized India-rubber, believing his rights for the sole manufacturing to be completely covered by patents. In spite of using his own fortune and that of his friends for advertising (the Great Exhibition in London of 1851 cost him about $30,000, and that of Paris, in 1855, $50,000) he did not succeed in arousing afar-reaching interest for his hard rubber. Only the above mentioned firm of Meyer & Poppenhusen ac- quired from him on March 22, 1852, a license for the manufac- ture of artificial whalebone, and on January 12, 1853, that of hard rubber combs. Not included at the beginning was the license for fabrication of dandruff or narrow combs ; for the latter, however, a license was obtained on September 13, 1853. For the making of hard rubber whip handles Meyer & Poppen- husen obtained a license on January 26, 1854. Meyer & Poppenhusen noticed at once that the process patented by Goodyear could not be exploited to advantage on a larger scale, either technically or financially. The molded ob- jects were covered with talcum, vulcanized with steam apparatus in sand or plaster molds, and consequently presented a surface which was rough, brown or yellow, and impregnated with sand and other foreign substances, besides being uneven in hardness and firmness. It was reserved to the brother of H. C. Meyer, Jr., from Hamburg, L. Otto P. Meyer, engineer and technical director of the plant of Meyer & Poppenhusen, in New York, to make the invention of Goodyear useful and generally applicable for rub- ber whalebone and rubber combs, by introducing the so-called " water hardening " and the use of tin foil and tin forms. His inventions were patented in Washington on December 20, 1853, and extended December 20, 1867 ; patented February 28, 1854, and extended February 28, 1868; patented April 4, 1854, reissued August 16, 1859, and extended April 4. 1868. They formed for twenty-one years the only eflfective protection for the maintenance of the hard rubber monopoly in the United States, Goodyear's patents being untenable. Those who are more interested in the contests over the different hard rubber patents, are referred to the patent proceedings in the United States circuit court: Conrad Poppenhusen (representative of L. Otto P. Meyer) vs. New York Gutta-Percha Comb Co., 1858; Same T'j. John Dixon, i860; Same z*.?. Oscar Falke, Ed- ward Simon, Frederick Simon, Charles Jenkins, Darius Banks, and Eberhard Faber, 1861 and 1862.* By L. Otto P. Meyer's tinfoil patent — in other words, by the application of this metal, almost indifTerent against sulphur, as a protection of the surfaces during vulcanization — a possibil- ity was created, to mold hard rubber objects before vulcaniza- tion, to preserve the sharp contour lines unchanged during the heat of vulcanization, and to take the hard rubber in its characteristic deep-black color with metallic, glossy surfaces directly from the vulcanization apparatus. The covering of the objects to be vulcanized with tinfoil (or other adequate metal foil) or tin-moIdings, rendered it possible at the same time to put them in water ora similar liquid, being a good heat- conductor, so as to obtain an even temperature during vulcan- ization and a uniform hardening of all objects in all of their parts. Also in all other directions L. Otto P. Meyer and his firm of Meyer & Poppenhusen worked restlessly on the improving of the hard rubber industry. Continuously they experimented with new grades of rubber, different kinds of which appeared periodically on the market, and finally made the using of even the poorest rubber grades possible for their purposes by elimi- nating the resin, and by careful and peculiar cleaning. The origin of almost all the important auxiliary machinery of the hard rubber industry may be dated back to this period. In such way the firm of Meyer & Poppenhusen in New York came in a position to put on the market as early as the close of 1852 the first really useful hard rubber whalebone and the first hard rubber combs, and in 1853 they provided the market with these fabrics on an extensive scale. The perspicacity of the owners of the firm of Meyer & Poppenhusen, as well as their long standing experience in the whalebone trade, very soon established the fact that the firmness and elasticity of hard rubber, especially under great changes of temperature were not adequate to cope with the genuine whalebone in a successful manner ; but that the chemical and physical qualities of hard rubber made it an excellent material for the ma.iufac- turing of dressing combs, dandruflf combs, children's ccTibs, and other similar articles. This knowledge led in 1853 to the formation of the far famed India Rubber Comb Co. in New York, the leading hard rubber comb factory in the world. They put out their produc- tions first on the premises of Meyer & Poppenhusen. In 1854 this comb industry was transferred into the large factory at College Point, Long Island, which still exists, while up to the * From the Gurrtmi-^gitung;. XV JahrR., Nr. is, pp. I96-197. *The India Rubdfir World library contains a volume comprising the printed record of another case—" II. H. Goodyear (administrator 0/ Nelson Goodyear) and Conrad Poppenlmsen vs. The New York Gutta Percha and India Rubber Vulcan- ite Co, rt al," decided in the United States circuit court in 1862, which appears to have been the final case in the long continued litigation over the hard rubber pat ents, establishing the validity of the issue to Nelson Goodyear. — Tua Ecnon. 264 THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD [June 1901. end of 1855 the vulcanized plates for the combs and for the artificial whalebone were made and furnished by L. Otto P. Meyer.in Newton, Connecticut. Owing to the death of his father, Henry Ad. Meyer was obliged to return to Hamburg so as to assume the manage- ment of the factories over there, and Mr. Poppenhusen took part in the formation of the India Rubber Comb Co. in New York, while at the same time the firm of H. C. Meyer, Jr., in- augurated the fabrication of hard rubbei whalebone in Ham- burg, bringing into life in Harburg m 1856 the first German hard rubber comb man- ufactory, under the name of the Harburger Gum- mi -Kamm Compagnie (Harburg Rubber Comb Co.).* As commercial man- ager, and after many changes in \M.t personnel, H. W. Maurien joined the Harburg Rubber Comb Co., and as tech- nical director, Mr. Buecking. The fabrica- tion of hard rubber whalebone and of the various hard rubber ar- ticles (we only mention chirurgical and electric- al apparatus and arti- cles, knife-handles, drawing and smoking utensils, etc.) was car- ried on in Hamburg by the firm of H. C. Meyer, Jr., and in course of time brought to great perfection. At the beginning of the fifties Charles Goodyear, as far as can be ascertained, sold his English patent to the Scotch Vul- canite Co. in Edinburgh. The French hard rubber patent of Goodyear was fought and, after a prolonged lawsuit, cancelled, because somebody before Goodyear had produced a mass simi- lar to hard rubber by dipping rubber into molten sulphur, and had patented the same. Then Goodyear himself visited Paris in 1852, assisting in the erection of several soft rubber factories there, introducing with them also the process of hard rubber making. Goodyear himself did not know at that time the in- vention of L. Otto P. Meyer, and hence the hard rubber indus- try began to develop in France many years later, after Germany had brought this fabrication to a state of prosperity. Similar was the case with the introduction of the industry in other European countries. May it be given to Germany to remain in this respect the leading nation ! To reach this end it will, however, be neces- sary, in the first place, that our manufacturers persist more than heretofore in their endeavor to work in the direction of quality and not to juggle with the prices among themselves and with foreign countries. [Note — It may be of interest to read, in connection with tlie preceding article, a paper published in The India Rubbkr World April i, iStj8, on tlie " Develop- ment of tlic Hard Rubber Industry."— The Editor.] THE NEW MEXICAN RUBBER. \>^" HARD RUBBER FACTORY OF [Located at Newtown, Connecticut. Occupied Belting and Packing Co. and remodelled as their ' REPRODUCED FROM THE •This has grown into the important concern of which Dr. Heinrich Traun, a descendant of the Meyer family through his mother, and the writer of this article, is now the proprietor, and which has been described at length in the pages of Thb India Rubbbr World. — Thb Editor. IN a recent oflScial report the United States consul at Mata- moras, Mexico — P. Merrill Griffith — gives some interesting details regarding the new factory at San Luis Potosi, already mentioned in The India Ruisber World as having been es- tablished for the extraction of rubber from a plant growing in the mountainous districts of Mexico. This plant has not yet been identified botanically by any of The India Rubber World's correspondents, but Consul Merrill makes an interest- ing statement to the effect that it is found also " in certain locali- ties of Texas, Wyoming, and Nebraska." The plant is known locally as "hule," but this is the name applied to the rubber tree generally in Mexico. In the patent issued to William Pram- polini, however, cover- ing the process for the extraction of the gum, the shrub is described as the Synaniheroeas Mexicanas. "The principal steps in the process of manu- facture," writes Consul Merrill, " are as follows : There are special ma- chines which feed the plant automatically in- to the cutters ; after it comes out of these ma- chines, it is carried by a bucket elevator and dumped into steam-jacketed mixing tanks, containing certain chemicals; the product then runs by gravity into hydraulic filter presses, after which it is subjected to a hydrostatic pressure of 75 pounds to the square inch ; it is then conveyed into settling tanks, where the gum, being heavier, settles to the bottom, while the chemicals and residue are drawn off." The special machinery used was designed and has been patented bytheCia.de Fundi- cion de Fierro y Manufacturera de Monterey (Monterey Foun- dry and Manufacturing Co.). A letter to The India Rubber World from Monterey says: "The 'hule' is a small, rugged, hardy, bushlike plant which grows to a height of three or four feet. The leaves on the plant very much resemble those of the sage brush. In some parts of Mexico the plant is ground on ' metates 'or stones, with water running over it, and the gum or rubber is held to- gether in a mass, while the addition of a little water removes the woody substance. This process, of course, is far from be- ing a commercial success, for the reason that the product is not entirely cleaned, and for the further reason that only very small quantities can be produced in this way. The rubber thus obtained is very springy and elastic, and is usually rolled into balls, as playthings for children." The plant above described no doubt is the same which Mr. John H. Cheever, of the New York Belting and Packing Co., experimented with, some twelve years ago. Mr. Cheever con- sidered the rubber obtained from the plant to be equal to the best Centrals, but his experiments soon ceased on account of the expense of bringing the bark to his factories. MEYER & POPPENHUSEN. 1853-55- In ^^^i purchased by the New York ' Factory No. 2." Destroyed by fire in 18S7.] " GUMMI-ZEITUNG." June i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 265 PREPARATION OF RUBBER. TO THE Editor of The India Rubber World: Having read, under the heading of the " Coagulation of Latex," in your issue of January i, Mr. Parkin's reply to my coniiiients on his paper published in the Annals of Botany, I cannot see that he seriously traverses the several points I raised in my paper in The India Rubber World, October i, 1900. In the first place, he admits the misuse of the word " pure," for lattw as extracted from the tree, by explaining that it would be " un- derstood by most readers." Per contra, he appears inconsis- tent when he makes objection to my use of the word "coagu- lation," as I have just as good a right to claim the understanding of the " general reader " as he has himself, and moreover I had anticipated the objection by pointing out a possible " confu- sion " as resting with him. Again, Mr. Parkin makes an assertion in his reply to meet the point, which does not appear to cover the case; and lor which, moreover, he has presented no evidence in support. He says : " In -ivhat may and to what extent the collected latex may have been contaminated by the surrounding tissues, are matters of conjecture only ; " and yet he admits that some of the contents of the bark vessels " may find their way into the laticiferous stream." The extent of the contamination is, however, fairly well shown, when it can be proved that Castilloa fluids contain at least 75 per cent, of matter which is not rubber, as shown by Biffen. The laticiferous tissue having been found filled to dis- tension with solid rubber, would also appear to prove that the greater part of the fluids are drawn from other sources, and not from this tissue. It is true that the water conducting vessels need not be in- jured to obtain rubber fluids, but nevertheless they are generally so wounded, and the dilution thus made must be accounted for- Mr. Parkin accounts for it by offering an opinion, "that sugar and proteids may come from this source," but the difference in density is to be accounted for by the water contained in the laticiferous tubes themselves; thus showing that he allows the presence of water in the bark, while he apparently desires to show that the wood vessels must be pierced to obtain it. That the water which forms a part of all rubber fluids all comes from the laticiferous tissue is a point, proof of which is wanting. Mr. Parkin further states that in his experiments " nothing was suggested which tended to the conclusion that the quan- tity of the coagulator required is in proportion to the amount of rubber to be coagulated " and yet in his paper in the Annals of Botany [p. 196] states that the quantity of acid needed " de- pends on the amount of pure latex present in the liquor to be clotted." How would the "general reader" understand the meaning of the words " pure latex," in this sentence .' The Trinidad experiments show that rubber globules can be clotted, coagulated, coalesced, aggregated, fused, or massed together, when washed clean of proteid matter, and when suspended in water, by the addition of any medium which will rupture the globule itself, and the experiment has been performed again and again with unvarying success. Be the action " coagula- tion " or not, in the true scientific meaning of the word, I fail to see that any service can be rendered to the rubber industry by discussing the relative merits of words to be used for the clotting or fusing together of rubber particles, or the manner of the separation of a solid substance from the liquid in which it is usually suspended. Besides, my comments on Mr. Parkin's work were chiefly to show that rubber would be better in quality, if prepared with- out coagulation, as understood by Mr. Parkin ; for it is quite clear, from his own statements, that the material must be purer when the rubber particles are massed together, fused, or coal- esced, without the aid of, and independent of, proteids. Mr. Biflfen in his paper uses the words " spontaneous coagulation " and records having observed this action taking place when latex was in contact with air : but was this " coagulation " ac- cording to Mr. Parkin, or was it merely the coalescence of the particles such as I record in my experiments? Oris Mr. Biflfen also to be said to have used the word in a wrong sense .' The fact remains that rubber globules can be clotted by alcohol when washed clean of proteid matter (except what they may themselves contain), and this method of binding them together is that referred to as the means by which probably the purest rubber could be obtained. Rubber globules can also be massed together by nitric acid, the action of which is to completely clear the watery liquors by the massing or creaming of the rubber particles on the sur- face. The first washings of rubber fluids when cleared of the rubber particles, by creaming or centrifugal action, can be coag- ulated by acids, but the solid material is not rubber ; and has nothing to lecommend it, for mixture therewith, so far as can now be seen. By volume, this matter forms about .01 per cent, of our fluids, but the amount probably varies in different trees and in different seasons. The residual liquors or washings are not readily coagulated by the addition of alcohol. Castilloa fluids may be preserved for some time with formalin and the rubber globules can afterwards be quickly clotted with alcohol after washing. Again, if rubber fluids are allowed to set up a natural fer- mentation in water, rubber is produced on the surface which is of good quality, and has the appearance of being tanned. The proteid matters appear to be destroyed and can be readily washed away. The substitution of the words " rubber fluids " for latex Mr. Parkin deems cumbersome, but this appears a matter of personal opinion only, and I think few people would be found to follow him, and call the red fluids of Pterocarpus, and a species of Croton which gives a liquid indistinguishable from blood, by the name of latex ox milk; and besides their trade names of " Dragon's blood " and " Blood wood " would have to disappear from use, which is hardly probable. It is only fair to mention, as regards preparation or separation by centrifugal action, that even after this process has been used, it is necessary to mass or clot together the rubber particles, and the most ready way of doing this is with a small jet of alcohol. I have to thank Mr. Parkin for his reference to the two par- agraphs in vcv£'r Tiopenpjlanzer, Berlin. V-5. (May, igoi.) pp. 211-220. Quelles sont les Plantes qui produisent les divers Caoutchoucs du Congo? By Dr. E. De Wildemann = B«//f//7j oV /a Socic't^ d^ Eludes Coloniales, Brussels. VIII-4 (April, 1901.) pp. 256-266. Le Ficus Elastica en Annam. By Jacquet, direcleur de I'agriculture. [History of its introduction, experiments in cultivation, results of collec- tion ; illustrations of implements. Reprinted from Bulletin Economique de V Lndo-Chine'\ = Revue des Cultures Coloniales, Vans. VIII-74, 76 (April 5, May 5, 1901.) pp. 218-221 ; 279-282. Rubber. By H. E. Armstrong. [Illustrated article on sources and methods of obtaining the raw material and its manufacture in the United States. ] = .4!K.fAV'.t Magazine, New York. VII-4 (May, 1901.) pp. 326-334. Guttapercha aus Mittelamerika. By Dr. Paul Preuss. [Describes product of Taberncumontana Donnell Smithii ; with plate. ]^^Z)<'r Trop- enpjlanzer, Berlin. V-3 (March, 1901.) pp. 101-105. Les Productions Vegetales Naturelles de la Region des Betsimisaraka- Betanimena (Madagascar.) By Captain Jeannot. [Including references to Caoutchouc yielding plants and native methods of extraction.] ^A'f- vuc des Cultures Coloniales, Paris. VIII-72 (March Si 1901) pp. 134-142. Apontamentos sobre o Caucho Amazonica. By Dr. J. Wwhex.^Bo- letin do Museu Paraense, Para. III-i (February, 1900.) pp. 72-S7. OTHER PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED. THE HARMFULNESS OF BUSH FIRES. BY DR. H. A. ALFORD NICH- olls, C.M.G., M D , F.L.s. Issued by the Commissioner of Agriculture. Barba- does : 1901. [Paper. i6mo. 29 pp.] The subject of this p?per is one which will appeal to the in- terest of rubber planters on a large scale, many of whom are surrounded by conditions which render them liable to danger from fires of the character referred to by Dr. NichoUs. LA RAMIE. CULTURE, PREPARATION. UTILISATION INDUSTRI- elle. Compte Rendu in Extenso des Si^ances du Congrts et du Concours International de la Ramie, Juin-Oclobre, 1900. Paris: Bureau de \2l l\evue des Cultures Cotoniates, i^joi. [Large Svo. pp.108. Price 4 francs.] An international "ramie congress" was held at Paris, in connection with the exposition last year, at which was dis- cussed a variety of questions bearing upon the utilization of this interesting fiber, a complete report of the whole being col- lected in this volume, together with illustrations of apparatus for treating ramie. An introduction is from the pen of M. Maxime Cornu, professor in the Museum d'HIstoire Naturelle, who presided at the congress. Annual Report of the Wire Department for the Year igoo. Boston : 1901. Svo. 51 pp.-|-maps+plates. Twenty-third Annual Report of the Bureau of Statistics of Labor and Industries of New Jersey. Year ending October 31, 1900. Camden: 1901. 8vo. 32Q pp. -t- plates. Annual Report of Royal Botanic Gardens for the year 1900. By J. H. Hart, F. L. s., Superintendent. Trinidad: 1901, Folio. 23 pages. Junk i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 267 NEW GOODS AND SPECIALTIES IN RUBBER. T WIND AND WEATHERPROOF CLOTHING. HESE goods are not offered as mackintoshes, but arc coated thoroughly with a good grade of rubber, which renders them impervious to cold, penetrating winds. The cloths are as nearly waterproof as the ordinary grade of mackintoshes. This new line of goods is made up in a wide variety of styles, and in different cloths, at varying prices. The illustration shows a suit composed of a heavy covert double breasted jacket and trous- ers, for workingmen's use. The material is a heavy quality of cot- ton duck, proofed with rubber, with a heavy napped wool lining. The goods are rendered " wind proof " by an interlining, also of wool, proofed with rubber. The jackets of the style shown in the cut are intended to retail at $2 and the trousers at a relatively low figure. These new garments are evidently of a durable char- acter, and have met a very heavy sale. Some other styles besides ^tj that illustrated in this cut are ^Ht men's heavy wool ulsters, heavy ^^1 wool pea jackets, men's top coats, ^H and boys' heavy covert top coats. ^H The coats are manufactured by ^U the American Rubber Co. and ^M sold in New York by William Bl Morse & Co., No. 72 Reade Ift street. "universal" rubber vehicle tire. This tire is adjusted to the wheel directly over the steel tire, and dispenses with the channel iron which other rubber tires require. In case of an accident to the rubber tire while on the road, there is always the steel tire to fall back upon, so that the traveler may proceed without injury to the wheel'. No M no possibility of puncture, and it may be placed upon high wheels, which overcome better than low ones the effects of in- equalities in the road. Should this tire become injured, it will be necessary only to procure a short section of rubber to replace the damaged part. All the ap- pliances needed for putting on the "Universal" tire are a double-pointed bradawl, a ham- mer, and double-pointed brads or staples. The tire can be put 3n at home, instead of having to send it away to a tire shop, per- haps at a distance. The "Uni- versal" tire is made in strips seven feet long. The larger cut shows the general appearance of the tire, with the brads driven through its edges into the wheel felloe to hold it in the place ; the smaller cut shows a section of an inch tire. [Boston Belt- ing Co., Boston.] THE " MONARCH '' RUBBER HEEL. This new heel, for which patents are pending, possesses a novel feature in construction which makes an air cushion of it. A hollow in the heel lightens the weight and gives greater elasticity to the tread. A small opening at the top of the heel, where the heel is fastened to the shoe, allows the air to be channel iron being used, a wider tread is obtained, which gives a lighter draft, especially through mud and sand. Further- more, the absence of the channel iron lessens any tendency to sand and mud throwing, and also obviates the extreme " dish " which a heavy channel iron causes on light wheels and which to many eyes is unsightly. With the " Universal " tire there is pumped in and out as the wearer walks. Both the hollow in the heel and the vent at the top are shown in the second of the illustrations which accompany this description. It should further be mentioned that the " Monarch," being a whole heel, requires no leather rand to aid in adjusting it to the shoe. Attention is called by the manufacturers to the quality of the material used in these heels, in consequence of which they do not chip. The entire heel is made of the same grade of stock, and the edge takes on a burnish like a leather heel. This heel is made by the Monarch Rub- ber Co. (Brockton, Mass.), who long have been identified with the manufacture of rubber ce- ment for use in the leather shoe industry. A NEW RUBBER HEEL. William W. Comingor (Danville, Indiana) has obtained a patent [No. 663,865] for a new rubber heel for leather shoes, his invention consisting in em- bedding a plate of peculiar form and arrangement within an otherwise solid rubber heel as a bearing plate for nail heads to draw upon for attaching the heel to a sole, the plate being adapted to cause the heel to fit closely at its edges to the sole and prevent uneven bulging of the sides of the heel, and thus 268 THE INDIA RUBBER \VORLD [June 1 90 1. avoid refinishing after securing the heel. The plate referred to is preferably stamped out of thin sheet steel, and has a horseshoe like contour, the circumferential dimensions of the plate being slightly less than that of the heel. The plate is perforated for nails. The plate may also be formed with a series of pins or studs, adapted to extend from the plate to the bot- tom or wearing surface of the rubber heel, in a semicircle at the back of the heel, to protect the rear part from excessive wear. Mr. Comingor is desirous of making arrangements for the manufacture of the new heel. lappe's standard hygienic heels. This is a view of a new rubber heel for leather shoes, the prin- cipal claims for which are (i) that it will not carry dirt; (2) that it is reinforced at wearing points; and (3) that the method of applying nails will prevent injury to floors and carpets. Special attention is called by the manufacturers to the quality of the material used in this heel, it " being the same slock as is used in the manufacture of car riage tires." [H. A. Lappe & Co., wholesale leather, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.] SELF PACKING RING FOR GAGE GLASSES. This patented packing ring — of which both a general and a section view are shown in the illustration — is worked by the boiler pressure, ft is so constructed as to conform readily to the position of TRADE ^ly/^ ^\ ^'"^ glass tube w i t h o u t wrenching or twisting the ends of the same, thereby obviating all danger of breaking the glass tubes when connect- ingor replacing them. A wrench is not required in applying this ring ; the nutis simply screwed up with the thumb and finger until a good bearing has been secured on the bottom or beveled side of the ring. Then the valve can be opened and the ring will take care of itself. [The La Favorite Rubber Manufacturing Co., Paterson, New Jersey.] THE BAYONET CLIP FOR ATOMIZERS. Physicians, who are perhaps as intelligent users of atom- izers as anybody, have long complained of the time that it takes to remove any form of top from a bottle and attach it to another, a common method being of course that of screwing and unscrewing. The Davidson Rubber Company have obvi- ated this difficulty in an exceedingly simple and effective man- ner, using instead of the hard form, a Bayonet Clip, which with the correct turn is made perfectly fast, so that a top or pipe can be released in a fraction of a minute. A new NEW FEATURE IN SLOTTED SCREW TtPS. It has not been an unusual experience, with users of slotted screw tips, to have the rubber heads pull off the screw, feature in the construction of such tips has been introduced, being a patented perforated coun- tersunk disk, of which illustrations are presented herewith, and the use of which makes it impos- sible for the rubber head to pull oil. The con- struction of the disk being countersunk allows the head of the screw to imbed itself in the disk, so in case the tip is worn down it will present a perfectly smooth surface and do no damage. On account of the disk and the screw being molded clear to the bottom of the tip, it gives about 1/16 inch more wear than any other slotted screw tip, all of which have an ordinary oval headed iron screw on which the rubber will not unite. An additional point of interest to the trade is that these patented tips are sold at the same price as the tips hitherto on the market. [The Elastic Tip Co., No. 370 Atlantic avenue, Boston.] MINOR MENTION. Nothing perhaps shows the German ability to make excel- lent hard rubber goods better than a flexible hard rubber tube which is now being placed on the market by George Borgfeldt & Co. (New York). This tubing is black, nicely finished and exceedingly dense, and yet can be bent into almost any shape without breaking. RUBBER INDUSTRY IN NEW lERSEY. THE twenty-third annual report of the bureau of statistics of labor and industries of New Jersey — in which state the Massachusetts system of such statistics has been adopted — contains the following details regarding the India-rubber in- dustry for the year 1899. The returns cover 33 establishments which are believed to represent practically the whole industry in New Jersey: Total capital employed .$6,700,548 Total value of materials used $8,205,344 Crude rubber $4,742,778 Scrap rubber 684.352 Other materials a. 778,214 Total amount paid in wages S?l,73g.qi8 Total selling value of products $12,441,996 Boots and shoes $1,904,961 Rubbertires 549 44° Reclaimed rubber 871,559 Other rubber goods 0,116,036 Number of private firms 2 Number of partners 4 Number of corporations 31 Number of shareholders in corporations 356 Number of female shareholders 75 Average capital invested by partners $50,000 Average invested by shareholders $18,260 Average capital per factory .$203,047 Average materials used per factory $248,644 Average products per factory $377»o30 Average wages paid per factory $52,725 Smallest number of employes 3<(>^9 Largest number of employes 4296 Total average number of employes 4i034 Average number of male employes 3,312 Average number of female employes 722 Average number of employes per factory 122 Average earnings per year per employi' $43'.3i Average number of days in operation 280.27 Average hours of work per day 9.97 Proportion of business done to capacity 81.97 per cent. A comparison of returns on a similar basis, but from a smaller number of establishments, for 1898, shows an increase in capital, materials used, goods produced, and rate of wages. June i, 1901.] THE INDIA RUBBER WORLD 269 RUBBER GOODS" ON THE STOCK EXCHANGE. THE stoclis of the Rubber Goods Manufacturing Co. were on May i admitted to quotation in the unlisted depart- ment of the New York Stock Exchange, The amount of stock outstanding on that date was — Preferred, So. 5 14 shares $8,051,400 Common, 109,417 shares. .. . 16,941,700 Total $24,993,100 The distinction between 'Misted" and "unlisted" stocks is almost without a diflterence. When the stock of a corporation has been " listed," the issue cannot be increased — If the stock is to continue on the list— without the approval of the author- ities of the Stock Exchange, involving certain formalities, and possibly delay. The Rubber Goods Manufacturing Co., under their New Jersey charter, are authorized to issue $50,000,000 in shares, and as they probably expect to acquire additional prop- erties, for which new stock will have to be issued, they will be saved some trouble by not being "on the list." They can make application to have the stock listed when the enterprise has been fully developed. The same course was pursued by the United States Rubber Co., which had issued not more than one-fourth of their authorized capital of $50,000,000 when, on November 18, 1892, their stock was admitted to the unlisted department of the Stock Exchange. Subsequently, when there had been further issues, this became a " listed " stock. The same has been the history of the American Sugar Refining Co., the National Lead Co., the American Tobacco Co., and so on. There is involved no discrimination whatever against the "un- listed " stocks. In making application to be admitted to quotation on the Stock Exchange, the officers of the Rubber Goods Manufactur- ing Co. made a statement of the condition of the business of the company, in which the following details appear : The properties controlled are not owned in fee by the Rub- ber Goods Manufacturing Co., except as hereinafter specified, but are held through the stocks of the respective companies Seventy-five per cent, of Morgan & Wright and the entire cap- ital stocks of the other companies named below are owned by the Rubber Goods Manufacturing Co., with the exception of a few shares of the Mechanical Rubber Co. and such other shares as are necessary to qualify directors, on which options are held. NAME AND LOCATION Ol PLANTS. Capitai-. The Mechanical Rubber Co $4,843,275 Owning the FaUaiving Proptrtifs, The CliicaRc) Rubber Works (I hicago. Ill ) The Cleveland KubherCo. (Cleveland. Ohic) [Both acquired in fee simple by the IVIecliaiiical Rubber Co.] The New York Beltine and Packing Co , Limited, (Passaic, N. J., and Sandy Hook, Conn). (Japital outstanding j£426,ooo (=$2,130,000.) The I'abric Fire Hose Co, (Warwick, N. Y.) Capital outstand- ing $100.0"0. The Sinughton Rubber Co. (Sloughton, Mass.) Capital out. standing $.;(,n,oo'>. Morgan & Wright, I ncorporated (Chicago) 500,000 The I'cerless Rubber Manufacturing Co, (New Durham, N. J.). 1,000,000 The India Rubber Co. (Akron, Ohio). The Hartford Rubber Works Co. (Hartford, Conn ). . . The Indianapolis Rubber Co. (Indianapolis, Ind.) The American Dunlop Tire Co. (Belleville, N.J.) The New Brunswick Tire Co (New Brunswick, N. J). . . [Occupies property owned in fee by the R. (i. Mfg. Co.] The Sawyer Belting Co. (Kast Cambridge. Mass.) [Occupies leased property.] lOG.OOO 200,000 25,000 77.300 250,000 35,000 BONDED INDEBTEDNESS. The Rubber Goods Manufacturing Co. has no bonded In- debtedness. The bonded Indebtedness In companies in which It has an interest Is shown below : The Mechanical Rubber Co % 845,500 Tot^l bond issue to March 8, 1901 $1,040,500 Less bonds cancelled 95